問題一覧
1
How do animals adapt to warm environment
1. Sweating 2. Panting 3. Saliva spreading 4. Retreating in caves of burrows 5. Dormancy (estivation) 6. higher Body To (eg. Camels: as high as 40°C) 7. Fur
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present in humans & chimpanzees
Sweat glands
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Sweating - duckbill platypus - deer - mice, rats, cats
snout, base of tail, paws
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- low volume - high in Hb - resists influx or outflow of H20 (helps during drastic dehydration) - blood flows normally even when the tissues are dehydrated - also helps in hypoxic montane habitats
Bilaminar, oval wafer
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How many advantages of high body temp. Cite one
1. Totally independent of environmental temperature (o°C - 45°C) 2. Faster CNS function (information acquisition, processing, and response) 3. Fast and coordinated biochemical reactions (enzyme-catalyzed) 5. Low muscular viscosity 6. cna be active at night
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How many advantages of high body temp. Cite one
Energy expensive - have to feed daily
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Nocturnal Existence
1. Big eyes 2. Packed with rods 3. Tapetum lucidum 4. Echolocation 5. Rely on sense of smell
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- thick reflective membrane (15 cells wide) - collects and re-emits light back to the retina - gives rods a second chance to absorb the image information, thus maximizing the little light available to them. As this light is reflected off the tapetum, the animal's eyes appear to glow.
Tapetum lucidum
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largest mammal living today; it is also the largest mammal to have ever lived.
Blue Whale
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An adult can grow nearly as long as three school buses and weigh over 400,000 pounds - as much as 24 African elephants.
Blue Whale
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The largest animal on land 3.96 m or 13ft at the shoulder & weighed over 12 tons
bull African Elephant
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The tallest animal on the planet is a 6.1m or 20 ft tall
Giraffes
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The smallest mammal in the world
Etruscan pygmy shrew (Suncus etruscus), Bumblebee bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai)
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Fastest animal on land 96 kph or 60 mph
Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus
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55.5kph or 34 mph Fastest mammal in the water
Killer Whale, Orcinus orca
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Fastest mammal in the air 25 kph or 15.5 mph
Big Brown Bat, Eptesicus fuscus
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Homo sapiens Longest lived mammals ___€: max life-span of 90 - 100 years
Fin Whale, Balaenoptera physalis
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the slowest mammal: < 1 mph
sloth
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largest land carnivore 4 feet high at the shoulder, ~8 feet long, Ave wt 1000 pounds (max of 1600)
Ursus maritimus/Ursus arctos
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longest hibernation (7-8 months)
Belding's Ground Squirrel
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Thickest skin _______: relative to body size, of any animal Skin on their backs & flanks: 2.5 cm or 1 inch
Rhinoceroses
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smelliest mammal
Mephitis mephitis, Ictonyx striatus
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Fastest Metabolism: Need to eat up to 1.3 times their own weight
Shrews
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Population density: >200,000 per hectare (2 mice/ m2)
House mice
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Highest Living 6,000 m
Yak, Bos grunniens
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____ from Thailand weighs 1.5 g.
Kitti's hognosed bat
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• Blue whales exceed
130 metric tons
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Dense and ____ for insulation. • Traps a layer of insulating air. • Extremely dense in aquatic mammals.
soft underhair
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Coarse, longer ____ for protection from wear and coloration.
guard hair
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- involved in heat regulation.
Sweat glands
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- for marking territories, warning, defense.
Scent glands
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- associated with hair follicles.
Sebaceous glands
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provides milk for offspring, gives mammals their name.
Mammary glands
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Many mammals defend a territory that includes resources such as food, shelter, or mates that is defended from others usually of the same species (_____) - those that would utilize the same resources.
conspecifics
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Activity patterns of mammals 1. ____- daytime 2. _____ -night time 3. _____ - early morning & late afternoon
Diurnal, Nocturnal, Crepuscular
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A mammal usually has a larger, undefended ____ that may overlap with the home range of conspecifies.
home range
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About ___ species of terrestrial mammals __ (66%) endemic __ (28%) threatened
183, 120, 51
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___ species of marine mammals ___ cetaceans ___ sirenians
20, 19, 1
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- Body covered with fur, teeth present, forelimbs modified into true wings extending from 2nd to 5t digit
Chiroptera