nutrition chapter 6

60問 • 1年前

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What element present in protein is NOT present in carbohydrate or fat?

nitrogen

What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?

the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell

Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule?

a fatty acid group

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

side chain

The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is the

amine group

In phenylketonuria (PKU), which amino acid becomes conditionally essential?

tyrosine

A polypeptide consist of a string of how many amino acids?

ten or more

The distinctive spiral or pleated sheet of a protein is known as its________ structure.

secondary

A complete protein

contains all 9 essential amino acids.

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called

transamination.

Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is released as a by-product of this process?

water

Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein?

chicken

Cream stiffens when it is whipped. The change that occurs in the protein is called

denaturation.

In what cell structure are amino acids assembled into proteins?

ribosomes

Most of the proteins in the body are synthesized from

twenty amino acids.

The process in which messenger RNA (mRNA) copies genetic information from DNA before carrying it to the ribosome is called

transcription.

Which of the following plant-based foods provides the MOST complete protein?

soymilk

Of the 20 amino acids used by the human body, how many are considered nonessential?

Which of the following chemicals can be made of amino acids, is stored in glands, and is secreted into the bloodstream to regulate body functions?

hormone

In the body, protein buffers are very important in

maintaining acid-base balance in the body.

Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?

providing energy to the blood cells and brain

Which of the following is an amino-acid containing hormone?

insulin

Which of the following proteins are critical to the body's defense against bacteria and viruses?

antobodies

Proteases are

enzymes

Conduction of nerve signals and contraction of muscles depends on the proper balance of

electrolytes

Which of the following statements about the role of hydrochloric acid (HCI) is FALSE?

HCl inhibits the digestion of protein by denaturing pepsin.

Significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the

stomach

The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called

mutual supplementation.

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?

a woman who is six months pregnant

To conserve body protein for its vital functions and not use it to provide energy, you should

eat adequate amounts of carbohydrate and fat.

Which of the following nutrients is MOST likely to be deficient in a vegan diet?

vitamin B12

The type of vegetarian who eats vegetables, grains, fruits, eggs, and milk but excludes all other types of animal protein is called a

lacto-ovo-vegetarian.

The type of protein-energy malnutrition prompted by a low-protein diet and dysfunctional GI flora is called

kwashiorkor.

During the process of protein synthesis, what is the step in Which mRNA is decoded into an amino acid sequence at the cell's ribosome?

translation

The absorption of amino acids occurs in the

small intestine.

An acid-base imbalance can result in

coma and death.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves.

Which of the following statements about a high protein diet is TRUE?

A diet high in protein does not have to be high in saturated fat.

Willa follows a vegan diet. Which of the following does she eat?

whole-grain bread dipped in olive oil

A well-planned vegetarian diet reduces the risk for which of the following conditions?

obesity

Which of the following is NOT associated with kwashiorkor?

flat belly and abdomen

Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of

antioxidants.

Which hormone controls both the production of HCl and the release of pepsin?

gastrin

The enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine are

proteases.

The electrically charged particle that assists in maintaining the body's fluid balance is called a(n)

electrolyte.

The positively charged electrolyte concentrated inside the cell is potassium, and the positively charged electrolyte concentrated outside the cell is

sodium

A deficiency of protein can lead to what condition in which fluid accumulates in the body's tissue spaces?

edema

When a protein attracts or releases hydrogen, it acts as a

buffer

substance usually a protein— that the body recognizes as a foreign invader, triggering an immune response is an

antigen

Which of the following is an excellent source of protein that includes foods such as kidney beans, pinto beans, black beans, soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas?

legumes

Lipoproteins and transferrin act as

transport proteins.

Which of the following processes involves both the synthesis of new proteins and the breakdown of existing proteins to amino acids?

turnover

Which of the following foods, when combined, provide the amino acids to make a complete protein?

tofu and broccoli with almonds

As compared to the consumption of the same number of Calories in plant proteins, the production of beef releases more

methane.

Carlos is a healthy but sedentary college student. He weighs 175 pounds. About how many grams of protein should he consume each day?

64 grams

Which of the following statements about dietary protein intake is TRUE?

Athletes have higher protein needs than sedentary adults.

The USDA Food Patterns counts 1/3 cup of nuts as equivalent to

one ounce of meat.

Sheldon consumes mostly fruits, legumes and other vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds, but he often eats eggs, yogurt, and cheese as well. Once or twice a week, he eats a meal containing meat, poultry, and/or fish. Sheldon consumes a

plant-based diet.

Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins

is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.

The process by which cells use genes to make proteins is called

gene expression.

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問題一覧

What element present in protein is NOT present in carbohydrate or fat?

nitrogen

What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?

the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell

Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule?

a fatty acid group

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

side chain

The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is the

amine group

In phenylketonuria (PKU), which amino acid becomes conditionally essential?

tyrosine

A polypeptide consist of a string of how many amino acids?

ten or more

The distinctive spiral or pleated sheet of a protein is known as its________ structure.

secondary

A complete protein

contains all 9 essential amino acids.

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called

transamination.

Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is released as a by-product of this process?

water

Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein?

chicken

Cream stiffens when it is whipped. The change that occurs in the protein is called

denaturation.

In what cell structure are amino acids assembled into proteins?

ribosomes

Most of the proteins in the body are synthesized from

twenty amino acids.

The process in which messenger RNA (mRNA) copies genetic information from DNA before carrying it to the ribosome is called

transcription.

Which of the following plant-based foods provides the MOST complete protein?

soymilk

Of the 20 amino acids used by the human body, how many are considered nonessential?

Which of the following chemicals can be made of amino acids, is stored in glands, and is secreted into the bloodstream to regulate body functions?

hormone

In the body, protein buffers are very important in

maintaining acid-base balance in the body.

Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?

providing energy to the blood cells and brain

Which of the following is an amino-acid containing hormone?

insulin

Which of the following proteins are critical to the body's defense against bacteria and viruses?

antobodies

Proteases are

enzymes

Conduction of nerve signals and contraction of muscles depends on the proper balance of

electrolytes

Which of the following statements about the role of hydrochloric acid (HCI) is FALSE?

HCl inhibits the digestion of protein by denaturing pepsin.

Significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the

stomach

The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called

mutual supplementation.

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?

a woman who is six months pregnant

To conserve body protein for its vital functions and not use it to provide energy, you should

eat adequate amounts of carbohydrate and fat.

Which of the following nutrients is MOST likely to be deficient in a vegan diet?

vitamin B12

The type of vegetarian who eats vegetables, grains, fruits, eggs, and milk but excludes all other types of animal protein is called a

lacto-ovo-vegetarian.

The type of protein-energy malnutrition prompted by a low-protein diet and dysfunctional GI flora is called

kwashiorkor.

During the process of protein synthesis, what is the step in Which mRNA is decoded into an amino acid sequence at the cell's ribosome?

translation

The absorption of amino acids occurs in the

small intestine.

An acid-base imbalance can result in

coma and death.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves.

Which of the following statements about a high protein diet is TRUE?

A diet high in protein does not have to be high in saturated fat.

Willa follows a vegan diet. Which of the following does she eat?

whole-grain bread dipped in olive oil

A well-planned vegetarian diet reduces the risk for which of the following conditions?

obesity

Which of the following is NOT associated with kwashiorkor?

flat belly and abdomen

Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of

antioxidants.

Which hormone controls both the production of HCl and the release of pepsin?

gastrin

The enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine are

proteases.

The electrically charged particle that assists in maintaining the body's fluid balance is called a(n)

electrolyte.

The positively charged electrolyte concentrated inside the cell is potassium, and the positively charged electrolyte concentrated outside the cell is

sodium

A deficiency of protein can lead to what condition in which fluid accumulates in the body's tissue spaces?

edema

When a protein attracts or releases hydrogen, it acts as a

buffer

substance usually a protein— that the body recognizes as a foreign invader, triggering an immune response is an

antigen

Which of the following is an excellent source of protein that includes foods such as kidney beans, pinto beans, black beans, soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas?

legumes

Lipoproteins and transferrin act as

transport proteins.

Which of the following processes involves both the synthesis of new proteins and the breakdown of existing proteins to amino acids?

turnover

Which of the following foods, when combined, provide the amino acids to make a complete protein?

tofu and broccoli with almonds

As compared to the consumption of the same number of Calories in plant proteins, the production of beef releases more

methane.

Carlos is a healthy but sedentary college student. He weighs 175 pounds. About how many grams of protein should he consume each day?

64 grams

Which of the following statements about dietary protein intake is TRUE?

Athletes have higher protein needs than sedentary adults.

The USDA Food Patterns counts 1/3 cup of nuts as equivalent to

one ounce of meat.

plant-based diet.

Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins

is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.

The process by which cells use genes to make proteins is called

gene expression.