Select that is characteristic for agony stage of terminal state:

Characterize the biological death.

Select the cause of infectious complication during acute radiation disease:

Select that is not characteristic for crash syndrome:

Select that is not characteristic for desaturation:

Select that is not characteristic for complete stage of acute radiation disease:

Which change is observed on cells under direct influence of ionizing radiation?

Select the defensive-compensatory mechanism that prevents ionizing radiation:

Select the sequence of pancytopenia during acute radiation disease:

Choose the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome during acute radiation sickness?

Select that is not characteristic for agammaglobulinemia:

Select that is not characteristic for daltonism:

Select that is not characteristic for expansion of triplet nucleotides:

The following changes are appeared in blood after a day of radiation (3. 5 Qr): erythrocytes - 4. 7·1012/l, hemoglobin – 120 g/l, leukocytes - 11·109 /l, thrombocytes - 270·109 /l. Blood smear: basophiles-1%, eosinophiles-3%, neutrophiles-81%, lymphocytes- 11%, monocytes-4%. For which period of acute radiation sickness all these changes are characteristic?

Select that is characteristic for Recklinghausen disease:

Select that is characteristic for burn disease:

Select the main reason of hemolysis during burn disease:

Select that is characteristic for erectile stage of burn shock:

Select the changes of nervous system during torpid stage of burn shock.

Select that is not characteristic for exhaustion stage of burn disease:

Select that is not the cause of hypercalciemia:

Select irreversible change during cell injury:

Select the incorrect version:

Choose the condition of saturation of gases:

Select the chemotaxins: 1) Bacterial lypoipolysacharides 2) C-reactive protein 3) IL-8 4) IgG 5) PAF

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left is observed during: 1) Hypocapnia 2) Increasing of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes 3) Thalassemia 4) Decreasing of body temperature 5) Hypercapnia

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right is observed during: 1) Thalassemia 2) Hypercapnia 3) Increasing of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes 4) Chronic hypoxia 5) Increasing of body temperature

Similar feature of tissue hypoxia and hemic hypoxia:

Respirator hypoxia is accompanied with: 1) Hypercapnia 2) Spasm of cerebral vessels 3) Gaseous acidosis 4) Hypocalcemia 5) Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right

Hemic hypoxia develops during:

Choose the type of hypoxia accompanied with increasing of PvO2:

Chronic hypoxia develops during: 1) Heart defects 2) Poisoning with cyanides 3) Iron deficiency anemia 4) Asphyxia 5) Cardiac asthma

Choose that is accompanied by local endogenous hypoxia: 1) Ischemia 2) Venous hyperemia 3) Mountain disease 4) High altitude disease 5) Stasis

Choose that is the reason of development of circulatory hypoxia of vascular origin:

Choose that is the reason of development of system circulatory hypoxia: 1) Venous hyperemia 2) Hypovolemy 3) Cardiac insufficiency 4) Stasis 5) Decreasing of vascular tonicity

Choose that is the reason of development of centralization of blood circulation during hypoxia:

Determine the changes in electrolyte metabolism during extreme states: 1) Increasing of intracellular Na+ 2) Increasing of extracellular K+ 3) Increasing of intracellular Mg2+ 4) Increasing of extracellular Na+ 5) Increasing of intracellular Ca2+

Difference of torpid phase of shock from erectile:

Characteristic feature of burn shock:

Choose that is the reason of development of vasodilatory collapse:

Match the followings: The reasons of coma: I. Exogenous II. Endogenous a) neurotropic viruses b) ischemic insult c) starvation d) hypoinsulinism e) insufficiency of adrenal gland I II

Match the followings: I. Shock II. Collapse 1) Primary changes occur in nervous system 2) Vasodilator and hypovolemic types are distinguished 3) Primary changes occur in cardio-vascular system 4) Erectile and torpid phases are distinguished I II

Choose the incorrect version:

In this type of extreme states the primary changes occur in nervous system:

Choose that is not characteristic for coma:

Leads to development of "shock kidneys": 1) Hypervolemy 2) Postcapillary angiospasm 3) Hyperfiltration in glomeruli 4) Hypoperfusion of kidneys 5) Hyperoxemia

Choose the pathogenetic factor of collapse:

Choose that is not belong to the pathogenetic therapy of comatose states:

Orthostatic collapse develops during:

The type of collapse developing during insufficiency of adrenal gland:

Determine the sequence of mechanisms during "shock kidneys": 1) Acute renal insufficiency 2) Decreasing of filtration pressure in renal glomeruli 3) Extreme irritant 4) Disturbances of filtration and reabsorption 5) Disturbance of blood circulation

Choose that is not belong to the microcirculatory changes during collapse:

Choose the correct version:

Formation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes is disturbed: 1) Di-George syndrome 2) West syndrome 3) Bruton syndrome 4) Mac-Kusic syndrome 5) Neselof syndrome

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with exema and thrombocytopenia:

Choose the target cells of AIDS virus :

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with ataxia and teleangiectasia:

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with cleft palate and coarctation of aorta:

Choose the reason why B-lymphocytes can’t recognize antigens in AIDS:

Choose the immunological marker of autoimmune hemolytic anemia:

Choose the immunological marker of myasthenia gravis:

Choose that is not autoimmune disease:

Select the peripheral mechanisms of physiological tolerance: 1) Anergia 2) Immune deficiency states 3) Supression by regulatory T- cells 4) Excess activatipon of T-supressors 5) Apoptosis 6) Excess load of immune system by antigens

Select the mechanisms of development of auto-allergic diseases: 1) Disturbance of activation of complement sysytem 2) Hereditary predisposition 3) Infection 4) Disturbance metabolism of arachidonic acid 5) Disturbance of immunological tolerance 6) Non-adequate degranulation of must cells

Select the genes that controls passage of G1 phase to the S phase in cellular cycle: 1) Rb 2) p53 3) ERB-1 4) N-RAS 5) K-RAS 6) TGF-β

Hypoosmolar hyperhydration is observed during:

Pathological hypoglycemia is not observed during:

Select the main sign of hypercalciemia:

Select the main sign of hypernatriemia:

Select that is characteristic for Costmann disease:

Select that is characteristic for “lazy” leukocyte syndrome:

Prolypherative inflammation is not observed during:

Select that is not observed during emboli of portal vein:

Damage of cell by protein mechanism leads to:

Choose the characteristic features of the typical pathological processes ?

Choose the correct sequence of destroying of organs and tissues in the process of death.

What does the semiotic mean?

What does the etiology mean?

What does the pathogenesis mean?

What does the pathological process mean?

What does the vicious circle mean?

What does the pathological reaction mean?

The main link of pathogenesis:

Choose the outcomes of the disease:

Select the correct sequences of the stages of disease:

Select the main change of pathological process which leads to the development of all other stages:

Protracted disturbance of functions and structures of the organs is called:

Characterize the latent period of diseases.

Select the local change of disease:

Select the typical pathological processes: 1) Diabetes mellitus 2) Gastritis 3) Cell injury 4) Fever

Select the pathological states: 1) Scar 2) Gastritis 3) Gastric ulcer 4) Birthmark

Match the versions: Ways of spreading of pathogenic agents Diseases Hematogenic Х Lymphogenic Y Through the nervous fibers Z

Choose the pathological states. 1) Inflammation 2) The state after amputation 3) Fever 4) Scar after burn 5) Birthmark

Choose the diseases. 1) Lung cancer 2) Edema 3) Appendicitis 4) Hypoxia 5) Tonsillitis

Choose the outcome of disease. 1) Stomach ulcer 2) Relapse 3) Agony 4) Terminal pause 5) Death

Choose the immediate mechanisms of sanogenesis. 1) Vomiting 2) Acceleration of erythropoiesis 3) Development of collaterals 4) Sneezing 5) Production of antibody

Choose the factor which influences only in the beginning of disease:

Select the base of pathogenetic therapy of allergic disease:

Choose the relative stable defensive – adaptation reaction:

Choose the stable defensive – adaptation reaction: