nutrition chapter 3

70問 • 1年前

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Which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

glucagon and insulin

Appetite is triggered by

environmental cues, such as the smell or taste of food.

Which physiological stimulus will trigger the sensation of hunger?

low glucose levels

Hunger is best described as

a physiological desire to consume food.

Assuming the Calories and relative sizes are similar, which of the following snacks wil the highest satiety value?

a hard-boiled egg

Which type of cells form the lining of the small intestine?

enterocytes

The smallest units of matter that normally CANNOT be broken down are

atoms.

The human body is organized into the following structural levels (smallest to largest)

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems.

Our genetic information, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), is located in the

nucleus.

Cell membranes are primarily composed of two layers of

phospholipids

The "powerhouse" of the cell that produces most of the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is/are the

mitochondria.

The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is

digestion.

What is the cephalic phase?

earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food

When the stomach is full, it can expand to hold approximately

1 gallon of food or water.

The primary function of mucus in the stomach is to

protect the stomach cells from gastric juice.

The chemical environment of the stomach is

very acidic.

Where in your body does the majority of the digestion and absorption of food occur?

small intestine

Bob eats his breakfast, and his GI tract will now begin the process of digesting and absorbing the nutrients from this meal. What is the order in which each of the organs of the GI tract will work to achieve this process?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of which nutrient in the mouth?

carbohydrates

What chemical in gastric juice kills bacteria you may have consumed?

hydrochloric acid (HCI)

What is chyme?

a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices

Which of the following does NOT occur in the stomach?

pancreatic enzymes digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

In the digestive system, bicarbonate

neutralizes acids.

The brush border is located in the

small intestine.

What is the name of the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine?

pyloric

Bile is released into which body organ in response to the consumption of fat?

small intestine

Bile is made up of

liver

Responding to the presence of protein and fat in our meal, cholecystokinin (CCK) signals the gallbladder to release a substance called

bile.

Which organ is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?

pancreas

Which of the following enables the cell membrane to remain flexible?

cholesterol

In the small intestine, fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed by

lacteals

Water-soluble nutrients stored in blood are routed directly from the small intestine through the portal vein to the

liver

After you eat a meal of a cheeseburger with French fries and a chocolate milk shake, the fat in the meal

is digested by lingual, gastric, and pancreatic lipases.

The enzyme pancreatic amylase continues the digestion of

carbohydrate

Which of the body's systems directs and coordinates the interrelated activities of the gastrointestinal tract?

the neuromuscular system

The nerves in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as the

enteric nervous system.

Which of the following is recommended to prevent symptoms

taking an antacid before eating a meal

Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment approach for someone suffering from GERD?

losing weight and quitting smoking

The first part of the small intestine is the

duodenum.

What is the region of the brain where physiological signals are translated into the message to seek food due to hunger?

hypothalamus

The chemical messengers that are secreted by glands, enter the bloodstream, and travel to distant target sites to regulate their functions are known as

hormones.

Mechanical digestion begins in the

mouth

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth

The tiny flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea is called the

epiglottis.

The wavelike contractions that move food along the length of the GI tract are called

peristalsis.

The structure of the brush border aids digestion by

increasing the small intestine's absorptive capacity.

The small intestine is described as "small" because

it is only an inch in diameter.

Inside each villus of the small intestine are capillaries and a small lymph vessel called a(n)

lacteal.

A painful sensation in the chest that results from gastric juices seeping back up into the esophagus is called

gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Which component of the gastrointestinal system can synthesize certain vitamins?

GI flora

Which of the following foods or beverages is considered safe to consume when traveling to high-risk foreign destinations?

coffee and tea

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following allows facilitated diffusion of nutrients across the enterocyte membrane?

protein

Where is the gallbladder located?

beneath the liver

The pancreas is located

behind the stomach.

The conversion of the mass of undigested material into feces occurs in the

large intestine.

Peristalsis is controlled by the

enteric nervous system.

Which of the following is an example of the central nervous system's role in digestion?

The aroma of grilled foods triggers salivary cells to stimulate the salivary glands.

Which of the following is known as a "hunger hormone"?

ghrelin

Which of the following begins the process of denaturing proteins?

HCI

Orange juice has a pH of 4. What is its relative acidity compared to pure water, which has a pH of 7?

1,000 times more acidic

Which of the following statements about nutrient transport is TRUE?

Active transport enables certain nutrients to cross the enterocyte membrane against their concentration gradient.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

storage of bile

Peristalsis that begins in the small intestine and surges upwards results in

vomiting.

Colorectal cancer is

the third most common cancer in men and women.

Irritable bowel syndrome

may be due to conflicting messages between the central and enteric nervous systems.

Which of the following is the most common cause of an occasional bout of vomiting?

colorectal cancer

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed

into the lymphatic system and transported in lymph.

Which of the following commonly results from years of alcohol abuse?

Scar tissue develops in the liver, impairing its ability to filter toxins from the blood.

The hair-like projections on the enterocytes are known as

microvilli.

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問題一覧

Which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

glucagon and insulin

Appetite is triggered by

environmental cues, such as the smell or taste of food.

Which physiological stimulus will trigger the sensation of hunger?

low glucose levels

Hunger is best described as

a physiological desire to consume food.

Assuming the Calories and relative sizes are similar, which of the following snacks wil the highest satiety value?

a hard-boiled egg

Which type of cells form the lining of the small intestine?

enterocytes

The smallest units of matter that normally CANNOT be broken down are

atoms.

The human body is organized into the following structural levels (smallest to largest)

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems.

Our genetic information, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), is located in the

nucleus.

Cell membranes are primarily composed of two layers of

phospholipids

The "powerhouse" of the cell that produces most of the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is/are the

mitochondria.

The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is

digestion.

What is the cephalic phase?

earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food

When the stomach is full, it can expand to hold approximately

1 gallon of food or water.

The primary function of mucus in the stomach is to

protect the stomach cells from gastric juice.

The chemical environment of the stomach is

very acidic.

Where in your body does the majority of the digestion and absorption of food occur?

small intestine

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of which nutrient in the mouth?

carbohydrates

What chemical in gastric juice kills bacteria you may have consumed?

hydrochloric acid (HCI)

What is chyme?

a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices

Which of the following does NOT occur in the stomach?

pancreatic enzymes digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

In the digestive system, bicarbonate

neutralizes acids.

The brush border is located in the

small intestine.

What is the name of the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine?

pyloric

Bile is released into which body organ in response to the consumption of fat?

small intestine

Bile is made up of

liver

Responding to the presence of protein and fat in our meal, cholecystokinin (CCK) signals the gallbladder to release a substance called

bile.

Which organ is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?

pancreas

Which of the following enables the cell membrane to remain flexible?

cholesterol

In the small intestine, fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed by

lacteals

Water-soluble nutrients stored in blood are routed directly from the small intestine through the portal vein to the

liver

After you eat a meal of a cheeseburger with French fries and a chocolate milk shake, the fat in the meal

is digested by lingual, gastric, and pancreatic lipases.

The enzyme pancreatic amylase continues the digestion of

carbohydrate

Which of the body's systems directs and coordinates the interrelated activities of the gastrointestinal tract?

the neuromuscular system

The nerves in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as the

enteric nervous system.

Which of the following is recommended to prevent symptoms

taking an antacid before eating a meal

Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment approach for someone suffering from GERD?

losing weight and quitting smoking

The first part of the small intestine is the

duodenum.

What is the region of the brain where physiological signals are translated into the message to seek food due to hunger?

hypothalamus

The chemical messengers that are secreted by glands, enter the bloodstream, and travel to distant target sites to regulate their functions are known as

hormones.

Mechanical digestion begins in the

mouth

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth

The tiny flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea is called the

epiglottis.

The wavelike contractions that move food along the length of the GI tract are called

peristalsis.

The structure of the brush border aids digestion by

increasing the small intestine's absorptive capacity.

The small intestine is described as "small" because

it is only an inch in diameter.

Inside each villus of the small intestine are capillaries and a small lymph vessel called a(n)

lacteal.

A painful sensation in the chest that results from gastric juices seeping back up into the esophagus is called

gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Which component of the gastrointestinal system can synthesize certain vitamins?

GI flora

Which of the following foods or beverages is considered safe to consume when traveling to high-risk foreign destinations?

coffee and tea

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following allows facilitated diffusion of nutrients across the enterocyte membrane?

protein

Where is the gallbladder located?

beneath the liver

The pancreas is located

behind the stomach.

The conversion of the mass of undigested material into feces occurs in the

large intestine.

Peristalsis is controlled by the

enteric nervous system.

Which of the following is an example of the central nervous system's role in digestion?

The aroma of grilled foods triggers salivary cells to stimulate the salivary glands.

Which of the following is known as a "hunger hormone"?

ghrelin

Which of the following begins the process of denaturing proteins?

HCI

Orange juice has a pH of 4. What is its relative acidity compared to pure water, which has a pH of 7?

1,000 times more acidic

Which of the following statements about nutrient transport is TRUE?

Active transport enables certain nutrients to cross the enterocyte membrane against their concentration gradient.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

storage of bile

Peristalsis that begins in the small intestine and surges upwards results in

vomiting.

Colorectal cancer is

the third most common cancer in men and women.

Irritable bowel syndrome

may be due to conflicting messages between the central and enteric nervous systems.

Which of the following is the most common cause of an occasional bout of vomiting?

colorectal cancer

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed

into the lymphatic system and transported in lymph.

Which of the following commonly results from years of alcohol abuse?

Scar tissue develops in the liver, impairing its ability to filter toxins from the blood.

The hair-like projections on the enterocytes are known as

microvilli.