NUCLEAR (Module 7)

26問 • 1年前

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Form of energy released from nucleus. Produced in two ways: Fusion and Fission

Nuclear Energy

Fuel that is used in nuclear reactor to sustain a nuclear chain reaction. Source of energy by nuclear reactors. Energy released through nuclear fission.

Nuclear fuel

Substance that possess unique properties releated to their atomic structure. Used in nuclear technology and power generation.

Nuclear Materials

Two groups of Nuclear Materials

Primary group: Nuclear fuel, moderator, coolant Secondary group: structural and shielding materials

Capable of undergoing nuclear fission

Fissile materals

Most abundant isotope of uranium.

Uranium 238

Can be converted to uranium 233.

Thorium 232

Slow down fast neutron

Neutron Moderators (water, graphite)/Moderators

Reflect neutron back in core

Neutron Reflector (Water, Berrylium)

Absorb Neutrons & Control Nuclear Reaction

Control Rods (Cadmium, Boron)

Transfer heat away from core

Coolant (water, heavy water, liquid metals)

Sustain a controlled nuclear fission reaction in nuclear reactors.

Nuclear Fuel Material

Common types of Nuclear Fuel Materials

Uranium 235 Plutonium 239 Thorium 232

Industrial process to produce electricity from radioactive element. Starts with mining uranium and ends with disposal of fuel.

Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Versatile nuclear fuel pre-cursor used in blanket fuel applications due to its resistance in high temperatures.

Uranium Dioxide (UO2)

4 Processing stages of UO2

1. Mining & Milling 2. Conversion from yellow cake to gas 3. Enriching proportion of fissile isotope. 4. Fabrication of fuel

When uranium is refined to a concentrated product.

Yellow cake

A process wherein uranium is converted to a form for fuel fabrication/enrichment.

Conversion

Two methods of uranium enrichment process.

1. Gaseous Diffusion 2. Gas Centrifuge

Forcing gaseous UP6 through semi-permeable membranes to produce slight seperation.

Gaseous Diffusion

Involves rotating cylinders in series & parallel for motions.

Gas Centrifuge

Fabricated fuel assemblies are loaded into nuclear reactor for irridation of nuclear fuels.

Reactor operation

Initiated by bombarding a fissile atom. Atom splits into two smaller atoms.

The Fission Process.

Strategy by nuclear power plants for optimum safety, involving multiple safety systems. Includes high quality design & construction

Defence-in-depth

Core aspects of strategy

Prevention Action Monitoring

Three fundamental safety functions

Reactivity Control Fuel Cooling Containment of Radioactive substance

NUCLEAR (Module 6)

Alexander Naje · 35問 · 1年前