問題一覧
1
Which of the following is a direct physiologic function of Vitamin K?
Wound healing
2
Which of the following diseases is caused by Vitamin D deficiency in children?
Rickets
3
Which of the following forms of vitamin K is synthesized by the gut and contributes to majority of required daily intake?
Menaquinones
4
Most easily destroyed vitamin
Vitamin C
5
Synthesized by most plants and animals from glucose and galactose
Vitamin C
6
Vitamin C is better absorbed with ____ intake
Iron
7
Reduced active form of Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid
8
Oxidized form of Vitamin C
Dehydroascorbic Acid
9
Vitamin C forms
Collagen
10
Deficiency of Adults in Vitamin C
Scurvy
11
B1
Thiamine
12
B2
Riboflavin
13
B3
Niacin
14
Pantothenic Acid
B5
15
B6
Pyridoxine
16
Biotin
B7
17
Folate
B9
18
B12
Cobalamin
19
Vitamin Bs that are blood cell producing
B9 & B12
20
carbohydrate metabolism and neural function
Thiamin
21
Active form of Thiamin
Thiamin pyrophosphate
22
Sources of free thiamin
unpolished rice, whole grains, legumes, dried yeast, rice bran, wheat germ
23
Infants based on thiamin levels typically found in
milk
24
dry wet infantile deficiency associated with diets deficient in vit B1 but high in carbohydrates
Beriberi
25
Deficiency often due to chronic alcoholism
Wenicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
26
Essential for metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids // occurs as flavin enzyme
Riboflavin
27
helps break down fats and steroid hormones
Flavins
28
Refers to nicotinic acid and nicotinamide niacinamide
B3
29
Vitamin carried by red blod cells throughout the body which occurs as Coenzyme A & 4-phosphopantetheine
Vitamin B5
30
involved in release of energy from CHO, CHON, and Fat
Coenzyme A
31
Requirements for Vitamin B5 (men & women)
5 mg
32
Requirement for Vitamin B6
1.3 mg
33
Vitamin B7
Vitamin H
34
functions as carboxyl carrier in carboxylation reactions
Biotin
35
Vitamin B7 human requirement
30 mcg
36
Vitamin B9 human requirement
400 mcg
37
exhibit antipernicious anemia activity
Cobalamin
38
Cobalamin human requirement
2.4 mcg
39
Vitamin B12: Pernicious Anemia | Vitamin K:
Hemolytic Anemia
40
Which of the following does not require protein transporters such as chylomicrons to move around the body?
Vitamin C
41
Which of the following vitamins prevents neural tube defects?
Folate
42
Which of the following is another name for vitamim B6 which also aids in nerve health?
Pyrodixine
43
Which of the following B-vitamins does not direcrly contribute to red blood cell production?
All contribute to RBC production
44
An inorganic, non-carbon containing, crystalline, homogenous substance essential for human function
Minerals
45
Minerals make up ______% of total body weight
4-6%
46
Three Groups of Minerals
Macrominerals Microminerals Ultratrace
47
minerals present in the body in larger amounts >5g
Macrominerals
48
The following are Major Minerals except:
Iron
49
This essential mineral exist chiefly in the body in ionic state
Macrominerals
50
Macro minerals include
Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium
51
Microminerals include
Iron, Zinc, Iodine, Selenium, Copper, Manganese, Fluoride, Chromium , Molybdenum
52
This mineral is needed by the body in smaller amounts
Trace Minerals
53
Microminerals contain 1
1.5 to 27 mg or less
54
The following are Trace Minerals except:
Sulfur
55
Which of the following is a Macromineral
Chloride
56
Which of the following is a Micromineral
Iron
57
located in body fluid compartments
Macrominerals
58
Intracellular
K, Mg, Phosphate, Sulfate
59
Extracellular Macrominerals
Na, Cl
60
Functions of Macrominerals
Mainly function as electrolytes, Maintain Water Balance, Maintain stable electrochemical neutrality within the body, Regulate pH balance, Regulate osmotic pressure across membranes
61
primary regulator of fluid volume
Sodium
62
High amounts of this mineral triggers thirst associated with elevated blood pressure with a dietary recommendation to limit its intake
Sodium
63
Which of the following is FALSE
High sodium intake is associated with increased calcium absorption
64
Sources of Sodium
Table Salt, Protein Foods, Seafoods
65
Hyponatremia
muscle cramps, mental apathy, loss of appetite
66
Hypernatremia
edema, acute hypertension
67
low sodium in blood
Hyponatremia
68
high sodium in blood
Hypernatremia
69
part of HCL secreted in the stomach
Chloride
70
major intracellular cation which maintains normal heartbeat (muscle contraction) and nerve transmission
Potassium
71
Hypokalemia
muscle cramps, confusion, lost of appetite
72
Which of the following is caused by Hyperkalemia
irregular heartbeat
73
hypokalemia & hyperkalemia: potassium ; hypernatremia & hyponatremia
Sodium
74
hyponatremia & hypernatremia: sodium ; hypokalemia & hyperkalemia:
potassium
75
most abundant mineral in the body
Calcium
76
Calcium
bones and teeth, formation of hydroxyapatite, bone mineralization
77
Which of the following is a source of Calcium?
Tofu
78
Which of the following is not a high source of Calcium?
Corn
79
Hypercalcemia : Rigor ; Hypocalcemia :
Tetany
80
Hypocalcemia : Tetany ; Hypercalcemia :
Rigor
81
Phosphorus compatible with
Calcium, Vitamin D
82
Phosphorus
found in large amounts in hydroxyapatite of bones and teeth, part of DNA and RNA, stores energy as ATP, activates Vitamin B during energy metabolism, cell membrane structure, maintains acid-balance base
83
Sources of Phosphorus except
Celeries
84
Hypophosphatemia
weakness, bone fragility, tooth decay, stunting
85
Hyperphosphatemia
Tetany, Muscle Cramps, Tingling
86
indirectly participates in energy metabolism
Magnesium
87
Magnesium
participates in insulin release, normal nerve and heart functioning, participates in muscle contraction and blood clotting
88
Magnesium is high in these sources except
Margarine
89
Hypermagnesemia
Cardiac Irregularities, Muscle Flaccidity, Paralysis
90
Hypomagnesemia
Muscle Weakness, Tremors, Vomiting
91
found in protein molecules – technically not a mineral in our body
Sulfur
92
Sulfur
for synthesis of iron-sulfur proteins, structural molecules in cells, allow activity for insulin
93
protein molecules in Sulfur except
leucine
94
Sulfur sources
Meats, Eggs, Beans, Broccoli, Cauliflower