is the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function.

defined as the practice of techniques and procedures designed to reduce the number of microorganisms in an area or an object and to decrease the likelihood of their transfer.

a detectable alteration in normal tissue function

the process by which strains of microorganisms become resident flora. The microorganisms may grow and multiply but do not cause disease.

defined as all the measures we take to purposefully reduce the number of microorganisms (germs) to an irreducible number for the purpose of preventing transmission of infection.

before an infection can establish itself in a host, the microorganisms must leave the reservoir.

Used in clients with known or suspected condition easily transmitted through direct client contact or by contact with clients item.

protects health care providers from inhaling respiratory pathogens transmitted by the droplet route.

which impair ciliary action and weakens the mucous barrier

which restricts blood flow

the process by which all microorganisms inducing their spores are destroyed

particulate filter- respirator and surgical mask, pouch style. Meets or exceeds all CDC and NIOSH compliance requirements for tuberculosis protection

Patient placement: Private room : Cohort or maintain spatial separation of 3ft from each other pts or visitors if private room is not available

an agent that prevents bacterial multiplication but does not kill all forms of microorganisms

is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent.

microorganisms means

has a soft knitted head band that offers greater comfort and a secure fit. The classic cone mask is convenient to use and provides excellent filtration at over 95% efficiency

may occur slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years

includes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms.

the ability to produce disease

invasion of body tissue by microorganisms and their growth their

The major goals for clients susceptible to infection are to: • Maintain or restore defenses • Avoid the spread of infectious organisms • Reduce or alleviate problems associated with the infection

Signs and symptoms of an infection vary according to the body area involved

Dolor means

when bacteria results in systemic infection

the most common infection-causing microorganisms, several hundred species can cause disease in humans and can live and be transported through air, water, food, soil, body tissues and fluids, and inanimate objects

Tumor means

be either vehicle-borne or vector-borne

the process by which something is rendered unclean or unsterile

which alter the production of white blood cells

the freedom from disease causing microorganisms; being free from infection

Pt. placement: private room that has monitored negative air pressure

which deplete protein reserves

refers to practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms and spores (microscopic dormant structures formed by some pathogens that aver very hardy and often survive common cleaning techniques); Used for all procedures involving the sterile areas of the body

may involve droplets or dust

sources of microorganisms

microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections originate from the clients themselves

protect the person against microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure.

NANDA nursing diagnosis associated with infection: Risk for infection

is considered the most effective infection control measures to spread microorganisms

If infection cannot be prevented, the nurse's goal is to prevent the spread of the infection within and between persons, and to treat the existing infection.

is a person or animal reservoir of a specific infectious agent that usually does not manifest any clinical signs of disease

refers to a technique designed to prevent the spread of infection or potential infectious microorganisms to health personnel, clients, and visitor.

Signs of systemic infection include the following:

from the hospital environment and hospital personnel

In all client situations: “WASH HANDS BEFORE and AFTER CLIENT CONTACT!”

substances usually intended for use on persons that inhibit the growth of pathogenic but not necessarily destroys them.

is a local and non-specific defensive response of the tissue or infectious agent

if the microorganisms spread and damage different parts of the body

defined as an infection acquired at least 72 hours after hospitalization hospital-acquired infection.

is any person who is at risk for infection

first stage of inflammation, blood vessels at the site of injury constrict and then followed by dilation of small blood vessels thus, more blood flows to the injured area.

is produced, consisting of fluid that escaped form the blood vesssels, dead phagocytic cells, and dead fibrinogen, thromboplastin, and platelets together form an interlacing network to wall off the area and prevent spread of the injurious agent.

Signs and symptoms indicating the presence of infection: fever, increased pulse and respiratory rates, lack of energy, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes

Rubor means

Calor means

consists primarily of nucleic acid and therefore must enter living cells in order to reproduce

Isolation of clients can develop problems like separation and some special care due to their precautions.

subtances serving as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry

constructed with a patented combination of materials to resist fluid penetration upon impact

when a culture of the persons’ blood reveals microorganisms

generally appear suddenly or last for a short time

repair of injured tissues by regeneration or replacement with fibrous tissue (scar) formation

before a person can become infected, microorganisms must enter the body.

involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person through touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse

live on other living organisms. they include protozoa such as the one that causes malaria, helminths (worms), and arthropods (mites, fleas, ticks)

is limited to the specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain

a chemical that kills microorganisms

Signs and symptoms indicating the presence of infection: swelling, redness, pain or tenderness with palpation or movement, palpable heat at site, loss of function of affected body part, presence of exudate

direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

include yeasts and molds. candida albicans is a yeast considered to be normal in the human vagina

The nurse obtains the client's history, conducts the physical assessment, and gathers laboratory data

This clients are often infected by their own microorganisms or from inadequately washed hands of the Health care provider.

which impair skin integrity

is a major underlying disease predisposing clients to infection because compromised peripheral vascular status and increased serum glucose levels increase susceptibility