pathology

105問 • 1年前

Merve

通報

問題一覧

Select that is characteristic for agony stage of terminal state:

Qasping respiration

Characterize the biological death.

formation of irreversible changes in the cerebral cortex

Select the cause of infectious complication during acute radiation disease:

leukopenia

Select that is not characteristic for crash syndrome:

hemodilution

Select that is not characteristic for desaturation:

increasing dissolving of gaseous in the blood

Select that is not characteristic for complete stage of acute radiation disease:

decreasing of residual nitrogen in the blood

Which change is observed on cells under direct influence of ionizing radiation?

fragmentation of DNA molecules

Select the defensive-compensatory mechanism that prevents ionizing radiation:

activation of DNA reparation system

Select the sequence of pancytopenia during acute radiation disease:

lymphocytopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia

Choose the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome during acute radiation sickness?

thrombocytopenia

Select that is not characteristic for agammaglobulinemia:

inherits by autosomal dominant way

Select that is not characteristic for daltonism:

inherits by autosomal recessive way

Select that is not characteristic for expansion of triplet nucleotides:

inherits by X-chromosomal recessive way

The following changes are appeared in blood after a day of radiation (3. 5 Qr): erythrocytes - 4. 7·1012/l, hemoglobin – 120 g/l, leukocytes - 11·109 /l, thrombocytes - 270·109 /l. Blood smear: basophiles-1%, eosinophiles-3%, neutrophiles-81%, lymphocytes- 11%, monocytes-4%. For which period of acute radiation sickness all these changes are characteristic?

period of initial manifestations

Select that is characteristic for Recklinghausen disease:

neurogenic tumors that develops along of nervous fibers

Select that is characteristic for burn disease:

increasing of ESR

Select the main reason of hemolysis during burn disease:

entering of toxic substances into the blood from injured tissues

Select that is characteristic for erectile stage of burn shock:

increasing activity of circulatory system

Select the changes of nervous system during torpid stage of burn shock.

inhibition activity of brain cortex and subcortical nucleus

Select that is not characteristic for exhaustion stage of burn disease:

hypertrophy of adrenal cortex

Select that is not the cause of hypercalciemia:

decreasing reabsorption of calcium in renal tubules

Select irreversible change during cell injury:

damage of lyzosomal membrane

Select the incorrect version:

at first lymphocytes emigrate to the focus of inflammation

Choose the condition of saturation of gases:

high atmospheric pressure

Select the chemotaxins: 1) Bacterial lypoipolysacharides 2) C-reactive protein 3) IL-8 4) IgG 5) PAF

1, 3, 5

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left is observed during: 1) Hypocapnia 2) Increasing of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes 3) Thalassemia 4) Decreasing of body temperature 5) Hypercapnia

1,3,4

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right is observed during: 1) Thalassemia 2) Hypercapnia 3) Increasing of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes 4) Chronic hypoxia 5) Increasing of body temperature

2,3,5

Similar feature of tissue hypoxia and hemic hypoxia:

development of non-gaseous acidosis

Respirator hypoxia is accompanied with: 1) Hypercapnia 2) Spasm of cerebral vessels 3) Gaseous acidosis 4) Hypocalcemia 5) Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right

1,3,5

Hemic hypoxia develops during:

poisoning with bertole salt

Choose the type of hypoxia accompanied with increasing of PvO2:

tissue

Chronic hypoxia develops during: 1) Heart defects 2) Poisoning with cyanides 3) Iron deficiency anemia 4) Asphyxia 5) Cardiac asthma

1,3

Choose that is accompanied by local endogenous hypoxia: 1) Ischemia 2) Venous hyperemia 3) Mountain disease 4) High altitude disease 5) Stasis

1,2,5

Choose that is the reason of development of circulatory hypoxia of vascular origin:

insufficiency of adrenal glands

Choose that is the reason of development of system circulatory hypoxia: 1) Venous hyperemia 2) Hypovolemy 3) Cardiac insufficiency 4) Stasis 5) Decreasing of vascular tonicity

2,3,5

Choose that is the reason of development of centralization of blood circulation during hypoxia:

activation of symphato-adrenal system

Determine the changes in electrolyte metabolism during extreme states: 1) Increasing of intracellular Na+ 2) Increasing of extracellular K+ 3) Increasing of intracellular Mg2+ 4) Increasing of extracellular Na+ 5) Increasing of intracellular Ca2+

1,2,5

Difference of torpid phase of shock from erectile:

hyporeflexia is observed

Characteristic feature of burn shock:

massive loss of plasma

Choose that is the reason of development of vasodilatory collapse:

decreasing of peripheral vascular resistance

Match the followings: The reasons of coma: I. Exogenous II. Endogenous a) neurotropic viruses b) ischemic insult c) starvation d) hypoinsulinism e) insufficiency of adrenal gland I II

a, c b, d, e

Match the followings: I. Shock II. Collapse 1) Primary changes occur in nervous system 2) Vasodilator and hypovolemic types are distinguished 3) Primary changes occur in cardio-vascular system 4) Erectile and torpid phases are distinguished I II

1,4 2,3

Choose the incorrect version:

in erectile stage of shock hypocatecholaminemia develops

In this type of extreme states the primary changes occur in nervous system:

traumatic shock

Choose that is not characteristic for coma:

hyperreflexia

Leads to development of "shock kidneys": 1) Hypervolemy 2) Postcapillary angiospasm 3) Hyperfiltration in glomeruli 4) Hypoperfusion of kidneys 5) Hyperoxemia

2,4

Choose the pathogenetic factor of collapse:

decreasing of peripheral vascular resistance

Choose that is not belong to the pathogenetic therapy of comatose states:

using of antidotes

Orthostatic collapse develops during:

sudden passage from bed regime to the vertical position

The type of collapse developing during insufficiency of adrenal gland:

vasodilatation

Determine the sequence of mechanisms during "shock kidneys": 1) Acute renal insufficiency 2) Decreasing of filtration pressure in renal glomeruli 3) Extreme irritant 4) Disturbances of filtration and reabsorption 5) Disturbance of blood circulation

3,5,2,4,1

Choose that is not belong to the microcirculatory changes during collapse:

hypervolemy

Choose the correct version:

collapse is accompanied by decreasing of venous pressure

Formation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes is disturbed: 1) Di-George syndrome 2) West syndrome 3) Bruton syndrome 4) Mac-Kusic syndrome 5) Neselof syndrome

1,4,5

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with exema and thrombocytopenia:

Wiskott-Aldrige syndrome

Choose the target cells of AIDS virus :

CD4+ lymphocytes

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with ataxia and teleangiectasia:

Louis-Bar syndrome

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with cleft palate and coarctation of aorta:

Di-George syndrome

Choose the reason why B-lymphocytes can’t recognize antigens in AIDS:

due to damaging of CD4 + Th2 cells

Choose the immunological marker of autoimmune hemolytic anemia:

autoantibodies against Rh-antigen

Choose the immunological marker of myasthenia gravis:

antibodies against acetylcholine receptors

Choose that is not autoimmune disease:

Glanzmann-Riniker syndrome

Select the peripheral mechanisms of physiological tolerance: 1) Anergia 2) Immune deficiency states 3) Supression by regulatory T- cells 4) Excess activatipon of T-supressors 5) Apoptosis 6) Excess load of immune system by antigens

1,3,5

Select the mechanisms of development of auto-allergic diseases: 1) Disturbance of activation of complement sysytem 2) Hereditary predisposition 3) Infection 4) Disturbance metabolism of arachidonic acid 5) Disturbance of immunological tolerance 6) Non-adequate degranulation of must cells

2,3,5

Select the genes that controls passage of G1 phase to the S phase in cellular cycle: 1) Rb 2) p53 3) ERB-1 4) N-RAS 5) K-RAS 6) TGF-β

1,2,6

Hypoosmolar hyperhydration is observed during:

increasing secretion of antidiuretuc hormone

Pathological hypoglycemia is not observed during:

pheochromacytoma

Select the main sign of hypercalciemia:

nephrolithiasis

Select the main sign of hypernatriemia:

arterial hypertension

Select that is characteristic for Costmann disease:

disturbance prolipheration of granulocytar stem cells in bone marrow

Select that is characteristic for “lazy” leukocyte syndrome:

disturbance polimeration of actin microfilament in phagocytes

Prolypherative inflammation is not observed during:

absesses

Select that is not observed during emboli of portal vein:

increasing of circulated blood volume

Damage of cell by protein mechanism leads to:

activation of chaperons

Choose the characteristic features of the typical pathological processes ?

pathological processes is a poly- etiological, mono- pathogenetical and has general regularities of development

Choose the correct sequence of destroying of organs and tissues in the process of death.

cerebral cortex, subcortical nuclei, brain stem, spinal cord, parenchymatous organs

What does the semiotic mean?

teaching about signs and mechanisms of development of diseases

What does the etiology mean?

teaching about reasons and conditions of diseases

What does the pathogenesis mean?

teaching about mechanisms of development, course and outcomes of diseases

What does the pathological process mean?

unity of damaging and compensation reactions of the organism after influence of pathogenic factors

What does the vicious circle mean?

Causative-result interrelations replay each other in a such way, that after some sequence of processes the pathogenical mechanisms are aggravated

What does the pathological reaction mean?

extraordinary reactions with short duration to stimulation

The main link of pathogenesis:

dilation arterioles in arterial hyperemia

Choose the outcomes of the disease:

recovery, relapse, death, transition to the chronic form

Select the correct sequences of the stages of disease:

latent, prodromal, the period of clinical manifestations, outcome

Select the main change of pathological process which leads to the development of all other stages:

main link of pathogenesis

Protracted disturbance of functions and structures of the organs is called:

pathological state

Characterize the latent period of diseases.

the period occurred before appearance of the first symptoms of disease

Select the local change of disease:

increasing the volume of organ and tissues

Select the typical pathological processes: 1) Diabetes mellitus 2) Gastritis 3) Cell injury 4) Fever

3, 4

Select the pathological states: 1) Scar 2) Gastritis 3) Gastric ulcer 4) Birthmark

1, 4

Match the versions: Ways of spreading of pathogenic agents Diseases Hematogenic Х Lymphogenic Y Through the nervous fibers Z

X-sarcoma, Y-cancer disease, Z-tetanus viruses

Choose the pathological states. 1) Inflammation 2) The state after amputation 3) Fever 4) Scar after burn 5) Birthmark

2, 4, 5

Choose the diseases. 1) Lung cancer 2) Edema 3) Appendicitis 4) Hypoxia 5) Tonsillitis

1, 3, 5

Choose the outcome of disease. 1) Stomach ulcer 2) Relapse 3) Agony 4) Terminal pause 5) Death

2, 5

Choose the immediate mechanisms of sanogenesis. 1) Vomiting 2) Acceleration of erythropoiesis 3) Development of collaterals 4) Sneezing 5) Production of antibody

1, 4

Choose the factor which influences only in the beginning of disease:

ionizing radiation

Select the base of pathogenetic therapy of allergic disease:

inhibition synthesis of antibodies

Choose the relative stable defensive – adaptation reaction:

reaction elements of connective tissue

100

Choose the stable defensive – adaptation reaction:

regeneration

physiology

physiology

physiology

physiology

biochemistry

biochemistry

physics

physics

biophysics

biophysics

physics 3

physics 3

physiology respiratory 1-50

Merve · 50問 · 1年前

physiology respiratory 1-50

physics 2

physics 2

micro 19-23

micro 19-23

micro toplu

micro toplu

問題一覧

Select that is characteristic for agony stage of terminal state:

Qasping respiration

Characterize the biological death.

formation of irreversible changes in the cerebral cortex

Select the cause of infectious complication during acute radiation disease:

leukopenia

Select that is not characteristic for crash syndrome:

hemodilution

Select that is not characteristic for desaturation:

increasing dissolving of gaseous in the blood

Select that is not characteristic for complete stage of acute radiation disease:

decreasing of residual nitrogen in the blood

Which change is observed on cells under direct influence of ionizing radiation?

fragmentation of DNA molecules

Select the defensive-compensatory mechanism that prevents ionizing radiation:

activation of DNA reparation system

Select the sequence of pancytopenia during acute radiation disease:

lymphocytopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia

Choose the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome during acute radiation sickness?

thrombocytopenia

Select that is not characteristic for agammaglobulinemia:

inherits by autosomal dominant way

Select that is not characteristic for daltonism:

inherits by autosomal recessive way

Select that is not characteristic for expansion of triplet nucleotides:

inherits by X-chromosomal recessive way

period of initial manifestations

Select that is characteristic for Recklinghausen disease:

neurogenic tumors that develops along of nervous fibers

Select that is characteristic for burn disease:

increasing of ESR

Select the main reason of hemolysis during burn disease:

entering of toxic substances into the blood from injured tissues

Select that is characteristic for erectile stage of burn shock:

increasing activity of circulatory system

Select the changes of nervous system during torpid stage of burn shock.

inhibition activity of brain cortex and subcortical nucleus

Select that is not characteristic for exhaustion stage of burn disease:

hypertrophy of adrenal cortex

Select that is not the cause of hypercalciemia:

decreasing reabsorption of calcium in renal tubules

Select irreversible change during cell injury:

damage of lyzosomal membrane

Select the incorrect version:

at first lymphocytes emigrate to the focus of inflammation

Choose the condition of saturation of gases:

high atmospheric pressure

Select the chemotaxins: 1) Bacterial lypoipolysacharides 2) C-reactive protein 3) IL-8 4) IgG 5) PAF

1, 3, 5

1,3,4

2,3,5

Similar feature of tissue hypoxia and hemic hypoxia:

development of non-gaseous acidosis

Respirator hypoxia is accompanied with: 1) Hypercapnia 2) Spasm of cerebral vessels 3) Gaseous acidosis 4) Hypocalcemia 5) Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the right

1,3,5

Hemic hypoxia develops during:

poisoning with bertole salt

Choose the type of hypoxia accompanied with increasing of PvO2:

tissue

Chronic hypoxia develops during: 1) Heart defects 2) Poisoning with cyanides 3) Iron deficiency anemia 4) Asphyxia 5) Cardiac asthma

1,3

Choose that is accompanied by local endogenous hypoxia: 1) Ischemia 2) Venous hyperemia 3) Mountain disease 4) High altitude disease 5) Stasis

1,2,5

Choose that is the reason of development of circulatory hypoxia of vascular origin:

insufficiency of adrenal glands

Choose that is the reason of development of system circulatory hypoxia: 1) Venous hyperemia 2) Hypovolemy 3) Cardiac insufficiency 4) Stasis 5) Decreasing of vascular tonicity

2,3,5

Choose that is the reason of development of centralization of blood circulation during hypoxia:

activation of symphato-adrenal system

1,2,5

Difference of torpid phase of shock from erectile:

hyporeflexia is observed

Characteristic feature of burn shock:

massive loss of plasma

Choose that is the reason of development of vasodilatory collapse:

decreasing of peripheral vascular resistance

Match the followings: The reasons of coma: I. Exogenous II. Endogenous a) neurotropic viruses b) ischemic insult c) starvation d) hypoinsulinism e) insufficiency of adrenal gland I II

a, c b, d, e

1,4 2,3

Choose the incorrect version:

in erectile stage of shock hypocatecholaminemia develops

In this type of extreme states the primary changes occur in nervous system:

traumatic shock

Choose that is not characteristic for coma:

hyperreflexia

Leads to development of "shock kidneys": 1) Hypervolemy 2) Postcapillary angiospasm 3) Hyperfiltration in glomeruli 4) Hypoperfusion of kidneys 5) Hyperoxemia

2,4

Choose the pathogenetic factor of collapse:

decreasing of peripheral vascular resistance

Choose that is not belong to the pathogenetic therapy of comatose states:

using of antidotes

Orthostatic collapse develops during:

sudden passage from bed regime to the vertical position

The type of collapse developing during insufficiency of adrenal gland:

vasodilatation

3,5,2,4,1

Choose that is not belong to the microcirculatory changes during collapse:

hypervolemy

Choose the correct version:

collapse is accompanied by decreasing of venous pressure

Formation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes is disturbed: 1) Di-George syndrome 2) West syndrome 3) Bruton syndrome 4) Mac-Kusic syndrome 5) Neselof syndrome

1,4,5

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with exema and thrombocytopenia:

Wiskott-Aldrige syndrome

Choose the target cells of AIDS virus :

CD4+ lymphocytes

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with ataxia and teleangiectasia:

Louis-Bar syndrome

Choose the immune deficiency syndrome which accompanied with cleft palate and coarctation of aorta:

Di-George syndrome

Choose the reason why B-lymphocytes can’t recognize antigens in AIDS:

due to damaging of CD4 + Th2 cells

Choose the immunological marker of autoimmune hemolytic anemia:

autoantibodies against Rh-antigen

Choose the immunological marker of myasthenia gravis:

antibodies against acetylcholine receptors

Choose that is not autoimmune disease:

Glanzmann-Riniker syndrome

1,3,5

2,3,5

Select the genes that controls passage of G1 phase to the S phase in cellular cycle: 1) Rb 2) p53 3) ERB-1 4) N-RAS 5) K-RAS 6) TGF-β

1,2,6

Hypoosmolar hyperhydration is observed during:

increasing secretion of antidiuretuc hormone

Pathological hypoglycemia is not observed during:

pheochromacytoma

Select the main sign of hypercalciemia:

nephrolithiasis

Select the main sign of hypernatriemia:

arterial hypertension

Select that is characteristic for Costmann disease:

disturbance prolipheration of granulocytar stem cells in bone marrow

Select that is characteristic for “lazy” leukocyte syndrome:

disturbance polimeration of actin microfilament in phagocytes

Prolypherative inflammation is not observed during:

absesses

Select that is not observed during emboli of portal vein:

increasing of circulated blood volume

Damage of cell by protein mechanism leads to:

activation of chaperons

Choose the characteristic features of the typical pathological processes ?

pathological processes is a poly- etiological, mono- pathogenetical and has general regularities of development

Choose the correct sequence of destroying of organs and tissues in the process of death.

cerebral cortex, subcortical nuclei, brain stem, spinal cord, parenchymatous organs

What does the semiotic mean?

teaching about signs and mechanisms of development of diseases

What does the etiology mean?

teaching about reasons and conditions of diseases

What does the pathogenesis mean?

teaching about mechanisms of development, course and outcomes of diseases

What does the pathological process mean?

unity of damaging and compensation reactions of the organism after influence of pathogenic factors

What does the vicious circle mean?

Causative-result interrelations replay each other in a such way, that after some sequence of processes the pathogenical mechanisms are aggravated

What does the pathological reaction mean?

extraordinary reactions with short duration to stimulation

The main link of pathogenesis:

dilation arterioles in arterial hyperemia

Choose the outcomes of the disease:

recovery, relapse, death, transition to the chronic form

Select the correct sequences of the stages of disease:

latent, prodromal, the period of clinical manifestations, outcome

Select the main change of pathological process which leads to the development of all other stages:

main link of pathogenesis

Protracted disturbance of functions and structures of the organs is called:

pathological state

Characterize the latent period of diseases.

the period occurred before appearance of the first symptoms of disease

Select the local change of disease:

increasing the volume of organ and tissues

Select the typical pathological processes: 1) Diabetes mellitus 2) Gastritis 3) Cell injury 4) Fever

3, 4

Select the pathological states: 1) Scar 2) Gastritis 3) Gastric ulcer 4) Birthmark

1, 4

Match the versions: Ways of spreading of pathogenic agents Diseases Hematogenic Х Lymphogenic Y Through the nervous fibers Z

X-sarcoma, Y-cancer disease, Z-tetanus viruses

Choose the pathological states. 1) Inflammation 2) The state after amputation 3) Fever 4) Scar after burn 5) Birthmark

2, 4, 5

Choose the diseases. 1) Lung cancer 2) Edema 3) Appendicitis 4) Hypoxia 5) Tonsillitis

1, 3, 5

Choose the outcome of disease. 1) Stomach ulcer 2) Relapse 3) Agony 4) Terminal pause 5) Death

2, 5

Choose the immediate mechanisms of sanogenesis. 1) Vomiting 2) Acceleration of erythropoiesis 3) Development of collaterals 4) Sneezing 5) Production of antibody

1, 4

Choose the factor which influences only in the beginning of disease:

ionizing radiation

Select the base of pathogenetic therapy of allergic disease:

inhibition synthesis of antibodies

Choose the relative stable defensive – adaptation reaction:

reaction elements of connective tissue

100

Choose the stable defensive – adaptation reaction:

regeneration