herpetology

27問 • 1年前

問題一覧

The earliest fossils assigned to Tetrapoda included ____ , ____ , ____ , and ____, all of which were completely aquatic but had four distinct limbs.

Elginerpeton, Ventastega, Acanthostega, Ichthyostega

During the ______, about 320Ma, the ancestors of modern reptiles (including birds) and mammals appeared.

Carboniferous

It is convergent with tetrapods in many respects, including having enlarged pectoral fins, and a flat, elongate snout. As a whole, fishes in this group (also including rhizodontids and osteolepidids) were ambush predators that lived in shallow waters.

Eusthenopteron

This large Middle Devonian sarcopterygian fish from Latvia that lived 385 million years ago is the best-known transitional prototetrapod.

Panderichthys

It had a flat head, long snout, and dorsally situated eyes dorsoventrally flattened, presumably lending strength for support of the body, although the fins have fin rays, not digits. A midline fin is present only on the tail. Panderichthys was a predatory fish that may have used its fins to “walk” in shallow freshwater swamps

Panderichthys

The recent discovery of many specimens of this elpistostegalian sarcopterygian from a single Late Devonian locality in Arctic Canada greatly improved our understanding of the transition to tetrapods within fishes.

Tiktaalik

This species may prove as significant as the well-known Archaeopteryx, a fossil that represents the divergence of birds within reptiles.

Tiktaalik

The robust forefin and pectoral girdle indicated that it was capable of supporting itself on the substrate. These features represent a radical departure from previously known, more primitive sarcopterygian fishes

Tiktaalik

❑Study of this best-known tetrapod changed our understanding of early tetrapod evolution.

Acanthostega

❑The forelimb clearly had eight digits, but the limb had no wrist bones or weight- bearing joints, thus showing that limbs with digits evolved while these animals lived in water and that they most likely did not have the ability to walk

Acanthostega

❑Acanthostega most likely lived in freshwater river

Acanthostega

This primitive Devonian tetrapod from Russia was described in 1984. Both the forelimb and hindlimb had six digits The robust shoulder joint and slender digits indicate that Tulerpeton was less aquatic than either Acanthostega or Ichthyostega.

Tulerpeton

The largest numbers of threatened species are in ____, _____, & _____,

Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador

although on islands in the Caribbean, including the ___, ____, _____, & _____ 80 to 90% of frog species are threatened or extinct

Dominican Republic, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti

Elaborate reproductive behavior, especially in Pipa, includes the performance by an amplexed pair of a series of aquatic somersaults (turnovers) that allows the male to fertilize the eggs prior to his rolling them onto the female’s back in Pipa.

Pipidae

amplexus lasts longer than 12 hours to allow morphological and physiological changes of dorsal skin. When the eggs roll onto the female’s back, they sink into the skin and eventually become fully embedded

Pipidae

In ____, development is direct, and toadlets “hatch” from their skin pocket

Pipidae

Adult ____ primarily dwell in leaf litter of tropical forests, and they breed in flowing water of streams. Amplexus is inguinal; eggs are laid in water and hatch into free-living larvae.

Megophryidae

❑Males are larger than females in these species, and they call underwater beneath large stones and appear to defend their nest sites. These characteristics indicate that these frogs may have a resource- defense mating system.

Megophryidae

Worldwide on all continents except Antarctica and Australia Rhinella marina has been introduced widely in the Caribbean, Oceania, Philippines, and Australia.

Bufonidae

reproduce using axillary amplexus; they typically deposit strings of pigmented eggs in water, and these hatch into free-living tadpoles. ❑The tadpoles develop quickly and generally metamorphose within 2 to 10 weeks of hatching.

Bufonidae

are a diverse group of frogs, varing from small, flattened forms, to large, robust species.

Dicroglossidae

The nasals are generally in broad contact with one another and with the frontoparietals. Vomerine teeth are present in dicroglossines but absent in occidozygines.

Dicroglossidae

Many ____ are typical pond breeders that deposit eggs in clumps or as surface films.

Ranidae

In general, rhacophorids are the Old World equivalent of New World tree frogs. They are arboreal and have enlarged toepads that aid in climbing through vegetation. ❑A recent study in 2009 by Jia-tang Li and colleagues examined reproductive mode in a phylogenetic context. ❑Direct development occurs in Philautus and Pseudophilautus, but they are not sister groups, thus indicating that direct development has evolved twice in rhacophorids. In contrast, frogs in three genera construct foam nests and those in another genus deposit eggs in a gelatinous mass with bubbles.

Rhacophoridae

____ inhabit forests although many tolerate degraded or disturbed forests. All deposit terrestrial eggs that have direct development. Some species of Playmantis are terrestrial whereas others are arboreal. The arboreal species have greatly expanded toepads.

Ceratobatrachidae

____ has fangs (odontoids) on its lower jaw, which may be used to subdue large prey.

Ceratobatrachidae

Wildlife lab

Wildlife lab

Wildlife lec

Wildlife lec

amphibians module 5

amphibians module 5

quiz bee

quiz bee

Wildlife lec finals

Wildlife lec finals

eme

eme

act 2

act 2

ppt

ppt

first quiz

first quiz

lec 1

lec 1

lec 2

lec 2

2nd quiz part 2

2nd quiz part 2

2nd quiz part 3

2nd quiz part 3

2nd quiz part 1

2nd quiz part 1

問題一覧

The earliest fossils assigned to Tetrapoda included ____ , ____ , ____ , and ____, all of which were completely aquatic but had four distinct limbs.

Elginerpeton, Ventastega, Acanthostega, Ichthyostega

During the ______, about 320Ma, the ancestors of modern reptiles (including birds) and mammals appeared.

Carboniferous

Eusthenopteron

This large Middle Devonian sarcopterygian fish from Latvia that lived 385 million years ago is the best-known transitional prototetrapod.

Panderichthys

Tiktaalik

This species may prove as significant as the well-known Archaeopteryx, a fossil that represents the divergence of birds within reptiles.

Tiktaalik

❑Study of this best-known tetrapod changed our understanding of early tetrapod evolution.

Acanthostega

❑Acanthostega most likely lived in freshwater river

Acanthostega

Tulerpeton

The largest numbers of threatened species are in ____, _____, & _____,

Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador

although on islands in the Caribbean, including the ___, ____, _____, & _____ 80 to 90% of frog species are threatened or extinct

Dominican Republic, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti

Pipidae

In ____, development is direct, and toadlets “hatch” from their skin pocket

Pipidae

Adult ____ primarily dwell in leaf litter of tropical forests, and they breed in flowing water of streams. Amplexus is inguinal; eggs are laid in water and hatch into free-living larvae.

Megophryidae

Worldwide on all continents except Antarctica and Australia Rhinella marina has been introduced widely in the Caribbean, Oceania, Philippines, and Australia.

Bufonidae

are a diverse group of frogs, varing from small, flattened forms, to large, robust species.

Dicroglossidae

The nasals are generally in broad contact with one another and with the frontoparietals. Vomerine teeth are present in dicroglossines but absent in occidozygines.

Dicroglossidae

Many ____ are typical pond breeders that deposit eggs in clumps or as surface films.

Ranidae

Rhacophoridae

Ceratobatrachidae

____ has fangs (odontoids) on its lower jaw, which may be used to subdue large prey.

Ceratobatrachidae