Nutrition

Chaoter 9

Nutrition

74問 • 1年前Chaoter 9

Sedia Nyantee

通報

問題一覧

The spongy bone that is found within the ends of long bones is called

trabecular bone.

Which of the following is FALSE about trabecular bone?

comprises approximately 80% of the skeleton

The first period of rapid bone growth is

from birth to age 2.

Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled?

bone remodeling

Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called

osteoclasts.

In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining

blood calcium levels.

Around what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation?

A T-score between +1 (plus 1) and -1 (minus 1) on a DXA signifies

normal bone density.

Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5 (minus 1.5). What does her T-score indicate?

She has low bone mass.

Which component of the blood is essential in transporting oxygen to body cells?

erythrocytes

Which of the following is the MOST abundant mineral in our body?

calcium

Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium?

Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue.

Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium?

stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone

The average person will absorb no more than how many mg of calcium at one time?

500

Which of the following dairy foods would provide the most calcium?

8 ounces of regular yogurt

The fluid portion of the blood is called

plasma

The oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells is

hemoglobin

If a healthy individual were to consume too much calcium, which of the following would MOST likely occur?

excess calcium excreted in the feces

Which of the following organs is NOT involved in the synthesis of vitamin D?

heart

What catalyst converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to provitamin D3?

sunlight

The primary, active form of vitamin D in the human body is

calcitriol.

Which of the following is the primary dietary source of vitamin D in the United States?

fortified foods

Vitamin D toxicity is associated with

use of vitamin D supplements.

Prothrombin and other proteins critical in the coagulation of blood are synthesized with the assistance of the coenzyme

vitamin K.

People with diseases that result in the malabsorption of which nutrient are at risk for a vitamin D deficiency?

fat

Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with

osteomalacia.

Which of the following is NOT associated with poor vitamin D status?

fair skin

Which of the following is an excellent source of vitamin K?

green leafy vegetables

Newborns receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because

newborns do not have enough mature GI flora to make vitamin K.

Low blood levels of folate or vitamin B12 are associated with

Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the

large intestine.

Formed in our bones, hydroxyapatite crystals are mineral complexes composed of calcium and

phosphorus

Which of the following foods are particularly high in phosphorus?

meats, milk, and eggs

When blood calcium levels fall, which of the following does NOT occur?

PTH and vitamin D stimulate osteoblasts to break down bone.

Most of the body's phosphorus is stored in

the skeleton

Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium?

beans

How can we increase our absorption of dietary magnesium?

eat a high-protein diet

The majority of our body's fluoride is stored in

the bones and teeth

Fluorosis is associated with

excessive intake of fluoride.

If copper levels are inadequate

iron can accumulate in body tissues.

The majority of the body's magnesium is found in the

bones

Why does folate or vitamin B 12 deficiency lead to macrocytic anemia?

because poor DNA synthesis will impair blood cells' ability to divide

The hormone that is produced in response to falling blood calcium levels and that stimulates the activation of vitamin D is

parathyroid hormone (PTH).

An individual who consumes no animal-based foods of any kind, no fortified foods, and no supplements is at increased risk for

macrocytic anemia

Phosphorus consumption has increased over the past 30 years. This is largely due to the increased consumption of

processed foods.

The point in life at which our bones are the densest is referred to as

peak bone density.

The most abundant protein in the body is

collagen.

In the body, vitamin D is essential for

calcification of bone.

A person suffering from osteomalacia is prone to

bone fractures

Which of the following statements about vitamin K is TRUE?

There is no RDA for vitamin K.

Which of the following are two fat-soluble vitamins that humans obtain from non-dietary sources?

D and K

The type of cell responsible for the resorption of bone is

osteoclast

A child with mild fluorosis would MOST likely show which of the following symptoms?

white patches on the teeth

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets travel in

plasma

A vitamin D deficiency in childhood may result in which disease characterized by inadequate mineralization

rickets

Which of the following is NOT a proposed factor associated with the increase in vitamin D deficiency among Americans?

the increased consumption of soft drinks

Which of the following plant sources of calcium has the lowest bioavailability?

spinach

Which of the following practices would decrease your risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency?

Consume a diet that provides at least 600 IU of vitamin D per day.

The bioavailability of calcium from spinach is limited because of the leafy green's

high levels of oxalates.

Inadequate levels of blood calcium can cause

convulsions.

The iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells is

myoglobin

Found in meat, poultry, and fish, the meat factor

enhances absorption of non-heme iron.

Which of the following is NOT a common storage site in the body for iron?

kidney

Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that continues to bleed. Which of the following deficiencies is MOST likely to be causing this increased bleeding?

vitamin K

Which of the following BEST explains why Denise has low iron absorption?

She regularly takes antacids.

Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following

He should drink a glass of orange juice with his breakfast cereal.

Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect which of the following?

iron stores

Which of the following is associated with increased absorption of zinc?

adolescence

Zinc is a trace mineral that plays a critical role in

metabolism, gene expression, and normal growth.

Consuming vitamin C enhances the body's absorption of which mineral?

iron

A deficiency of which of the following can result in a condition called macrocytic (or megaloblastic) anemia?

folate

Along with vitamin C, what mineral is important in the synthesis of collagen?

copper

Without vitamin C, collagen

chains cannot cross-link to form strong, stable strands.

Research suggests that taking supplemental vitamin C

can reduce the duration of colds.

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問題一覧

The spongy bone that is found within the ends of long bones is called

trabecular bone.

Which of the following is FALSE about trabecular bone?

comprises approximately 80% of the skeleton

The first period of rapid bone growth is

from birth to age 2.

Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled?

bone remodeling

Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called

osteoclasts.

In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining

blood calcium levels.

Around what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation?

A T-score between +1 (plus 1) and -1 (minus 1) on a DXA signifies

normal bone density.

Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5 (minus 1.5). What does her T-score indicate?

She has low bone mass.

Which component of the blood is essential in transporting oxygen to body cells?

erythrocytes

Which of the following is the MOST abundant mineral in our body?

calcium

Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium?

Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue.

Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium?

stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone

The average person will absorb no more than how many mg of calcium at one time?

500

Which of the following dairy foods would provide the most calcium?

8 ounces of regular yogurt

The fluid portion of the blood is called

plasma

The oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells is

hemoglobin

If a healthy individual were to consume too much calcium, which of the following would MOST likely occur?

excess calcium excreted in the feces

Which of the following organs is NOT involved in the synthesis of vitamin D?

heart

What catalyst converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to provitamin D3?

sunlight

The primary, active form of vitamin D in the human body is

calcitriol.

Which of the following is the primary dietary source of vitamin D in the United States?

fortified foods

Vitamin D toxicity is associated with

use of vitamin D supplements.

Prothrombin and other proteins critical in the coagulation of blood are synthesized with the assistance of the coenzyme

vitamin K.

People with diseases that result in the malabsorption of which nutrient are at risk for a vitamin D deficiency?

fat

Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with

osteomalacia.

Which of the following is NOT associated with poor vitamin D status?

fair skin

Which of the following is an excellent source of vitamin K?

green leafy vegetables

Newborns receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because

newborns do not have enough mature GI flora to make vitamin K.

Low blood levels of folate or vitamin B12 are associated with

Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the

large intestine.

Formed in our bones, hydroxyapatite crystals are mineral complexes composed of calcium and

phosphorus

Which of the following foods are particularly high in phosphorus?

meats, milk, and eggs

When blood calcium levels fall, which of the following does NOT occur?

PTH and vitamin D stimulate osteoblasts to break down bone.

Most of the body's phosphorus is stored in

the skeleton

Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium?

beans

How can we increase our absorption of dietary magnesium?

eat a high-protein diet

The majority of our body's fluoride is stored in

the bones and teeth

Fluorosis is associated with

excessive intake of fluoride.

If copper levels are inadequate

iron can accumulate in body tissues.

The majority of the body's magnesium is found in the

bones

Why does folate or vitamin B 12 deficiency lead to macrocytic anemia?

because poor DNA synthesis will impair blood cells' ability to divide

The hormone that is produced in response to falling blood calcium levels and that stimulates the activation of vitamin D is

parathyroid hormone (PTH).

An individual who consumes no animal-based foods of any kind, no fortified foods, and no supplements is at increased risk for

macrocytic anemia

Phosphorus consumption has increased over the past 30 years. This is largely due to the increased consumption of

processed foods.

The point in life at which our bones are the densest is referred to as

peak bone density.

The most abundant protein in the body is

collagen.

In the body, vitamin D is essential for

calcification of bone.

A person suffering from osteomalacia is prone to

bone fractures

Which of the following statements about vitamin K is TRUE?

There is no RDA for vitamin K.

Which of the following are two fat-soluble vitamins that humans obtain from non-dietary sources?

D and K

The type of cell responsible for the resorption of bone is

osteoclast

A child with mild fluorosis would MOST likely show which of the following symptoms?

white patches on the teeth

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets travel in

plasma

A vitamin D deficiency in childhood may result in which disease characterized by inadequate mineralization

rickets

Which of the following is NOT a proposed factor associated with the increase in vitamin D deficiency among Americans?

the increased consumption of soft drinks

Which of the following plant sources of calcium has the lowest bioavailability?

spinach

Which of the following practices would decrease your risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency?

Consume a diet that provides at least 600 IU of vitamin D per day.

The bioavailability of calcium from spinach is limited because of the leafy green's

high levels of oxalates.

Inadequate levels of blood calcium can cause

convulsions.

The iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells is

myoglobin

Found in meat, poultry, and fish, the meat factor

enhances absorption of non-heme iron.

Which of the following is NOT a common storage site in the body for iron?

kidney

Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that continues to bleed. Which of the following deficiencies is MOST likely to be causing this increased bleeding?

vitamin K

Which of the following BEST explains why Denise has low iron absorption?

She regularly takes antacids.

Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following

He should drink a glass of orange juice with his breakfast cereal.

Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect which of the following?

iron stores

Which of the following is associated with increased absorption of zinc?

adolescence

Zinc is a trace mineral that plays a critical role in

metabolism, gene expression, and normal growth.

Consuming vitamin C enhances the body's absorption of which mineral?

iron

A deficiency of which of the following can result in a condition called macrocytic (or megaloblastic) anemia?

folate

Along with vitamin C, what mineral is important in the synthesis of collagen?

copper

Without vitamin C, collagen

chains cannot cross-link to form strong, stable strands.

Research suggests that taking supplemental vitamin C

can reduce the duration of colds.