問題一覧
1
Which of the following is a molecule that combines with an enzyme to activate it and help it do its job?
a coenzyme
2
What is the primary role of the B-vitamins?
act as coenzymes
3
A compound called TPP activates an enzyme critical in carbohydrate metabolism. TPP is
a coenzyme.
4
The first B-vitamin discovered was
thiamin.
5
Which statement regarding thiamin is TRUE?
Thiamin acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids.
6
A person suffering from fatigue, muscle wasting, reduced cognitive function, and paralysis is most likely to have which of the following conditions?
beriberi
7
Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?
a bowl of whole-grain cereal
8
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with the decreased absorption and utilization of
thiamin
9
Which of these micronutrients is destroyed by exposure to light?
riboflavin
10
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra?
dizziness
11
Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan?
niacin
12
What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity?
flushing
13
How is vitamin B6 important in the metabolism of amino acids?
It plays a critical role in transamination.
14
Pellagra results from a deficiency of
niacin
15
Good sources of riboflavin include
milk, meats, and green vegetables.
16
The primary sources of folate in the American diet are
enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products.
17
Which of the following is NOT a key role of folate during embryonic development?
maintenance of amniotic fluid
18
A toxicity of folate can disguise a deficiency of which nutrient, resulting in nerve damage?
vitamin B12
19
Vitamin B12 is essential for the proper functioning of which type of cells?
nerve
20
High concentrations of homocysteine in the blood are associated with the development of
cardiovascular disease.
21
Which of the following are excellent sources of folate?
ready-to-eat cereals and breads
22
A deficiency of which micronutrient may result in small red blood cells with inadequate hemoglobin?
choline
23
The chronic overconsumption of which of the following foods can result in a biotin deficiency?
raw egg whites
24
Which of the following is NOT a vitamin?
choline
25
A lack of dietary iodine during pregnancy is the primary cause of which of the following medical conditions, worldwide?
cretinism
26
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of which kind of hormones?
thyroid hormones
27
A goiter can result from
too much or too little iodine in the diet.
28
Chromium assists in the transport of which of the following to the cells?
glucose
29
There is neither an RDA or an Al for
sulfur.
30
Hydrogen gas (H2) is an example of
molecule.
31
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
negative
32
A chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is known as
oxidation.
33
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
Our body has no mechanism to stabilize free radicals.
34
Free radicals
can damage the integrity of cell membranes.
35
Which of the following act as cofactors in antioxidant enzyme systems?
antioxidant minerals
36
Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage?
osteoporosis
37
The most potent form of vitamin E is
alpha-tocopherol.
38
Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
vitamin C
39
Jane takes anticoagulant medication daily to prevent blood clots. Which vitamin must she avoid taking in excess of the RDA because it could interact with the medication and cause uncontrollable bleeding?
vitamin E
40
About 90 percent of vitamin E is stored in
adipose tissue.
41
To consume the highest level of vitamin E, what should Hari spread on his toast?
peanut butter
42
A deficiency of which of the following can result in erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia?
vitamin E
43
Which of the following statements concerning vitamin C is Which of the following statements concerning vitamin C is
Vitamin C helps protect smokers' lungs from oxidative damage prompted by tobacco smoke
44
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the mineral selenium?
Selenium is present only in foods of animal origin.
45
How much beta-carotene is considered equivalent to one unit of vitamin A?
twelve units
46
Beta-carotene is a precursor of
retinol.
47
Beta-carotene is
an antioxidant phytochemical.
48
MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the
liver
49
Vitamin A plays an essential role in the human body in
maintaining healthy vision.
50
The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is
rhodopsin.
51
Which of the following lunches would provide the MOST preformed vitamin A?
an egg-salad sandwich and a glass of whole milk
52
Diseases that cause the malabsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of
vitamin A
53
Which of the following provides more than the RDA of vitamin A?
cup of cooked carrots
54
Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A?
They contain abundant beta-carotene, a precursor of retinol.
55
What cells enable us see in different colors?
cone cells
56
Rod cells use retinol from the bloodstream to
replace the retinal lost during bleaching.
57
To treat her moderate acne, Rita's dermatologist is most likely to give her a prescription for
Retin-A.