Developmental Psych

30問 • 2年前

問題一覧

is the process of developing of being developed.

Development

is defined as the process of enlarging people's freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. Human development is about the real freedom ordinary people have to decide who to be, what to do, and how to live.

human development

is the study of the human development throughout the life span in the areas of physical, social, cognitive, emotional, and moral development.

developmental psychology

The notion of childhood originates in the Western world and this is why the early research derives from this location.

child mind

He is credited with conducting the first systematic study of developmental psychology

Charles Darwin

German Physiologist who published a book entitled The Mind of the Child.

Wilhelm Preyer

the process of change that occurs in human beings throughout development

developmental change

4 Domains of Development

Physical, Cognitive, Social-Emotional, Language

views development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills. With this type of development, there is a gradual change

continuous development

believes that development takes place in unique stages and that it occurs at specific times or ages.

discontinuous development

How Do Nature and Nurture Influence Development?

Are we who we are because of nature (biology and genetics), or are we who we are because of nurture (our environment and culture)?

Early foundations are critical

Early foundations are critical because attitudes, habits and patterns of behavior established during early years determine to a large extent how successfully individuals will adjust in their later life.

Development follows a definite and predictable pattern

It follows a definite and predictable pattern. Development is governed by certain laws: * Cephalocaudal Law- It means that development spreads over the body from head to foot and * Proximodistal Law- It means that development spreads outward from the central axis of the body to extremities.

Each phase has hazards

Each period is associated with certain developmental such as physical, psychological and environmental hazards. These hazards inevitably involve adjustment problems.

An individual’s development is molded to conform to cultural standards and norms, while changes in these standards affect the developmental pattern.

Development is affected by cultural changes

In psychology, ____ are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

theories

Psychodynamic Theorists

Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Alfred Adler Erik Erickson

Humanistic Theorists

Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers Erich Fromm

Behavioral Theorist

B.F Skinner

Cognitive Theory

Jean Piaget Albert Bandura Lev Vygotsky

states that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality.

psychodynamic theory

state of tension or distress caused by inconsistent or discordant expectations associated with one’s social or group role

Role of Conflict

Jung divided his developmental theory into three parts: __________ >According to Jung, ego begins to develop in early childhood years because their own unique identity has not been formed yet.

Childhood, Puberty to Middle age and Old Age.

is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior.

operant conditioning

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years)

During this earliest stage of cognitive development, infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects

Preoperational Stage (2 years to 5 years)

Children become much more skilled at pretend play during this stage of development, yet continue to think very concretely about the world around them. Egocentric Idea of constancy

Concrete Operational Stage (7 years to 11 years)

During this stage, children begin to think logically about concrete events. Their thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still very concrete. They begin to understand the concept of conservation Less egocentric.

Formal Operational Stage (11 years to Adulthood)

The final stage of Piaget's theory involves an increase in logic, the ability to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas. Abstract thought emerges.

Learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior.

Albert Bandura (Social Cognitive Theory)

Cognitive abilities are socially guided and constructed.

Lev Vygotsky (Sociocultural Theory)

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問題一覧

is the process of developing of being developed.

Development

human development

is the study of the human development throughout the life span in the areas of physical, social, cognitive, emotional, and moral development.

developmental psychology

The notion of childhood originates in the Western world and this is why the early research derives from this location.

child mind

He is credited with conducting the first systematic study of developmental psychology

Charles Darwin

German Physiologist who published a book entitled The Mind of the Child.

Wilhelm Preyer

the process of change that occurs in human beings throughout development

developmental change

4 Domains of Development

Physical, Cognitive, Social-Emotional, Language

views development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills. With this type of development, there is a gradual change

continuous development

believes that development takes place in unique stages and that it occurs at specific times or ages.

discontinuous development

How Do Nature and Nurture Influence Development?

Are we who we are because of nature (biology and genetics), or are we who we are because of nurture (our environment and culture)?

Early foundations are critical

Development follows a definite and predictable pattern

Each phase has hazards

Each period is associated with certain developmental such as physical, psychological and environmental hazards. These hazards inevitably involve adjustment problems.

An individual’s development is molded to conform to cultural standards and norms, while changes in these standards affect the developmental pattern.

Development is affected by cultural changes

In psychology, ____ are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

theories

Psychodynamic Theorists

Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Alfred Adler Erik Erickson

Humanistic Theorists

Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers Erich Fromm

Behavioral Theorist

B.F Skinner

Cognitive Theory

Jean Piaget Albert Bandura Lev Vygotsky

states that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality.

psychodynamic theory

state of tension or distress caused by inconsistent or discordant expectations associated with one’s social or group role

Role of Conflict

Jung divided his developmental theory into three parts: __________ >According to Jung, ego begins to develop in early childhood years because their own unique identity has not been formed yet.

Childhood, Puberty to Middle age and Old Age.

is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior.

operant conditioning

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years)

During this earliest stage of cognitive development, infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects

Preoperational Stage (2 years to 5 years)

Children become much more skilled at pretend play during this stage of development, yet continue to think very concretely about the world around them. Egocentric Idea of constancy

Concrete Operational Stage (7 years to 11 years)

Formal Operational Stage (11 years to Adulthood)

The final stage of Piaget's theory involves an increase in logic, the ability to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas. Abstract thought emerges.

Learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior.

Albert Bandura (Social Cognitive Theory)

Cognitive abilities are socially guided and constructed.

Lev Vygotsky (Sociocultural Theory)