biochemistry

136問 • 2年前

Merve

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問題一覧

Final product of hydrolysis of proteins is :

amino acids

Which is complex protein ?

vitin

Which of the following bonds are formed in a primary structure of protein?

peptide bonds

Carnosine and anserine are composed of

β-alanine and histidine

Interferon is :

glycoprotein

C-terminal amino acid can be determined with:

carboxypeptidase

N-terminal amino acid can be determined with:

Sanger method

Which substance dilates the vessels and increases the permeability of the vascular wall?

bradykinin

Choose the row of amino acids containing a hydroxyl group.

serine, threonine

To which amino acids does the phosphoric acid residue bind in the molecule of phosphoproteins?

ser, thr

Which changes occur in protein at the isoelectric point?

its solubility decreases

Which proteins contain copper?

cytochrome oxidase, ceruroplasmin

Which amino acid constitutes 1/3 part of collagen?

glycine

Which protein contains glycine, proline and hydroxyproline amino acids?

collagen

Property characteristic for serine amino acid:

is a hydrophilic and non-essential amino acid

Show correct sequence in II chain of DNA molecule, if the sequence of monomers in I chain is T-C-G-A-G-G-A-C-A:

A-G-C-T-C-C-T-G-T

Which type of bonds participates in the formation of primary structure of nucleic acids?

3’,5’-phosphodiester

Show the correct row with the components of nucleotides.

pentose, nitrogen base, residue of phosphoric acid

What is nucleoside?

It is compound of nitrogen base and pentose

Which product is obtained on the complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids?

guanine

Which of the following is minor nucleoside?

pseudouridine

Which of the following bonds are formed in a secondary structure of protein?

hydrogen bonds

The activation of which enzyme causes autolysis of the pancreas in a patient whose urine diastasis index is 10 times higher than normal?

trypsin

Which of the following belongs to ligases?

carboxylases

Which of the following belongs to lyases?

decarboxylases

Which bonds are cleaved by proteases?

peptide bonds

According to the type of catalyzed reactions, enzymes are divided into:

oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases

How can enzymes be categorized into classes?

based on the type of reactions catalyzed by an enzyme

Enzymes increase the speed of reaction because:

they decrease the energy of activation of the chemical reaction

Which enzymes include FAD?

xanthin oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase

Ligases:

catalyze synthesis reactions and use ATP

Show the types of dehydrogenases:

reductases, oxidases, oxygenases, peroxidases

The speed of the enzymatic reaction increases: 1) During the decrease in temperature 2) During the increase in the amount of enzymes 3) During enzyme denaturation 4) During coenzyme deficiency 5) When adding the specific activator

2,5

What type of reactions do kinases catalyze?

phosphorylation

Esterases, lypases, nucleases belong to

hydrolases

Functional groups of which amino acids in enzymes can participate in the catalysis?

lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, phenylalanine, histidine

Properties of synapses: 1) two-way conduction of excitation 2) one-way conduction of excitation 3) synaptic delay 4) high rate of excitation conduction 5) high fatigue 6) ability to summation of excitations

2; 3; 5; 6

On the postsynaptic membrane under the influence of an excitatory mediator happens:

depolarization due to Na+ ions

The selective effect of curare on the myoneural synapse is explained by: 1) action on the presynaptic membrane 2) action on the postsynaptic membrane 3) paralyzed the motor nerve endings in the muscle 4) action on synaptic cleft 5) stimulation of local response to spike response.

2, 3

At the closing of electrical circuit at the development of physiological catelectrotonus occurs:

decreasing of stimulation threshold

Subnormal phase of action potential is related to:

formation of after hyperpolarization

How is an excitability of tissues under cathode and anode at prolonged action of direct electrical current changed?

increases under the cathode, decreases under the anode

Physiological characteristics of excitable tissue, reflecting its ability to reproduce the maximum number of impulses per unit of time, is called:

lability

White muscle fibers have the following peculiarities: 1) lack of myoglobin 2) low glycogen reserve 3) is able to the powerful contraction 4) is unable to the powerful contraction 5) practical indefatigability 6) rapid (phase) activity

1,3,6

Smooth muscles compared to skeletal muscles possess: 1) high excitability 2) plasticity 3) high sensitivity to chemicals 4) high lability 5) rapid fatigue

2, 3

Muscle fatigue is explained by: 1) increasing the rate of excitation transmission along the nerve 2) accumulation of metabolism substances 3) increasing of cholinesterase activity 4) exhaustion of Ca++ depot 5) accumulation of energy resource 6) exhaustion of energy resource

2,4,6

The motor unit is:

motoneuron and the muscle fibers innervated by it

Comparison: 1) contraction of the muscles is a result of stimulation by number of superthreshold impulses each of which acts at the phase of relaxation is called: 2) contraction of the muscles is a result of stimulation by number of superthreshold impulses each of which acts at the phase of contraction is called: a) denticulated tetanus b) smooth tetanus c) optimum of contraction d) pessimum of contraction

1-a; 2-b

Comparison: 1) the mechanism of the pessimum is due to the duration: 2) the mechanism of the optimum is due to the duration: a) phases of supernormal excitability b) absolute refractory phase of excitable tissue c) phases of subnormal excitability d) relative refractory phase of excitable tissue

1 - b; 2-a

Skeletal muscles perform the function of: 1) moving the body in space 2) ensuring the tone of blood vessels 3) evacuation of chyme in the digestive tract 4) maintaining posture 5) anti-gravity

1, 4, 5

Comparison: 1) fast phasic movements are provided by muscle fibers: 2) slow tonic movements are provided by muscle fibers: a) intrafusal b) red c) white

1-c; 2-b

Comparison: 1) intrafusal muscle fibers are innervated by motoneurons: 2) extrafusal muscle fibers are innervated by motoneurons: a) alpha b) beta c) gamma

1-c; 2-a

What are the laws of excitation transmission in the nerve and muscle fibers? 1) anatomical and physiological safety of fiber 2) two-way conduction of impulses 3) polar rule of excitation 4) physiological electrotone 5) isolated conduction of impulses 6) Pfluger’s rule of muscle contraction

1, 2, 5

The various velocity of transmission of excitation along nerve fibers is determined by:

different diameters of fibers and presence of Ranvier nodes

What is a role of Aγ type of fibers?

transmit an excitation from the spinal cord to the intrafusal muscle fibers

In myelinated nerve fiber, the isolating and trophic function is performed by:

myelin sheath

What processes are caused by the mediator of the inhibitory neuron, as a rule, on the postsynaptic membrane?

hyperpolarization

Postsynaptic inhibition occurs when:

short-term hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane occurs at activated of inhibitory neurons

Somatic spinal reflexes are:

tendon and stretching

Comparison: 1) somatic spinal reflexes: 2) vegetative spinal reflexes: a) plantar b) urination c) tendon d) erection e) ejaculation

1-a,c; 2-b,d,e

Comparison: 1) somatic spinal reflexes: 2) vegetative spinal reflexes: a) plantar b) urination c) tendon d) erection e) ejaculation

1-a,c; 2-b,d,e

The main bulbar reflexes: 1) swallowing 2) postures 3) anal 4) coughing 5) statokinetic 6) stretching

1, 4

The transformation of the rhythm of excitation occurs when:

multiplying the number of impulses

Evoked potential is:

electrical reaction of the certain areas of the central nervous system in response to the afferent impulses

Comparison: 1) anterior quadriceps of the corpora quadrigemina 2) posterior quadriceps of the corpora quadrigemina 3) substantia nigra a) regulation of emotional behaviour b) lodges the dopamine-containing neurons c) are the primary auditory centers d) are the primary optic centers e) sends axons to the nuclei of the corpus striatum

1-d; 2-c; 3-a,b,e

Reflexes ensuring the return of the body from an unnatural position to a normal one is called:

righting

Reflexes evoked by movement of the body is called:

statokinetic

Choose: Dopaminergic neurons are concentrated mainly in: 1) hindbrain 2) red nucleus of the midbrain 3) substantia nigra of the midbrain 4) cerebellum 5) caudate nucleus of the striopallidar system 6) reticular formation

2, 3

Spinal shock is observed when the complete transection of the spinal cord is performed:

not higher than the IV-V cervical segments

Animals with decerebrate rigidity are not characterized by:

decrease the tone of the extensor muscles

During deep sleep the waves dominate on the electroencephalogram

theta

In which nuclei of diencephalon, the higher centers of the sympathetic nervous system are situated?

posterior hypothalamic nuclei

Spatial summation of impulses is provided by:

convergence of excitations

Center located in the hypothalamus:

motivational centers and higher centers of vegetative functions

What is the function of recurrent inhibition?

weakens the excitation of motor neurons by their own impulses through Renshaw cells

Efferent pathways of the spinal cord: 1) Goll 2) pyramidal 3) Burdach 4) rubrospinal 5) spinothalamic 6) tectospinal

2, 4, 6

Postganglionic sympathetic nerves are:

adrenergic, cholinergic

Features of the parasympathetic nervous system: 1) reduce the intensity of metabolism 2) branches are located in the walls of internal organs that have motor activity 3) transmission of excitation is mainly due to ATP and adenosine 4) preganglionary fibers are long 5) postganglionar fibers are short

1, 2 3

Comparison: 1) muscarinic cholinergic receptors are in: 2) nicotihic cholinergic receptors are in: a) autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system b) smooth muscles of the bronchi c) smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract d) autonomic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system e) myoneural synapses of skeletal muscles

1-b,c; 2-a,d,e

The main differences between the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic: 1) preganglionic fibers are short 2) postganglionic fibers are long 3) short-term effect of action 4) long-term effect of action 5) rapid start of the effect from the beginning of irritation 6) delayed effect from the start of irritation 7) intramural location of ganglia

1,2,4,6

The vegetative reflexes are: 1) statokinetic 2) oculocardiac 3) respiratory-cardiac 4) myostatic 5) ortostatic reactions 6) skin dermographism

2,3,5,6

The strengthening of the tone of the parasympathetic centers leads to: 1) weakening of cardiac activity 2) stimulation of cardiac activity 3) lowering blood pressure 4) increased blood pressure 5) increased gastric secretion 6) reducing the intensity of metabolism 7) increase the intensity of metabolism

1,3,5,6

In which nuclei of diencephalon, the centers of parasympathetic nervous system are situated?

anterior nuclei of hypothalamus

What physiological properties distinguish the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system?

high speed of excitation

Stimulation of which nuclei of hypothalamus provokes the decreasing of the arterial pressure?

Thyrocalcitonin has the effect: 1) inhibits the function of osteoclasts 2) activates the osteoblasts 3) enhances the functions of osteoblasts 4) promotes the entry of Ca++ into the bone 5) decreases the blood content of calcium

4, 5

The activity of the adenohypophysis is regulated by: 1) hypothalamus 2) thalamus 3) basal ganglia 4) statins 5) liberin 6) striopallidar system

1, 4, 5

Parathyroid hormone has the effect: 1) inhibits the function of osteoclasts 2) increases tubular reabsorption of calcium 3) enhances the functions of osteoblasts 4) promotes the entry of Ca++ into the bone 5) diminishes phosphate reabsorption

2, 5

Calcium-phosphorus metabolism is regulated: 1) glucagon 2) thymosin 3) calcitonin 4) adrenaline 5) insulin 6) parathormone

3, 6

At hypofunction of the pancreas occurs: 1) glucosuria 2) hypoglycemia 3) adipsia 4) polyuria 5) uremia 6) polydipsia

1, 4, 6

Comparison: 1) to reduce the level of insulin is characteristic: 2) to increase the level of insulin is characteristic: a) glucosuria b) lowering of body temperature c) polyuria d) hyperglycemia e) seizures

1 – a, c, d; 2 – b, e

Insufficient content of thyroid hormones in the body is a consequence of the lesion: 1) thalamus 2) hypothalamus 3) pituitary gland 4) epiphysis 5) parathyroid glands 6) thyroid gland

2, 3, 6

Hypophysial control of testosterone secretion is provided by hormones:

luteinizing

In human blood, almost all the effects of testosterone result from increased rate of:

proteins

The formation and release of glucocorticoids regulates the hormone:

adrenocorticotropic

The hormone participates in the adaptation of the body to a stressful situation:

glucocorticoids

Characteristics of the Addison disease: 1) bronze color of skin 2) tachycardia 3) inhibition of cardiac activity 4) polyurea 5) astenia 6) polydipsia

1;3;5

The effects of thyroxine on fat metabolism:

promotes the breakdown of fats in the body

The effect of parathyroid hormone on bone tissue:

does not affect bone tissue

100

The effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism: 1) increases the permeability of the muscle cell membrane for glucose 2) promotes the breakdown of glycogen 3) increases the permeability of the fat cell membrane for glucose 4) promotes the absorption of glucose 5) promotes the synthesis of glucose in the liver 6) prevents glucose reabsorption in the kidneys

2, 6

physiology

physiology

physiology

physiology

physics

physics

biophysics

biophysics

physics 3

physics 3

physiology respiratory 1-50

Merve · 50問 · 1年前

physiology respiratory 1-50

physics 2

physics 2

micro 19-23

micro 19-23

micro toplu

micro toplu

pathology

pathology

問題一覧

Final product of hydrolysis of proteins is :

amino acids

Which is complex protein ?

vitin

Which of the following bonds are formed in a primary structure of protein?

peptide bonds

Carnosine and anserine are composed of

β-alanine and histidine

Interferon is :

glycoprotein

C-terminal amino acid can be determined with:

carboxypeptidase

N-terminal amino acid can be determined with:

Sanger method

Which substance dilates the vessels and increases the permeability of the vascular wall?

bradykinin

Choose the row of amino acids containing a hydroxyl group.

serine, threonine

To which amino acids does the phosphoric acid residue bind in the molecule of phosphoproteins?

ser, thr

Which changes occur in protein at the isoelectric point?

its solubility decreases

Which proteins contain copper?

cytochrome oxidase, ceruroplasmin

Which amino acid constitutes 1/3 part of collagen?

glycine

Which protein contains glycine, proline and hydroxyproline amino acids?

collagen

Property characteristic for serine amino acid:

is a hydrophilic and non-essential amino acid

Show correct sequence in II chain of DNA molecule, if the sequence of monomers in I chain is T-C-G-A-G-G-A-C-A:

A-G-C-T-C-C-T-G-T

Which type of bonds participates in the formation of primary structure of nucleic acids?

3’,5’-phosphodiester

Show the correct row with the components of nucleotides.

pentose, nitrogen base, residue of phosphoric acid

What is nucleoside?

It is compound of nitrogen base and pentose

Which product is obtained on the complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids?

guanine

Which of the following is minor nucleoside?

pseudouridine

Which of the following bonds are formed in a secondary structure of protein?

hydrogen bonds

The activation of which enzyme causes autolysis of the pancreas in a patient whose urine diastasis index is 10 times higher than normal?

trypsin

Which of the following belongs to ligases?

carboxylases

Which of the following belongs to lyases?

decarboxylases

Which bonds are cleaved by proteases?

peptide bonds

According to the type of catalyzed reactions, enzymes are divided into:

oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases

How can enzymes be categorized into classes?

based on the type of reactions catalyzed by an enzyme

Enzymes increase the speed of reaction because:

they decrease the energy of activation of the chemical reaction

Which enzymes include FAD?

xanthin oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase

Ligases:

catalyze synthesis reactions and use ATP

Show the types of dehydrogenases:

reductases, oxidases, oxygenases, peroxidases

2,5

What type of reactions do kinases catalyze?

phosphorylation

Esterases, lypases, nucleases belong to

hydrolases

Functional groups of which amino acids in enzymes can participate in the catalysis?

lysine, tryptophan, cysteine, phenylalanine, histidine

2; 3; 5; 6

On the postsynaptic membrane under the influence of an excitatory mediator happens:

depolarization due to Na+ ions

2, 3

At the closing of electrical circuit at the development of physiological catelectrotonus occurs:

decreasing of stimulation threshold

Subnormal phase of action potential is related to:

formation of after hyperpolarization

How is an excitability of tissues under cathode and anode at prolonged action of direct electrical current changed?

increases under the cathode, decreases under the anode

Physiological characteristics of excitable tissue, reflecting its ability to reproduce the maximum number of impulses per unit of time, is called:

lability

1,3,6

Smooth muscles compared to skeletal muscles possess: 1) high excitability 2) plasticity 3) high sensitivity to chemicals 4) high lability 5) rapid fatigue

2, 3

2,4,6

The motor unit is:

motoneuron and the muscle fibers innervated by it

1-a; 2-b

1 - b; 2-a

Skeletal muscles perform the function of: 1) moving the body in space 2) ensuring the tone of blood vessels 3) evacuation of chyme in the digestive tract 4) maintaining posture 5) anti-gravity

1, 4, 5

Comparison: 1) fast phasic movements are provided by muscle fibers: 2) slow tonic movements are provided by muscle fibers: a) intrafusal b) red c) white

1-c; 2-b

Comparison: 1) intrafusal muscle fibers are innervated by motoneurons: 2) extrafusal muscle fibers are innervated by motoneurons: a) alpha b) beta c) gamma

1-c; 2-a

1, 2, 5

The various velocity of transmission of excitation along nerve fibers is determined by:

different diameters of fibers and presence of Ranvier nodes

What is a role of Aγ type of fibers?

transmit an excitation from the spinal cord to the intrafusal muscle fibers

In myelinated nerve fiber, the isolating and trophic function is performed by:

myelin sheath

What processes are caused by the mediator of the inhibitory neuron, as a rule, on the postsynaptic membrane?

hyperpolarization

Postsynaptic inhibition occurs when:

short-term hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane occurs at activated of inhibitory neurons

Somatic spinal reflexes are:

tendon and stretching

Comparison: 1) somatic spinal reflexes: 2) vegetative spinal reflexes: a) plantar b) urination c) tendon d) erection e) ejaculation

1-a,c; 2-b,d,e

Comparison: 1) somatic spinal reflexes: 2) vegetative spinal reflexes: a) plantar b) urination c) tendon d) erection e) ejaculation

1-a,c; 2-b,d,e

The main bulbar reflexes: 1) swallowing 2) postures 3) anal 4) coughing 5) statokinetic 6) stretching

1, 4

The transformation of the rhythm of excitation occurs when:

multiplying the number of impulses

Evoked potential is:

electrical reaction of the certain areas of the central nervous system in response to the afferent impulses

1-d; 2-c; 3-a,b,e

Reflexes ensuring the return of the body from an unnatural position to a normal one is called:

righting

Reflexes evoked by movement of the body is called:

statokinetic

2, 3

Spinal shock is observed when the complete transection of the spinal cord is performed:

not higher than the IV-V cervical segments

Animals with decerebrate rigidity are not characterized by:

decrease the tone of the extensor muscles

During deep sleep the waves dominate on the electroencephalogram

theta

In which nuclei of diencephalon, the higher centers of the sympathetic nervous system are situated?

posterior hypothalamic nuclei

Spatial summation of impulses is provided by:

convergence of excitations

Center located in the hypothalamus:

motivational centers and higher centers of vegetative functions

What is the function of recurrent inhibition?

weakens the excitation of motor neurons by their own impulses through Renshaw cells

Efferent pathways of the spinal cord: 1) Goll 2) pyramidal 3) Burdach 4) rubrospinal 5) spinothalamic 6) tectospinal

2, 4, 6

Postganglionic sympathetic nerves are:

adrenergic, cholinergic

1, 2 3

1-b,c; 2-a,d,e

1,2,4,6

The vegetative reflexes are: 1) statokinetic 2) oculocardiac 3) respiratory-cardiac 4) myostatic 5) ortostatic reactions 6) skin dermographism

2,3,5,6

1,3,5,6

In which nuclei of diencephalon, the centers of parasympathetic nervous system are situated?

anterior nuclei of hypothalamus

What physiological properties distinguish the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system?

high speed of excitation

Stimulation of which nuclei of hypothalamus provokes the decreasing of the arterial pressure?

4, 5

The activity of the adenohypophysis is regulated by: 1) hypothalamus 2) thalamus 3) basal ganglia 4) statins 5) liberin 6) striopallidar system

1, 4, 5

2, 5

Calcium-phosphorus metabolism is regulated: 1) glucagon 2) thymosin 3) calcitonin 4) adrenaline 5) insulin 6) parathormone

3, 6

At hypofunction of the pancreas occurs: 1) glucosuria 2) hypoglycemia 3) adipsia 4) polyuria 5) uremia 6) polydipsia

1, 4, 6

1 – a, c, d; 2 – b, e

Insufficient content of thyroid hormones in the body is a consequence of the lesion: 1) thalamus 2) hypothalamus 3) pituitary gland 4) epiphysis 5) parathyroid glands 6) thyroid gland

2, 3, 6

Hypophysial control of testosterone secretion is provided by hormones:

luteinizing

In human blood, almost all the effects of testosterone result from increased rate of:

proteins

The formation and release of glucocorticoids regulates the hormone:

adrenocorticotropic

The hormone participates in the adaptation of the body to a stressful situation:

glucocorticoids

Characteristics of the Addison disease: 1) bronze color of skin 2) tachycardia 3) inhibition of cardiac activity 4) polyurea 5) astenia 6) polydipsia

1;3;5

The effects of thyroxine on fat metabolism:

promotes the breakdown of fats in the body

The effect of parathyroid hormone on bone tissue:

does not affect bone tissue

100

2, 6