documented only in Palawan and Mindanao (Mt. Malindang, Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao)

Forest-dweller Shallow depths of humus soil and underneath rotting logs Altitudinal range from sea level to about 1000 masl Larvae were recorded from pool of mountain streams

Habitat: ◦ Occupy a variety of habitats ◦ Areas with adequate plant cover and moisture, near human habitations, in cultivated areas, and in various microhabitats in forest

Arboreal in habit Tips of their fingers and toes are expanded and usually developed webs in hands and feet In tropical rain forest, exist in microhabitat such as aerial ferns, Pandanus, and some aroid plants

Some have definite breeding season

Breed continuously throughout the year

Species with no definite breeding season

-eggs of this species are laid in small volumes of water in leaf axils -Tadpoles develop depending entirely upon the yolk for they do not feed due to lack of functional mouth parts -Lack external gills instead used vascularized tail fins for respiration

Eggs are laid in non-aquatic situations Development occurs entirely within the egg capsules Differences in the later development (Limb bud stage, limb paddle, and operculum stages, metamorphosis) Respire by means of the large abdominal sacs, and depend entirely upon the egg yolk for nutrition

same with Platymantis but differs in the respiration process Tail is enlarged and has wide fine that are liberally supplied with blood vessel

Hylarana erythraea lives for about __ years and Fejervaria cancrivora about ___ years

: stops calling and grasps any female that comes near them

amplex females only after the females have touched them

Requires female to posture in front of the male

Interspecific amplexus between ___ Peters, 1867 and ____ (Günther, 1858) on Mindanao Island, Philippines

The process of animals protecting themselves from hot and dry summer by migrating to cool places and remaining dormant for a period is called ____.

Filter feeders

double life

About ___ species in the Philippines

Order ? – salamanders,newts

Order ? – caecilians

Order? – frogs and toads

___ and ___ largest families

fungal infection

Little is known of the biology of Barbourula. They are cryptic and highly, although not exclusively, aquatic frogs.

This ____ frog is the only known lungless anuran.

____is completely lungless

❑Juveniles remain hidden in shallow pools and seldom emerge, whereas adults occupy rock crevices or sit beneath rocks at the water–air interface. Their hands and feet are fully webbed.

Name

Name

Arboreal in habit Tips of their fingers and toes are expanded and usually developed webs in hands and feet In tropical rain forest, exist in microhabitat such as aerial ferns, Pandanus, and some aroid plants

Example of species inhabiting both forest and cleared areas:

Ranges from sea level to 2,000 masl

Burrowers

Aquatic in habit ◦ Either stay in the water or are limited to the immediate vicinity of water

Aquatic arboreal species ◦ Posses enlarged digit tips

Eggs and larvae in temporary ponds

Eggs and larvae in pools of mt. streams and/or slow flowing streams

Eggs in foam nest over temporary ponds or pools of mt. streams, larvae in ponds or pools

Oviposition site unknown (probably over water-filled tree hole)

Eggs and non-feeding larvae in small volumes of water collected in leaf axils in in Pandanus

Eggs in leaf axils of birds nest ferns and Pandanus, indirect development

Eggs on soil, indirect development

Eggs in aerial ferns, direct development

Eggs in leaf axils of screw pines, direct development

Frog Calls except

Identify nearly the exclusive domain of frogs frog calls typically contain 3 or fewer notes; lasts less than 2 seconds and may be repeated rapidly in sets 40 – 4000 Hz; good broadcast spectrum, avoiding acoustic interferences from other sounds loudness of calls: not size related

dominated by frog auditory signals (vocalization) Male frog calls: allows female to select and locate males Other signals continue the courtship once in the vicinity of the male

Parental care of young ◦ Observed in _______ ◦ Adult frogs were observed to sit on eggs

____ & ______ probably aestivate during dry season in regions with definite dry and wet season ◦ Burrow in muds or wet soil

Adult Amphibians are not carnivorous

Some exude water from their cloacas

A frogs when held by human hands will go limp and when relaxed will suddenly kick itself out of the hand

Inflate to discourage predators

Secrete poison

Defend territory thru fighting