the freedom from disease causing microorganisms; being free from infection

a detectable alteration in normal tissue function

the ability to produce disease

invasion of body tissue by microorganisms and their growth their

defined as all the measures we take to purposefully reduce the number of microorganisms (germs) to an irreducible number for the purpose of preventing transmission of infection.

includes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms.

refers to practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms and spores (microscopic dormant structures formed by some pathogens that aver very hardy and often survive common cleaning techniques); Used for all procedures involving the sterile areas of the body

substances usually intended for use on persons that inhibit the growth of pathogenic but not necessarily destroys them.

the process by which all microorganisms inducing their spores are destroyed

the process by which something is rendered unclean or unsterile

a chemical that kills microorganisms

an agent that prevents bacterial multiplication but does not kill all forms of microorganisms

live on other living organisms. they include protozoa such as the one that causes malaria, helminths (worms), and arthropods (mites, fleas, ticks)

include yeasts and molds. candida albicans is a yeast considered to be normal in the human vagina

consists primarily of nucleic acid and therefore must enter living cells in order to reproduce

the most common infection-causing microorganisms, several hundred species can cause disease in humans and can live and be transported through air, water, food, soil, body tissues and fluids, and inanimate objects

the process by which strains of microorganisms become resident flora. The microorganisms may grow and multiply but do not cause disease.

when a culture of the persons’ blood reveals microorganisms

is limited to the specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain

if the microorganisms spread and damage different parts of the body

generally appear suddenly or last for a short time

may occur slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years

when bacteria results in systemic infection

defined as an infection acquired at least 72 hours after hospitalization hospital-acquired infection.

microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections originate from the clients themselves

from the hospital environment and hospital personnel

direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

microorganisms means

sources of microorganisms

is a person or animal reservoir of a specific infectious agent that usually does not manifest any clinical signs of disease

before an infection can establish itself in a host, the microorganisms must leave the reservoir.

involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person through touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse

be either vehicle-borne or vector-borne

subtances serving as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry

is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent.

may involve droplets or dust

before a person can become infected, microorganisms must enter the body.

is any person who is at risk for infection

protect the person against microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure.

is a local and non-specific defensive response of the tissue or infectious agent

Dolor means

Calor means

Rubor means

Tumor means

is produced, consisting of fluid that escaped form the blood vesssels, dead phagocytic cells, and dead fibrinogen, thromboplastin, and platelets together form an interlacing network to wall off the area and prevent spread of the injurious agent.

first stage of inflammation, blood vessels at the site of injury constrict and then followed by dilation of small blood vessels thus, more blood flows to the injured area.

repair of injured tissues by regeneration or replacement with fibrous tissue (scar) formation

is the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function.

which impair ciliary action and weakens the mucous barrier

which impair skin integrity

which restricts blood flow

which alter the production of white blood cells

which deplete protein reserves

is a major underlying disease predisposing clients to infection because compromised peripheral vascular status and increased serum glucose levels increase susceptibility

The nurse obtains the client's history, conducts the physical assessment, and gathers laboratory data

Signs and symptoms of an infection vary according to the body area involved

Signs of systemic infection include the following:

NANDA nursing diagnosis associated with infection: Risk for infection

The major goals for clients susceptible to infection are to: • Maintain or restore defenses • Avoid the spread of infectious organisms • Reduce or alleviate problems associated with the infection

If infection cannot be prevented, the nurse's goal is to prevent the spread of the infection within and between persons, and to treat the existing infection.

is considered the most effective infection control measures to spread microorganisms

Signs and symptoms indicating the presence of infection: swelling, redness, pain or tenderness with palpation or movement, palpable heat at site, loss of function of affected body part, presence of exudate

Signs and symptoms indicating the presence of infection: fever, increased pulse and respiratory rates, lack of energy, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes

refers to a technique designed to prevent the spread of infection or potential infectious microorganisms to health personnel, clients, and visitor.

protects health care providers from inhaling respiratory pathogens transmitted by the droplet route.

has a soft knitted head band that offers greater comfort and a secure fit. The classic cone mask is convenient to use and provides excellent filtration at over 95% efficiency

constructed with a patented combination of materials to resist fluid penetration upon impact

particulate filter- respirator and surgical mask, pouch style. Meets or exceeds all CDC and NIOSH compliance requirements for tuberculosis protection

Pt. placement: private room that has monitored negative air pressure

In all client situations: “WASH HANDS BEFORE and AFTER CLIENT CONTACT!”

Used in clients with known or suspected condition easily transmitted through direct client contact or by contact with clients item.

Patient placement: Private room : Cohort or maintain spatial separation of 3ft from each other pts or visitors if private room is not available

This clients are often infected by their own microorganisms or from inadequately washed hands of the Health care provider.

Isolation of clients can develop problems like separation and some special care due to their precautions.

defined as the practice of techniques and procedures designed to reduce the number of microorganisms in an area or an object and to decrease the likelihood of their transfer.