physics

100問 • 1年前

問題一覧

What answer is correct for elasticity behavior of materials?

steel elasticity occur in most crystal materials, rubber elasticity is typical for macromolecular materials

Point the isometric regime of muscle contraction: 1. Original length of muscle doesn’t change 2. Work isn’t performed for any external displacement of the object 3. During isometric regime P load is constant 4. Contraction velocity of muscle (V(P)) is independent of (P)

1,2

During hydrolysis of one ATP molecule, how many K+ is transferred to the cell?

When the contraction velocity of muscle becomes maximum based on Hill’s equation?

When P=0

What process is termed by osmosis?

net movement of water caused by concentration difference of water is called osmosis

What length of a sarcomere in the isometric mode induces the maximum force?

2,2 mkm

The stroke (SV) volume of blood is:

the volume of blood ejected from left ventricle during one systole

How called established time dependence of the viscosity?

thixotropy

What instances indicate the steel and rubber elasticity of tissue……

steel elasticity – lipid membrane, rubber elasticity – collagen, elastin

The charges creating action potential:

ions

Reason for asymmetry of the lipid layers of the membrane:

the difference in concentration of the same lipids, orientation and positioning of proteins and due to different enzymatic process in different leaflets

During the propagation of the action potential in the membranes:

The potential dependent Na+ channel is opened

What physical quantities can numerically determine the deformation of the tissue

strain and stress

The charges creating action potential:

ions

Lateral distribution of membrane constituents according to the Singer-Nicolson model could be random

if all pairwise interaction energies are within the range of the thermal energy

What organ is responsible compensating of small back-and-force perturbations of the center of mass (displacement less than 1,5 cm) in order to maintain balance?

Ankle movements

How do change the length of actin and myosin filament during the muscle contraction?

Actin and myosin filaments themselves do not change the lenght but instead slide past each other

What is the role of Ca in the muscle contraction?

is combined with troponin

The resting potential of the cell membrane approximately U = -80 mV. If consider, the electric field strength is homogeneous in the inner of the membrane, find the intensity of this field. The thickness of the membrane is l = 8 nm.

10 V/m

What substances can cross cell membranes by facilatated diffusion?

glucose and most of the amino acids

Compute force of muscle which is required to upright stand on the fingers due to given picture. Where F is muscle force of soles, R- is gravitational force exerted on body. a=60 cm, b=6 cm are arms of forces F and R respect"vely. Mass of the body is 50 kg, g=10 m/s .

50 N

What answer is correct for elasticity behavior of materials?

steel elasticity occur in most crystal materials, rubber elasticity is typical for macromolecular materials

Compute force of muscle which is required to upright stand on the fingers due to given picture. Where F is muscle force of soles , R- is gravitational force exerted on body. a=40cm, b=4cm are arms of forces F and R respectively. Mass of the body is 70kg, g=10m/s².

70N

Absorbtion of high fields (HF) in biological systems is basically determined by ...

İts water content

Between which physical states of a membrane there are phase transitions?

gel and liquid - crysta

How does the pressure drop depend on the area of flow?

The larger area of flow the smaller the pressure drop

Blood flow speed is maximum (r- is the radius of the blood vessel)?

in the centre of blood vessel;

Growing ability of what biological systems are studied by the vibrating probe technique ?

Single cells, various growing parts of plants, follicles of insect eggs, growing embryos, muscle fibers and other organs and tissues.

When the contraction velocity of muscle becomes maximum based on Hill’s equation?

When P=0

What behavior of synovial fluid prevents its exclusion from the cleft by hydrostatic pressure?

Thixotropy behavior allows to gain the large viscosity of this fluid in the joints (between 1 and 40 Paˑsec)

Gating of protein channels is due to…

voltage gating and chemical (ligand) gating

How do electric field generated by the beating heart spread in the body?

The heart as an oscillating dipole can excite the parts of cardiac muscle in the rhythm of the beating heart and simultaneously in different parts of body

The nature of a nervous impulse?

electric

What is the role of Ca++ in the muscle contraction?

is combined with troponin

Clinically measurement method of the blood viscosity is:

Ostvalds viscometer

8-What organ monitors position and orientation of the various parts of the body?

somatosensory system

What model of viscoelastic system is corresponding to real living systems?

Maxwell-KelvinVoight system

The hydraulic resistance of the vessel deped on

the radius of the vessel

lateral diffusion of phospholipids:

occur in the same layer of a membrane

What organ monitors position and orientation of the various parts of the body?

somatosensory system

What is an important role of rubber elastic properties of tendons and ligaments?

They play an important role in the storage of mechanical energy in some periodic or suddenly occurring movements.

Larmor frequency of MRI are

43-170MHz

What ability of living cells is examined by electric field due to vibrating probe method ?

Growing ability

Unlike of simple diffusion during facilitated diffusion the substances:

Pass fastly

Compare the pressure drop of the blood in the aorta (ΔPa) and in the capillaries (ΔPk):

ΔPk >> ΔPa

When the radius of the vessel increases 2 times, in the same vessel the pressure drop

decreases16 times

In which vessel the hydraulic resistance of the blood is less?

In the aorta

What does anchored protein picked model represent?

it represents that close to cytoplasmatic leaflet actin membrane skeleton meshwork anchors with various transmembrane proteins

What is the efficiency of a muscle?

percentage of the input energy to muscle (the chemical energy in nutrients) can be converted into work instead of heat

Electrocardiogram is the

Temporary dependence of voltage (potential difference) generated by heart

The distribution velocity of action potential in the myelinated cells depends on:

the resistance of Myelin layer

Which energy is spent during active transport?

the chemical

When the cross sectional area of the vessel decreases 2 times, in the same vessel the pressure drop

increases 4 times

The pressure which is measured by the ausculatory method is

pressures which corresponds to systolic and diastolic phases

Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect in the large vessels leads

The erythrocytes to concentrate in regions of minimal shear stress, namely in the center of the vessel

During diffusion the flow density of the substance according to Fick law is

directly proportional with concentration gradient of the substance

Membrane conductivity of the squid axon for potassium ions at rest state:

greater comparing with conductivity of sodium ions

Reason for formation of the membrane potential difference:

a concentration difference of electrically charges of the different side of the membrane

Velocity of the pulse wave increases in the big vessels at constancy of any other parameters:

When elasticity modulus of vessel is increased

What is the main idea of Einthoven triangle method?

Localization of the excited parts of the heart by detecting the potentials at three points on the body, which are more or less equidistant from the heart

What causes the highest QRS signal during ECG (electrocardiography)

Due to higher action potential which is required for contraction of ventricles

İn the expanding part of the vessels in compared to the norm

The static pressure of the blood increases, the dynamic pressure decreases

How does the pressure drop depend on the area of flow?

The larger area of flow the smaller the pressure drop

How does call the percentage of total volume of blood occupied by cells?

hematocrit

Compare the dynamic pressure of the blood in the capillary (Pk), in the arterioles (Part) and in the aorta (Pa):

Pk < Part < Pa

Why osmotic pressure caused by non-dissociated molecules depend on number of osmotic particles, not on the mass of the particles.

because large particles move at slower velocities, the small particles move at higher velocities

At “Flip-flop” diffusion phospholipids:

pass from one layer to another

It is used the model of artificial bilipid membrane for study of the biological membrane structure and its function. If consider the artificial membrane thickness l = 3 nm, relative dielectric permeability ε=1, the area of membranne is 3 mm2, find the membrane electric capacity(ε0=8,85·10-12 F/m).

0,885 mcF/m2

The permeability (P) of membrane:

it is inversely proportional to membrane thickness

How the blood viscosity changes in capillaries in comparison with arteries?

decreases more than 10 times

hat causes the complecated structure of signals during electroencephelography?

To contrast to electrocardiography signals are certainly the result of collective neural activity in the brain

When the cross sectional area of the vessel decreases 2 times, in the same vessel the pressure drop

increases 4 times

What is the reason of power stroke (detachment) of the myosin's head from the actin's fiber?

free ATP

How change the blood viscosity in the arterioles than aorta?

Decreases

What blood flow is able to produce noise?

the turbulent flow

What organ monitors movement and position of head?

vestibular system situated in the inner ear

Flow of the blood in artery and in aortic valve:

Laminar in the arteries, in aortic valve – turbulent

Where do Na+ and K+ ions move during active transport?

a transport process pumps sodium ions outward through the all membrane of all cells and at the same time pumps potassium ions from the outside to the inside

In what part of a muscular cell does the contraction site locate?

in the sarcomere

When the cross sectional area of the vessel increases 2 times, in the same vessel the pressure drop

decreases 4 times

Why osmotic pressure caused by nondissociated molecules depend on number of osmotic particles, not on the mass of the particles.

because large particles move at slower velocities, the small particles move at higher velocities

The movement feature of the blood in the capillaries:

erythrocytes are deformed, viscosity of the blood decreases

By what important characteristics the protein channels are distinguished?

they are often selective permeable to certain substances and many of the channels can be opened or closed by gates regulated by electric signals (voltage-gated channels) or chemicals that bind to channel proteins (ligant-gated channels)

How change the blood viscosity during heavy physical work than normal state?

increases

What physical quantity is registered as a function of time by the method of electrocardiography?

amplitude of electric field in joints

What process is termed by osmosis?

net movement of water caused by concentration difference of water is called osmosis

For person who is standing erect the blood pressure

above the heart in the head is lower than that it in the feet

What does the elastic limit represent?

reversible deformation up to given elastic limit

107 V/m

The linear velocity of the blood

is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the vessel

What contraction is said to be isotonic contraction?

when the muscle does shorten but the tension on the muscle remains constant through the contraction

What is the origin of extracellular electric fields and currents (directed and indirected electric currents) in biological organisms?

They can be generated directly as a result of ion transport in living cells or indirectly as a streaming potentials or even by piezoelectric effect

What quantity of living cells can be determined by vibrating probe technique?

Electric current

Difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion:

in simple diffusion the rate of diffusion linear increases with concentration of substance, but in the case of facilitated diffusion, the rate of diffusion cannot rise greater than the Vmax level

During propagation of action potential through the membranes:

the resistance to Na⁺ ions decreases

In what vessel the dynamic pressure of the blood is the greatest?

In the aorta

Lever system of scull with respect to neck is depicted in the picture. R is gravity force exerted on the scull, F - is extension force of back-bone muscle. Where a=6 sm, b=2 cm are the arms of forces F and R respectively. Compute force of muscle which is required to straight up position of head. Mass of head is 6 kg. (g=10 m/s2)

20 N

What behavior does the whole blood have?

pseudoplastic thixotropic

-In which part of the body the hydrostatic pressure of the blood is less?

In the brain

100

What is the role of Ca++ in the muscle contraction?

is combined with troponin

physiology

physiology

physiology

physiology

biochemistry

biochemistry

biophysics

biophysics

physics 3

physics 3

physiology respiratory 1-50

Merve · 50問 · 1年前

physiology respiratory 1-50

physics 2

physics 2

micro 19-23

micro 19-23

micro toplu

micro toplu

pathology

pathology

問題一覧

What answer is correct for elasticity behavior of materials?

steel elasticity occur in most crystal materials, rubber elasticity is typical for macromolecular materials

1,2

During hydrolysis of one ATP molecule, how many K+ is transferred to the cell?

When the contraction velocity of muscle becomes maximum based on Hill’s equation?

When P=0

What process is termed by osmosis?

net movement of water caused by concentration difference of water is called osmosis

What length of a sarcomere in the isometric mode induces the maximum force?

2,2 mkm

The stroke (SV) volume of blood is:

the volume of blood ejected from left ventricle during one systole

How called established time dependence of the viscosity?

thixotropy

What instances indicate the steel and rubber elasticity of tissue……

steel elasticity – lipid membrane, rubber elasticity – collagen, elastin

The charges creating action potential:

ions

Reason for asymmetry of the lipid layers of the membrane:

the difference in concentration of the same lipids, orientation and positioning of proteins and due to different enzymatic process in different leaflets

During the propagation of the action potential in the membranes:

The potential dependent Na+ channel is opened

What physical quantities can numerically determine the deformation of the tissue

strain and stress

The charges creating action potential:

ions

Lateral distribution of membrane constituents according to the Singer-Nicolson model could be random

if all pairwise interaction energies are within the range of the thermal energy

What organ is responsible compensating of small back-and-force perturbations of the center of mass (displacement less than 1,5 cm) in order to maintain balance?

Ankle movements

How do change the length of actin and myosin filament during the muscle contraction?

Actin and myosin filaments themselves do not change the lenght but instead slide past each other

What is the role of Ca in the muscle contraction?

is combined with troponin

10 V/m

What substances can cross cell membranes by facilatated diffusion?

glucose and most of the amino acids

50 N

What answer is correct for elasticity behavior of materials?

steel elasticity occur in most crystal materials, rubber elasticity is typical for macromolecular materials

70N

Absorbtion of high fields (HF) in biological systems is basically determined by ...

İts water content

Between which physical states of a membrane there are phase transitions?

gel and liquid - crysta

How does the pressure drop depend on the area of flow?

The larger area of flow the smaller the pressure drop

Blood flow speed is maximum (r- is the radius of the blood vessel)?

in the centre of blood vessel;

Growing ability of what biological systems are studied by the vibrating probe technique ?

Single cells, various growing parts of plants, follicles of insect eggs, growing embryos, muscle fibers and other organs and tissues.

When the contraction velocity of muscle becomes maximum based on Hill’s equation?

When P=0

What behavior of synovial fluid prevents its exclusion from the cleft by hydrostatic pressure?

Thixotropy behavior allows to gain the large viscosity of this fluid in the joints (between 1 and 40 Paˑsec)

Gating of protein channels is due to…

voltage gating and chemical (ligand) gating

How do electric field generated by the beating heart spread in the body?

The heart as an oscillating dipole can excite the parts of cardiac muscle in the rhythm of the beating heart and simultaneously in different parts of body

The nature of a nervous impulse?

electric

What is the role of Ca++ in the muscle contraction?

is combined with troponin

Clinically measurement method of the blood viscosity is:

Ostvalds viscometer

8-What organ monitors position and orientation of the various parts of the body?

somatosensory system

What model of viscoelastic system is corresponding to real living systems?

Maxwell-KelvinVoight system

The hydraulic resistance of the vessel deped on

the radius of the vessel

lateral diffusion of phospholipids:

occur in the same layer of a membrane

What organ monitors position and orientation of the various parts of the body?

somatosensory system

What is an important role of rubber elastic properties of tendons and ligaments?

They play an important role in the storage of mechanical energy in some periodic or suddenly occurring movements.

Larmor frequency of MRI are

43-170MHz

What ability of living cells is examined by electric field due to vibrating probe method ?

Growing ability

Unlike of simple diffusion during facilitated diffusion the substances:

Pass fastly

Compare the pressure drop of the blood in the aorta (ΔPa) and in the capillaries (ΔPk):

ΔPk >> ΔPa

When the radius of the vessel increases 2 times, in the same vessel the pressure drop

decreases16 times

In which vessel the hydraulic resistance of the blood is less?

In the aorta

What does anchored protein picked model represent?

it represents that close to cytoplasmatic leaflet actin membrane skeleton meshwork anchors with various transmembrane proteins

What is the efficiency of a muscle?

percentage of the input energy to muscle (the chemical energy in nutrients) can be converted into work instead of heat

Electrocardiogram is the

Temporary dependence of voltage (potential difference) generated by heart

The distribution velocity of action potential in the myelinated cells depends on:

the resistance of Myelin layer

Which energy is spent during active transport?

the chemical

When the cross sectional area of the vessel decreases 2 times, in the same vessel the pressure drop

increases 4 times

The pressure which is measured by the ausculatory method is

pressures which corresponds to systolic and diastolic phases

Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect in the large vessels leads

The erythrocytes to concentrate in regions of minimal shear stress, namely in the center of the vessel

During diffusion the flow density of the substance according to Fick law is

directly proportional with concentration gradient of the substance

Membrane conductivity of the squid axon for potassium ions at rest state:

greater comparing with conductivity of sodium ions

Reason for formation of the membrane potential difference:

a concentration difference of electrically charges of the different side of the membrane

Velocity of the pulse wave increases in the big vessels at constancy of any other parameters:

When elasticity modulus of vessel is increased

What is the main idea of Einthoven triangle method?

Localization of the excited parts of the heart by detecting the potentials at three points on the body, which are more or less equidistant from the heart

What causes the highest QRS signal during ECG (electrocardiography)

Due to higher action potential which is required for contraction of ventricles

İn the expanding part of the vessels in compared to the norm

The static pressure of the blood increases, the dynamic pressure decreases

How does the pressure drop depend on the area of flow?

The larger area of flow the smaller the pressure drop

How does call the percentage of total volume of blood occupied by cells?

hematocrit

Compare the dynamic pressure of the blood in the capillary (Pk), in the arterioles (Part) and in the aorta (Pa):

Pk < Part < Pa

Why osmotic pressure caused by non-dissociated molecules depend on number of osmotic particles, not on the mass of the particles.

because large particles move at slower velocities, the small particles move at higher velocities

At “Flip-flop” diffusion phospholipids:

pass from one layer to another

0,885 mcF/m2

The permeability (P) of membrane:

it is inversely proportional to membrane thickness

How the blood viscosity changes in capillaries in comparison with arteries?

decreases more than 10 times

hat causes the complecated structure of signals during electroencephelography?

To contrast to electrocardiography signals are certainly the result of collective neural activity in the brain

When the cross sectional area of the vessel decreases 2 times, in the same vessel the pressure drop

increases 4 times

What is the reason of power stroke (detachment) of the myosin's head from the actin's fiber?

free ATP

How change the blood viscosity in the arterioles than aorta?

Decreases

What blood flow is able to produce noise?

the turbulent flow

What organ monitors movement and position of head?

vestibular system situated in the inner ear

Flow of the blood in artery and in aortic valve:

Laminar in the arteries, in aortic valve – turbulent

Where do Na+ and K+ ions move during active transport?

a transport process pumps sodium ions outward through the all membrane of all cells and at the same time pumps potassium ions from the outside to the inside

In what part of a muscular cell does the contraction site locate?

in the sarcomere

When the cross sectional area of the vessel increases 2 times, in the same vessel the pressure drop

decreases 4 times

Why osmotic pressure caused by nondissociated molecules depend on number of osmotic particles, not on the mass of the particles.

because large particles move at slower velocities, the small particles move at higher velocities

The movement feature of the blood in the capillaries:

erythrocytes are deformed, viscosity of the blood decreases

By what important characteristics the protein channels are distinguished?

How change the blood viscosity during heavy physical work than normal state?

increases

What physical quantity is registered as a function of time by the method of electrocardiography?

amplitude of electric field in joints

What process is termed by osmosis?

net movement of water caused by concentration difference of water is called osmosis

For person who is standing erect the blood pressure

above the heart in the head is lower than that it in the feet

What does the elastic limit represent?

reversible deformation up to given elastic limit

107 V/m

The linear velocity of the blood

is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the vessel

What contraction is said to be isotonic contraction?

when the muscle does shorten but the tension on the muscle remains constant through the contraction

What is the origin of extracellular electric fields and currents (directed and indirected electric currents) in biological organisms?

They can be generated directly as a result of ion transport in living cells or indirectly as a streaming potentials or even by piezoelectric effect

What quantity of living cells can be determined by vibrating probe technique?

Electric current

Difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion:

in simple diffusion the rate of diffusion linear increases with concentration of substance, but in the case of facilitated diffusion, the rate of diffusion cannot rise greater than the Vmax level

During propagation of action potential through the membranes:

the resistance to Na⁺ ions decreases

In what vessel the dynamic pressure of the blood is the greatest?

In the aorta

20 N

What behavior does the whole blood have?

pseudoplastic thixotropic

-In which part of the body the hydrostatic pressure of the blood is less?

In the brain

100

What is the role of Ca++ in the muscle contraction?

is combined with troponin