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Pentagon Medical Surgical June 13-15, 2022

Pentagon Medical Surgical June 13-15, 2022
172問 • 3年前
  • Castle Aranza
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Are basic living unit of kidney

    Nephrons

  • 2

    Network of capillaries of the kidney

    Glomerulus

  • 3

    3 stages of Urine Fomation

    Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion

  • 4

    Amount of blood that goes to the kidney mL/min

    90-125 mL/min

  • 5

    Kidney filters the blood the ff:

    Water, Hydrogen, BUN, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Electrolytes

  • 6

    In 125 ml/min, how many is reabsorbed back in the blood

    124 mL/min

  • 7

    How many is excreted in the Urine in 125 mL/min

    1 mL/min

  • 8

    Normal urine output

    30-60 mL/min

  • 9

    Accumulation of excessive BUN and Creatinine in blood

    Azotemia

  • 10

    Color of skin for people with CKD

    Greyish, metallic skin, dry

  • 11

    Treatment for metabollic acidosis

    Sodium Biphosphate or NaHCO3

  • 12

    Formation of urate crystals TOPHI, that can be deposited in joints

    Hyperuricemia

  • 13

    Treatment for Hyperkalemia

    Insulin and keyexalate

  • 14

    Normal Value of Sodium (Na)

    135-145 meq/L

  • 15

    Normal Value of Potassium (K)

    3.5-5 meq/L

  • 16

    Normal Value of Calcium (Ca)

    8.5-10.5 mg/dl

  • 17

    Normal Value of Phosphate

    2.5-4.5 mg/dl

  • 18

    Normal Value of Magnesium (Mg)

    1.5-2.5 mg/dl

  • 19

    Kidney produces and secretes a hormone called: Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC

    Erythropoietin

  • 20

    Normal RBC count

    4-6 million/mm3

  • 21

    Promotes calcium reabsorption

    Vitamin D

  • 22

    Drug of choice for CKD Erythropoietin analogs:

    Epocrit/Epogen

  • 23

    How many times is epocrit given for CKD

    2-3x/week

  • 24

    How long is the initial effect of epogen

    1-2 weeks

  • 25

    Side effect of epogen

    Hypertension

  • 26

    Neurotransmitter that is produced in the basal ganglia

    Dopamine

  • 27

    Controls voluntary movement

    Dopamine

  • 28

    Promotes muscle coordination

    Dopamine

  • 29

    Regulates mood, attention, reward and relaxes muscles

    Dopamine

  • 30

    What type of skin does a person with Parkinson's disease have?

    Oily skin

  • 31

    Gait that a person with Parkinson's disease has?

    Shuffling or propulsive

  • 32

    Posture that a person with Parkinson's disease has?

    Stooped

  • 33

    Parts of Upper Respiratory Tract

    Nose, Pharynx, Larynx

  • 34

    Parts of Lower Respiratory Tract

    Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs

  • 35

    Parameter to indicate correct placement or ET tube

    (+) bilateral breath sounds

  • 36

    Height of ET tube away from the Carini

    1-2 cm above

  • 37

    Located at top of each kidney

    Adrenal Gland

  • 38

    Inner most layer of adrenal gland

    Adrenal medulla

  • 39

    Outer most layer of adrenal gland

    Adrenal cortex

  • 40

    3 parts of adrenal cortex (3)

    Zona fasciculata, Zona reticularis, Zona glomerulosa

  • 41

    Zona fasciculata secretes what hormone

    Glucocorticoids

  • 42

    What is an example of glucocorticoids that is is being release during 4-8 am

    Cortisol

  • 43

    What are the 3 adrogenic hormones that zona reticularis secretes

    Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone

  • 44

    Zona glumerolosa secretes what mineralocorticostiroid

    Aldosterone

  • 45

    Controls glucose metabolism

    Cortisol

  • 46

    Promotes development and maturation of secondary sexual characteristics (3)

    Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

  • 47

    It promotes sodium (Na) and water (H20) reabsorption and excretion of potassium (K)

    Aldosterone

  • 48

    What is low in Addison's disease? SSS

    Glucocorticoids (Sugar), Mineralocorticoids (Sex), Androgenic hormones (Salt)

  • 49

    Breast enlargement

    Thelarche

  • 50

    Growth of hairs in pubic area, oily skin, oily hair, body odor

    Adrenarche

  • 51

    Start of period making hormones

    Menarche

  • 52

    Disorders of Adrenal Cortex (3)

    Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, Conn's Syndrome/Primary Aldosteronism

  • 53

    Tumor of the adrenal cortex

    Conn's Syndrome/Primary Aldosteronism

  • 54

    Blue bloaters: inflammation of the bronchus

    Bronchitis

  • 55

    Early sign of Hypoxia (3)

    Restlessness, Agitation, Tachycardia

  • 56

    Late sign of Hypoxia (4)

    Bradycardia, Extreme restlessness, Dyspnea, Cyanosis

  • 57

    Hormone release by macula densa

    Erythropoietin

  • 58

    Normal p02

    80-100

  • 59

    Decrease O2 in the blood

    Hypoxemia

  • 60

    Decrease O2 in tissues

    Hypoxia

  • 61

    Increase volume of RBC

    Secondary polycythemia

  • 62

    Hyper trophy or enlargement of right ventricle

    Cor pulmonale

  • 63

    Enlargement of Left ventricle

    Cardiomegaly

  • 64

    SVC: backflow of blood in Jugular or neck vein distention

    Neck bloating

  • 65

    Backflow of blood IVC

    Peripheral Edema or Peripheral bloating

  • 66

    Basic living unit of lung, site of gas exchange

    Acinar cells / alveoli

  • 67

    Terminal stage of COPD, inelasticity of alveoli

    Emphysema

  • 68

    Factors that leads to deficiency of alpha anti trypsin (3)

    Air pollutants, Smoking, Hereditary

  • 69

    Proteolytic enzyme responsible for destruction of alveolar wall, release in pancreas

    Trypsin

  • 70

    Erosion/excoriation of mucosal lining of stomach due to hypersecretion of acid pepsin

    Peptic ulcer disease

  • 71

    PUD based on severity : affects the mucosal lining of stomach

    Acute ulcer

  • 72

    PUD based on severity : affects the deeper underlying tissues

    Chronic ulcer

  • 73

    Layers of stomach (4)

    Mucosal layer, Submucosal, Muscularis externa, Serosa

  • 74

    Layer of stomach that is the topmost layer; contains HCO3, prostaglandin and gastric pits

    Mucosal Layer

  • 75

    Layer of stomach that contains nerves, blood vessel and lymphatics

    Submucosal nerves

  • 76

    Layer of stomach that is used for peristalsis movement

    Muscularis externa

  • 77

    Outermost Layer of stomach that prevents friction from other abdominal organs

    Serosa

  • 78

    Most rare PUD related to GERD

    Esophageal Ulcer

  • 79

    Most common type of PUD according to location that contains less HCO3 ions

    Duodenum

  • 80

    Common ulcer among critically ill patient

    Stress ulcer

  • 81

    Drug of choice for Ulcer: Less side effect (Ranitidine, Cimetidine) More side effect (Famotidine, Nizatidine)

    H2 Blockers

  • 82

    Anti cholinergic agent is also known as (2)

    Adrenergic agent/ sympatomimetic

  • 83

    Example of cholinergic drug for Myasthenia Gravis

    Pyridostigmine (mestinon)

  • 84

    Rigidity type of Parkinson's disease

    Cogwheel type

  • 85

    Tone of Parkinson's disease

    Monotone

  • 86

    S/S of Addison's disease (6)

    Hypoglycemia, Decrease tolerance to stress, Decrease libido, Loss of pubic axillary hair, Decrease cortisol, Hyponatremia

  • 87

    S/S of Hypoglycemia: TIRED

    Tremors / Tachycardia, Irritability, Restlessness, Extreme Fatigue / weakness, Diaphoresis / Depression / Double Vision

  • 88

    Decrease tolerance to stress in Addison's disease may lead to what? Also the severe form of hypothyroidism

    Addisonian Crisis

  • 89

    Amount of fluid that shall be forced to a patient with Addison's disease Reason for the need of increase intake of Na

    2,000-3,000 ml/day

  • 90

    Drug of choice for Addison's disease: And what is the suffix being used:

    Corticosteroids; "sone" ex: dexamethasone

  • 91

    How much dose is given for steroids if taken in the AM

    2/3 dose

  • 92

    How much dose is given for steroids if taken in the PM

    1/3 dose

  • 93

    S/S of Cushing's syndrome (11)

    Hyperglycemia, hirsutism, Increase susceptibility to infection, (+) acne and striae, Thin fragile skin, Increase musculinity, Osteoporosis, GIT changes, Mood swings, Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia

  • 94

    PPE for (+) air pressured room: HIV, chemotherapy, post transplant

    All

  • 95

    PPE for (-) air pressured room: replaced for 8 hours

    N95 or HEPA filter set

  • 96

    Inability of the heart to pump blood towards systemic circulation

    Congestive Heart Failure

  • 97

    Tumor of adrenal medulla

    Pheochromocytoma

  • 98

    Diagnostic procedure for Stroke/CVA

    Urinary Vanilylmandeleic Acid

  • 99

    Abnormally excessive sweating that's not necessarily related to heat or exercise in CVA

    Hyperhidrosis

  • 100

    Normal value of Vanilylmandeleic acid; Byproduct of catecholamine breakdown

    2-7 mg/24 hr urine

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Are basic living unit of kidney

    Nephrons

  • 2

    Network of capillaries of the kidney

    Glomerulus

  • 3

    3 stages of Urine Fomation

    Filtration, Reabsorption, Excretion

  • 4

    Amount of blood that goes to the kidney mL/min

    90-125 mL/min

  • 5

    Kidney filters the blood the ff:

    Water, Hydrogen, BUN, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Electrolytes

  • 6

    In 125 ml/min, how many is reabsorbed back in the blood

    124 mL/min

  • 7

    How many is excreted in the Urine in 125 mL/min

    1 mL/min

  • 8

    Normal urine output

    30-60 mL/min

  • 9

    Accumulation of excessive BUN and Creatinine in blood

    Azotemia

  • 10

    Color of skin for people with CKD

    Greyish, metallic skin, dry

  • 11

    Treatment for metabollic acidosis

    Sodium Biphosphate or NaHCO3

  • 12

    Formation of urate crystals TOPHI, that can be deposited in joints

    Hyperuricemia

  • 13

    Treatment for Hyperkalemia

    Insulin and keyexalate

  • 14

    Normal Value of Sodium (Na)

    135-145 meq/L

  • 15

    Normal Value of Potassium (K)

    3.5-5 meq/L

  • 16

    Normal Value of Calcium (Ca)

    8.5-10.5 mg/dl

  • 17

    Normal Value of Phosphate

    2.5-4.5 mg/dl

  • 18

    Normal Value of Magnesium (Mg)

    1.5-2.5 mg/dl

  • 19

    Kidney produces and secretes a hormone called: Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC

    Erythropoietin

  • 20

    Normal RBC count

    4-6 million/mm3

  • 21

    Promotes calcium reabsorption

    Vitamin D

  • 22

    Drug of choice for CKD Erythropoietin analogs:

    Epocrit/Epogen

  • 23

    How many times is epocrit given for CKD

    2-3x/week

  • 24

    How long is the initial effect of epogen

    1-2 weeks

  • 25

    Side effect of epogen

    Hypertension

  • 26

    Neurotransmitter that is produced in the basal ganglia

    Dopamine

  • 27

    Controls voluntary movement

    Dopamine

  • 28

    Promotes muscle coordination

    Dopamine

  • 29

    Regulates mood, attention, reward and relaxes muscles

    Dopamine

  • 30

    What type of skin does a person with Parkinson's disease have?

    Oily skin

  • 31

    Gait that a person with Parkinson's disease has?

    Shuffling or propulsive

  • 32

    Posture that a person with Parkinson's disease has?

    Stooped

  • 33

    Parts of Upper Respiratory Tract

    Nose, Pharynx, Larynx

  • 34

    Parts of Lower Respiratory Tract

    Trachea, Bronchus, Lungs

  • 35

    Parameter to indicate correct placement or ET tube

    (+) bilateral breath sounds

  • 36

    Height of ET tube away from the Carini

    1-2 cm above

  • 37

    Located at top of each kidney

    Adrenal Gland

  • 38

    Inner most layer of adrenal gland

    Adrenal medulla

  • 39

    Outer most layer of adrenal gland

    Adrenal cortex

  • 40

    3 parts of adrenal cortex (3)

    Zona fasciculata, Zona reticularis, Zona glomerulosa

  • 41

    Zona fasciculata secretes what hormone

    Glucocorticoids

  • 42

    What is an example of glucocorticoids that is is being release during 4-8 am

    Cortisol

  • 43

    What are the 3 adrogenic hormones that zona reticularis secretes

    Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone

  • 44

    Zona glumerolosa secretes what mineralocorticostiroid

    Aldosterone

  • 45

    Controls glucose metabolism

    Cortisol

  • 46

    Promotes development and maturation of secondary sexual characteristics (3)

    Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

  • 47

    It promotes sodium (Na) and water (H20) reabsorption and excretion of potassium (K)

    Aldosterone

  • 48

    What is low in Addison's disease? SSS

    Glucocorticoids (Sugar), Mineralocorticoids (Sex), Androgenic hormones (Salt)

  • 49

    Breast enlargement

    Thelarche

  • 50

    Growth of hairs in pubic area, oily skin, oily hair, body odor

    Adrenarche

  • 51

    Start of period making hormones

    Menarche

  • 52

    Disorders of Adrenal Cortex (3)

    Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, Conn's Syndrome/Primary Aldosteronism

  • 53

    Tumor of the adrenal cortex

    Conn's Syndrome/Primary Aldosteronism

  • 54

    Blue bloaters: inflammation of the bronchus

    Bronchitis

  • 55

    Early sign of Hypoxia (3)

    Restlessness, Agitation, Tachycardia

  • 56

    Late sign of Hypoxia (4)

    Bradycardia, Extreme restlessness, Dyspnea, Cyanosis

  • 57

    Hormone release by macula densa

    Erythropoietin

  • 58

    Normal p02

    80-100

  • 59

    Decrease O2 in the blood

    Hypoxemia

  • 60

    Decrease O2 in tissues

    Hypoxia

  • 61

    Increase volume of RBC

    Secondary polycythemia

  • 62

    Hyper trophy or enlargement of right ventricle

    Cor pulmonale

  • 63

    Enlargement of Left ventricle

    Cardiomegaly

  • 64

    SVC: backflow of blood in Jugular or neck vein distention

    Neck bloating

  • 65

    Backflow of blood IVC

    Peripheral Edema or Peripheral bloating

  • 66

    Basic living unit of lung, site of gas exchange

    Acinar cells / alveoli

  • 67

    Terminal stage of COPD, inelasticity of alveoli

    Emphysema

  • 68

    Factors that leads to deficiency of alpha anti trypsin (3)

    Air pollutants, Smoking, Hereditary

  • 69

    Proteolytic enzyme responsible for destruction of alveolar wall, release in pancreas

    Trypsin

  • 70

    Erosion/excoriation of mucosal lining of stomach due to hypersecretion of acid pepsin

    Peptic ulcer disease

  • 71

    PUD based on severity : affects the mucosal lining of stomach

    Acute ulcer

  • 72

    PUD based on severity : affects the deeper underlying tissues

    Chronic ulcer

  • 73

    Layers of stomach (4)

    Mucosal layer, Submucosal, Muscularis externa, Serosa

  • 74

    Layer of stomach that is the topmost layer; contains HCO3, prostaglandin and gastric pits

    Mucosal Layer

  • 75

    Layer of stomach that contains nerves, blood vessel and lymphatics

    Submucosal nerves

  • 76

    Layer of stomach that is used for peristalsis movement

    Muscularis externa

  • 77

    Outermost Layer of stomach that prevents friction from other abdominal organs

    Serosa

  • 78

    Most rare PUD related to GERD

    Esophageal Ulcer

  • 79

    Most common type of PUD according to location that contains less HCO3 ions

    Duodenum

  • 80

    Common ulcer among critically ill patient

    Stress ulcer

  • 81

    Drug of choice for Ulcer: Less side effect (Ranitidine, Cimetidine) More side effect (Famotidine, Nizatidine)

    H2 Blockers

  • 82

    Anti cholinergic agent is also known as (2)

    Adrenergic agent/ sympatomimetic

  • 83

    Example of cholinergic drug for Myasthenia Gravis

    Pyridostigmine (mestinon)

  • 84

    Rigidity type of Parkinson's disease

    Cogwheel type

  • 85

    Tone of Parkinson's disease

    Monotone

  • 86

    S/S of Addison's disease (6)

    Hypoglycemia, Decrease tolerance to stress, Decrease libido, Loss of pubic axillary hair, Decrease cortisol, Hyponatremia

  • 87

    S/S of Hypoglycemia: TIRED

    Tremors / Tachycardia, Irritability, Restlessness, Extreme Fatigue / weakness, Diaphoresis / Depression / Double Vision

  • 88

    Decrease tolerance to stress in Addison's disease may lead to what? Also the severe form of hypothyroidism

    Addisonian Crisis

  • 89

    Amount of fluid that shall be forced to a patient with Addison's disease Reason for the need of increase intake of Na

    2,000-3,000 ml/day

  • 90

    Drug of choice for Addison's disease: And what is the suffix being used:

    Corticosteroids; "sone" ex: dexamethasone

  • 91

    How much dose is given for steroids if taken in the AM

    2/3 dose

  • 92

    How much dose is given for steroids if taken in the PM

    1/3 dose

  • 93

    S/S of Cushing's syndrome (11)

    Hyperglycemia, hirsutism, Increase susceptibility to infection, (+) acne and striae, Thin fragile skin, Increase musculinity, Osteoporosis, GIT changes, Mood swings, Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia

  • 94

    PPE for (+) air pressured room: HIV, chemotherapy, post transplant

    All

  • 95

    PPE for (-) air pressured room: replaced for 8 hours

    N95 or HEPA filter set

  • 96

    Inability of the heart to pump blood towards systemic circulation

    Congestive Heart Failure

  • 97

    Tumor of adrenal medulla

    Pheochromocytoma

  • 98

    Diagnostic procedure for Stroke/CVA

    Urinary Vanilylmandeleic Acid

  • 99

    Abnormally excessive sweating that's not necessarily related to heat or exercise in CVA

    Hyperhidrosis

  • 100

    Normal value of Vanilylmandeleic acid; Byproduct of catecholamine breakdown

    2-7 mg/24 hr urine