暗記メーカー

暗記メーカー

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part 2

part 2
101問 • 2年前
  • Butter 張國榮
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    a photocopy of sample using ink in order to record the surface structure of food sample especially baked goods in order to determine holes or carbon dioxide were formed

    Ink Imprinting / Xerography

  • 2

    during the sample preparation of ink imprinting

    cut creating flat surface, freeze soft breads

  • 3

    several features of a sample using camera

    photography

  • 4

    how a camera works

    rays of light enter focus on mirror to form image

  • 5

    setting that affect image quality

    aperture, shutter speed, ISO

  • 6

    size of the hole which light travels through

    aperture

  • 7

    high aperture means

    the depth of field lowers

  • 8

    how much light comes in the camera

    shutter speed

  • 9

    less light enters when

    shutter speed is faster

  • 10

    slow shutter with moving subject

    malabo

  • 11

    fast shutter speed

    malinaw

  • 12

    when subject is stationary the quality relies on the

    amount of light

  • 13

    changes the sensitivity of the sensor

    ISO

  • 14

    brighter image tends to create

    high ISO, high noise

  • 15

    when publishing edited photos

    all edits made must be declared

  • 16

    factors to consider when taking specimen images

    orientation of specimen / angle, ratio/size, background material and color, luminance, framing, overlays

  • 17

    measurement of color itself

    colorimetry

  • 18

    used to match a color of a sample with a given system

    stimulimeters

  • 19

    commonly used color systems

    lovibond tintometer, munsell color system, cie color system

  • 20

    stimulimeter in munsell system is writter

    H, V/C

  • 21

    device in which the color of a sample is compared to a standard or a series of standards

    Color comparators

  • 22

    a quantitative instrument in colorimetry

    color absorptometer

  • 23

    2 types of absorptometers (LAB)

    filter photometers, spectrophotometers

  • 24

    measurement of light transmitted or reflected from an object in comparison with an incident light

    filter photometers

  • 25

    used to estimate the proportion of light transmitted to the beamed light (UV-VIS) ; costly

    spectrophotometers

  • 26

    based on color signals that retina detects L, a, b, system

    Hunter system

  • 27

    measurement of changes in air humidity

    Hygrometry

  • 28

    measures RH and Aw indirectly

    hygrometer

  • 29

    RH : property of the surrounding atmosphere ; __ : property of the food product

    Aw

  • 30

    __ : property of the surrounding atmosphere ; Aw : property of the food product

    RH

  • 31

    RH / 100

    Aw at equilibrium

  • 32

    measured to determine equilibrium RH

    Aw

  • 33

    uses a sensor that measures conductance or resistance

    electric hygrometer

  • 34

    determine RH

    sling psychrometers

  • 35

    used to determine of solutes present in a solution

    densimetry

  • 36

    density may be measured

    pycnometric, buoyancy

  • 37

    used for solid samples; a small glass container that contains a specific volume of lquid at a specific temperature

    pycnometer

  • 38

    what should be considered during pycnometer use

    weight of empty pycnometer, weight of pycnometer with the sample

  • 39

    buoyant glass instrument used to measure the specific gravity of a liquid immersed in the liquid sample and the stem is allowed to rise vertically it will stop floating/sinking once the effect of the liquid on the immersed volume = weight of the float

    hydrometer

  • 40

    for solids, ______ is obtained by weighing the sample and obtaining its volume

    density

  • 41

    volume may be determined through several ways

    actual measurements of dimensions, water or seed displacement, filling a container of knwon volume

  • 42

    internal friction of liquid or fluid molecules; the resistance to flow

    viscosity

  • 43

    relation to jellying ability, gel strength, emulsifying ability

    viscosity

  • 44

    bostwick consistometer is comparable with brookfield viscometer

    False

  • 45

    viscosity is expressed as viscosity coefficient

    viscometry

  • 46

    most common which measures time of flow through a fluid of a standard orifice ; prone to human error

    Bostwick consistometer

  • 47

    one of the most common in viscometry which measures resistance of a fluid to mixing by a spindle

    Brookfield viscometer

  • 48

    measures velocity where a sphere of known radius or a needle falls through a sample

    Hoeppler viscometer

  • 49

    measures spread of a fluid given a specified length of time; prone to human error

    Line spread test

  • 50

    measures the time it takes until a steady stream of liquid comes out of a hole

    Zahn viscosity cup

  • 51

    concerned with resistance to force in relation to solid objects

    texture

  • 52

    Examples of Texturometers

    penetrometer, warner-bratzler shear press, all-purpose shear press, bloom gelometer

  • 53

    measure softness and hardness - distance travelled by a needle in a given time using gravity

    penetrometer

  • 54

    measures force required to shear a sample

    warner-bratzler shear press

  • 55

    measures compressibility, extrusion properties, and shear

    all-purpose shear press

  • 56

    modified penetrometer used for gels

    bloom gelometer

  • 57

    measures force required to flatten a food sample

    compressimeter

  • 58

    depicts gluten development, measures texture changes during mixing of doughs and batters

    farinograph

  • 59

    measure tenderness of baked products

    shortograph

  • 60

    measures hardness, cohesiveness, and crushability

    texturometer

  • 61

    measures comparative tenderness of meat and other foods by simulating chewing action

    masticometer

  • 62

    measurement of thermodynamic properties in which heat is involved

    thermal analysis

  • 63

    a sample and a reference undergoes a similar thermal cycles while recording temperature differences; plotted against time and temperature; changes in the sample whether endothermic and exothermic is detected - glass transition, crystallization, melting, sublimation

    Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

  • 64

    measuring energy; difference in the amount of heat required to increase th temperature of a sample and a reference is plotted as a function of temperature; the zero temperature difference between materials is maintained; reference material should have defined heat capacity

    Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

  • 65

    Which is more suitable in determining characteristic temperatures

    DTA

  • 66

    Which is more suitable in determining caloric values such as heat of fusion or heat of crystallization

    DSC

  • 67

    light rays are bent or refracted when light passes through 2 objects with different densities

    refractometry

  • 68

    used to determine total soluble solids

    refractometer

  • 69

    Refractometers can be calibrated with different compounds at specific temperatures

    False

  • 70

    process of measuring temperature

    Thermometry

  • 71

    measurement of hotness or coldness of an object

    Temperature

  • 72

    indicaes thermal energy amount of an object

    Temperature

  • 73

    a type of thermometer based on thermal expansion of subtances wherein upon exposure to heat, the liquid in the capillary expands and upon cooling, liquid expands

    Liquid-in-glass thermometers

  • 74

    formed by two types of wires of different metals meeting to form 2 junctions - measuring probe and reference probe

    Thermocouple

  • 75

    uses a lens to focus infrared light emitted by the device to a detector (thermophile)

    Infrared thermometer

  • 76

    methods based on the interactions of matter and radiative energy with electromagnetic radiation as the most widely used form

    Spectroscopy

  • 77

    higher wavelength means

    lower energy

  • 78

    based on the measurement of radiation as a function of wavelength

    Absorption Spectroscopy

  • 79

    relationship of Po (light) and P (resultant) is expressed as

    transmittance

  • 80

    transmittance is not directly proportional to concentration

    True

  • 81

    this is used instead of transmittance in determining the concentration of a sample

    absorbance

  • 82

    the relationship of absorbance and concentration is governed by the

    Beer-Lambert's Law

  • 83

    the path length (b) of light in the Beer-Lambert's Law is constant

    1 cm

  • 84

    high concentration means

    high absorbance

  • 85

    Beer-Lambert's Law: single wavelength

    True

  • 86

    Beer-Lambert's Law: absorbing species depend on each other

    False

  • 87

    Beer-Lambert's Law: have rays perpendicular to the surface of the absorbing medium

    False

  • 88

    Beer-Lambert's Law: path length is uniform over the cross section of the beam

    True

  • 89

    Beer-Lambert's Law: homogenous absorbing medium; does not scatter radiation

    True

  • 90

    General Instrumentation of of UV-VIS Sprectophotmeter (in order)

    Light Source, Monochromator, Sample Cell, Detector, Readout

  • 91

    selects the wavelength of light

    monochromator

  • 92

    Electromagnetic Radiation used is for the ______ spectrum

    UV - Vis

  • 93

    UV - Vis spectrum (___ - ___ nm)

    200 - 700

  • 94

    most common spectroscopic method used

    UV - Vis

  • 95

    solvent used must be transparent in the wavelength where measurements are done

    True

  • 96

    these solvent commonly cause problem in spectroscopic method determination process

    polar non aqueous

  • 97

    solvent low of transparency

    Acetone

  • 98

    most applicable solven for transparency as it is not detected

    Water

  • 99

    Light Source: __________ : visible spectrum ; Deuterium Lamp : UV spectrum

    Tungsten Filament Lamp

  • 100

    For the sample cell, a cuvette made of ________ must be used on the UV range

    Quartz / fused silica

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    a photocopy of sample using ink in order to record the surface structure of food sample especially baked goods in order to determine holes or carbon dioxide were formed

    Ink Imprinting / Xerography

  • 2

    during the sample preparation of ink imprinting

    cut creating flat surface, freeze soft breads

  • 3

    several features of a sample using camera

    photography

  • 4

    how a camera works

    rays of light enter focus on mirror to form image

  • 5

    setting that affect image quality

    aperture, shutter speed, ISO

  • 6

    size of the hole which light travels through

    aperture

  • 7

    high aperture means

    the depth of field lowers

  • 8

    how much light comes in the camera

    shutter speed

  • 9

    less light enters when

    shutter speed is faster

  • 10

    slow shutter with moving subject

    malabo

  • 11

    fast shutter speed

    malinaw

  • 12

    when subject is stationary the quality relies on the

    amount of light

  • 13

    changes the sensitivity of the sensor

    ISO

  • 14

    brighter image tends to create

    high ISO, high noise

  • 15

    when publishing edited photos

    all edits made must be declared

  • 16

    factors to consider when taking specimen images

    orientation of specimen / angle, ratio/size, background material and color, luminance, framing, overlays

  • 17

    measurement of color itself

    colorimetry

  • 18

    used to match a color of a sample with a given system

    stimulimeters

  • 19

    commonly used color systems

    lovibond tintometer, munsell color system, cie color system

  • 20

    stimulimeter in munsell system is writter

    H, V/C

  • 21

    device in which the color of a sample is compared to a standard or a series of standards

    Color comparators

  • 22

    a quantitative instrument in colorimetry

    color absorptometer

  • 23

    2 types of absorptometers (LAB)

    filter photometers, spectrophotometers

  • 24

    measurement of light transmitted or reflected from an object in comparison with an incident light

    filter photometers

  • 25

    used to estimate the proportion of light transmitted to the beamed light (UV-VIS) ; costly

    spectrophotometers

  • 26

    based on color signals that retina detects L, a, b, system

    Hunter system

  • 27

    measurement of changes in air humidity

    Hygrometry

  • 28

    measures RH and Aw indirectly

    hygrometer

  • 29

    RH : property of the surrounding atmosphere ; __ : property of the food product

    Aw

  • 30

    __ : property of the surrounding atmosphere ; Aw : property of the food product

    RH

  • 31

    RH / 100

    Aw at equilibrium

  • 32

    measured to determine equilibrium RH

    Aw

  • 33

    uses a sensor that measures conductance or resistance

    electric hygrometer

  • 34

    determine RH

    sling psychrometers

  • 35

    used to determine of solutes present in a solution

    densimetry

  • 36

    density may be measured

    pycnometric, buoyancy

  • 37

    used for solid samples; a small glass container that contains a specific volume of lquid at a specific temperature

    pycnometer

  • 38

    what should be considered during pycnometer use

    weight of empty pycnometer, weight of pycnometer with the sample

  • 39

    buoyant glass instrument used to measure the specific gravity of a liquid immersed in the liquid sample and the stem is allowed to rise vertically it will stop floating/sinking once the effect of the liquid on the immersed volume = weight of the float

    hydrometer

  • 40

    for solids, ______ is obtained by weighing the sample and obtaining its volume

    density

  • 41

    volume may be determined through several ways

    actual measurements of dimensions, water or seed displacement, filling a container of knwon volume

  • 42

    internal friction of liquid or fluid molecules; the resistance to flow

    viscosity

  • 43

    relation to jellying ability, gel strength, emulsifying ability

    viscosity

  • 44

    bostwick consistometer is comparable with brookfield viscometer

    False

  • 45

    viscosity is expressed as viscosity coefficient

    viscometry

  • 46

    most common which measures time of flow through a fluid of a standard orifice ; prone to human error

    Bostwick consistometer

  • 47

    one of the most common in viscometry which measures resistance of a fluid to mixing by a spindle

    Brookfield viscometer

  • 48

    measures velocity where a sphere of known radius or a needle falls through a sample

    Hoeppler viscometer

  • 49

    measures spread of a fluid given a specified length of time; prone to human error

    Line spread test

  • 50

    measures the time it takes until a steady stream of liquid comes out of a hole

    Zahn viscosity cup

  • 51

    concerned with resistance to force in relation to solid objects

    texture

  • 52

    Examples of Texturometers

    penetrometer, warner-bratzler shear press, all-purpose shear press, bloom gelometer

  • 53

    measure softness and hardness - distance travelled by a needle in a given time using gravity

    penetrometer

  • 54

    measures force required to shear a sample

    warner-bratzler shear press

  • 55

    measures compressibility, extrusion properties, and shear

    all-purpose shear press

  • 56

    modified penetrometer used for gels

    bloom gelometer

  • 57

    measures force required to flatten a food sample

    compressimeter

  • 58

    depicts gluten development, measures texture changes during mixing of doughs and batters

    farinograph

  • 59

    measure tenderness of baked products

    shortograph

  • 60

    measures hardness, cohesiveness, and crushability

    texturometer

  • 61

    measures comparative tenderness of meat and other foods by simulating chewing action

    masticometer

  • 62

    measurement of thermodynamic properties in which heat is involved

    thermal analysis

  • 63

    a sample and a reference undergoes a similar thermal cycles while recording temperature differences; plotted against time and temperature; changes in the sample whether endothermic and exothermic is detected - glass transition, crystallization, melting, sublimation

    Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

  • 64

    measuring energy; difference in the amount of heat required to increase th temperature of a sample and a reference is plotted as a function of temperature; the zero temperature difference between materials is maintained; reference material should have defined heat capacity

    Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

  • 65

    Which is more suitable in determining characteristic temperatures

    DTA

  • 66

    Which is more suitable in determining caloric values such as heat of fusion or heat of crystallization

    DSC

  • 67

    light rays are bent or refracted when light passes through 2 objects with different densities

    refractometry

  • 68

    used to determine total soluble solids

    refractometer

  • 69

    Refractometers can be calibrated with different compounds at specific temperatures

    False

  • 70

    process of measuring temperature

    Thermometry

  • 71

    measurement of hotness or coldness of an object

    Temperature

  • 72

    indicaes thermal energy amount of an object

    Temperature

  • 73

    a type of thermometer based on thermal expansion of subtances wherein upon exposure to heat, the liquid in the capillary expands and upon cooling, liquid expands

    Liquid-in-glass thermometers

  • 74

    formed by two types of wires of different metals meeting to form 2 junctions - measuring probe and reference probe

    Thermocouple

  • 75

    uses a lens to focus infrared light emitted by the device to a detector (thermophile)

    Infrared thermometer

  • 76

    methods based on the interactions of matter and radiative energy with electromagnetic radiation as the most widely used form

    Spectroscopy

  • 77

    higher wavelength means

    lower energy

  • 78

    based on the measurement of radiation as a function of wavelength

    Absorption Spectroscopy

  • 79

    relationship of Po (light) and P (resultant) is expressed as

    transmittance

  • 80

    transmittance is not directly proportional to concentration

    True

  • 81

    this is used instead of transmittance in determining the concentration of a sample

    absorbance

  • 82

    the relationship of absorbance and concentration is governed by the

    Beer-Lambert's Law

  • 83

    the path length (b) of light in the Beer-Lambert's Law is constant

    1 cm

  • 84

    high concentration means

    high absorbance

  • 85

    Beer-Lambert's Law: single wavelength

    True

  • 86

    Beer-Lambert's Law: absorbing species depend on each other

    False

  • 87

    Beer-Lambert's Law: have rays perpendicular to the surface of the absorbing medium

    False

  • 88

    Beer-Lambert's Law: path length is uniform over the cross section of the beam

    True

  • 89

    Beer-Lambert's Law: homogenous absorbing medium; does not scatter radiation

    True

  • 90

    General Instrumentation of of UV-VIS Sprectophotmeter (in order)

    Light Source, Monochromator, Sample Cell, Detector, Readout

  • 91

    selects the wavelength of light

    monochromator

  • 92

    Electromagnetic Radiation used is for the ______ spectrum

    UV - Vis

  • 93

    UV - Vis spectrum (___ - ___ nm)

    200 - 700

  • 94

    most common spectroscopic method used

    UV - Vis

  • 95

    solvent used must be transparent in the wavelength where measurements are done

    True

  • 96

    these solvent commonly cause problem in spectroscopic method determination process

    polar non aqueous

  • 97

    solvent low of transparency

    Acetone

  • 98

    most applicable solven for transparency as it is not detected

    Water

  • 99

    Light Source: __________ : visible spectrum ; Deuterium Lamp : UV spectrum

    Tungsten Filament Lamp

  • 100

    For the sample cell, a cuvette made of ________ must be used on the UV range

    Quartz / fused silica