Midterm test US
問題一覧
1
Sociology is derived from the Latin word
socius
2
is the study of mind and behavior.
psychology
3
which means the ‘study of society’
logos
4
greek word logos means?
study of society
5
The 5 Basic Goal of Psychology
observe behavior and describe, explain, predict, goal, improve
6
often in minute detail, what was observed as objectively as possible.
observe behavior and describe
7
is the study of human behavior in the society.
sociology
8
While descriptions come from observable data, psychologist must go beyond what is obvious and explain their observations. In other words, why did the subject do what he or she did?
explain
9
American psychologist who is most known for his ecological systems theory.
Urie Bronfenbrenner
10
Once we know what happened and why it happens, we can begin to speculate what will happen in the future. There’s an old saying; which very often holds true: “ the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior”
predict
11
How everything in a child and the child’s environment affects how a child grows and develops.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory
12
5 levels of influence in bronfenbrenner ecological theory
microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem
13
Once we know what happens, why it happens and what is likely to happen in the future, we can excerpt control over it. In other words, if we know you choose abusive partners because your father was abusive, we can assume you will choose another abusive partner therefore intervene to change this negative behavior.
goal
14
Not only do psychologists attempt to control behavior, they want to do so in a positive manner, they want to improve a person’s life, not make it worse. This is not always the case, but it should always be the intention.
improve
15
Small, immediate environment the child lives in.
microsystem
16
The different parts of a child’s microsystem work together for the sake of the child.
mesosystem
17
are two versatile terms which are used in numerous fields
affective, cognitive
18
Other people and places that the child herself may not interact with often herself but that still have a large effect on her.
exosystem
19
Affective generally refers to
emotion, mood, feeling
20
usage of affective and cognitive in relation to
empathy, attitude, learning
21
The largest and most remote set of people and things to a child but which still has a great influence over the child.
macrosystem
22
cognitive is
process of cognition
23
Life changes and transitions that will affect young people over time. These changes can be ones that affect the microsystem of the macrosystem.
chronosystem
24
Was an American philosopher and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States.
william james
25
Social Behaviorism is the approach George Mead used to describe the power of the environment in shaping human behavior.
meads social self
26
He described the self as a ‘dimension of personality that is made-up of the individual’s self-awareness and self-image’.
George Herbert Mead
27
is the phenomenal self, the experienced self, or the self as known.
me-self
28
Mead’s Three Stages of Self Information
preparatory stage, play stage, game stage
29
is the self-thought or the self-knower.
i-self
30
Sub Categories of Self
material self, social self, spiritual self
31
When the person initiates or performs a social action, the self functions as a subject.
i self
32
When the person takes the role of the other; the self functions as an object.
me self
33
It is constituted by our bodies, clothes, immediate family and home. It is in this that we are attached more deeply into and therefore we are most affected because of the investment we give to these things.
material self
34
It is based on our interactions with society and the reaction of people towards us. It is our social self that thought to lhave multiple divergences or different versions of ourselves. It varies as to how we present ourselves to a particular social group.
social self
35
He stated that people learn who they are through their social interaction with other people.
Charles Horton Cooley
36
It is the most intimate because it is more satisfying for the person that they can argue and discriminate against one’s moral sensibility, conscience and indomitable will.
spiritual self
37
it believed that the process of developing a self has three phases:
people imagine how they present themselves to others,
people imagine how others evaluate them, and
people develop some sort of feeling about themselves as a result of those impressions.
the looking-glass self
38
the image people have of themselves is based on how they believe others perspective them.
the looking-glass self
39
He was an American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists.
george herbert mead
40
Known for his role in the development of Modern American Sociology.
Erving Goffman
41
the 2 types of self by herbert mead
i and me
42
One of Erving Goffman popular work was
presentation of the self in everyday life
43
is who an individual really is. It is manifested when one acts naturally for his/her own motivations and not because of others.
It is also known as “unsocialized self”
i
44
believed that meaning is constructed through interaction
presentation of the self in everyday life
45
is the awareness of how others expect one to behave. This part self is the careful and conscious.
It is also known as “socialized self”
me
46
it is what do we do in the immediate presents of others
interaction order
47
Was an American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology.
carl ransom rogers
48
goffman argues that people are concerned with controlling how others view them, a process called?
impression management
49
three components of self concept
the perceived self, the real self, the ideal self
50
as rooted from early infancy is called the simple being. The sense of self-based on spontaneous authentic experience and feeling of being alive, having “real self”. For example, as a baby, we react based on our sense of really. The baby reacts spontaneously based on our instinctive sense.
true self
51
Canadian-born American psychologist and originator of social cognitive theory who is probably best known for his modeling study on aggression, referred to as the “Bobo doll” experiment, which demonstrated that children can learn behaviors through the observation of adults.
Albert Bandura
52
is our defense façade. Overlaying or contradicting the original sense of self. The problem would be we might build a false set of relationships through concealing a barren emptiness behind an independent seeming façade.
fake self
53
which demonstrated that children can learn behaviors through the observation of adults.
bobo doll
54
it emphasizes on the importance of observing and modelling the behaviors, attitudes and emotional reactions of others.
social learning theory
55
two types of self
true self, fake self
56
occurs when a person is motivated to learn by watching someone else work and be rewarded.
vicarious learning
57
includes feelings, emotions, attitudes, motivations, appreciation, etc.
domain affective
58
includes knowledge and the development of mental or intellectual skills.
domain cognitive
59
refers to the desired outcomes a person can give themselves.
self-reinforcers
60
refers to a person’s belief about their ability to perform a behavior successfully.
self-efficacy
61
refers to the emotional reaction to something.
attitude affective
62
involves a person’s beliefs, ideas or knowledge about something.
attitude cognitive
63
at this stage, children’s behavior are primarily based on imitation. It was observed that children imitate the behaviors of those around them.
preparatory stage
64
at this stage, children begin to role play and pretend to be other people. The play stage is significant in the development of the self.
play stage
65
refers to the feelings and sensations we get in response to someone else’s emotions.
empathy affective
66
this stage the child begins to consider several tasks and various types of relationships simultaneously. The child now begins to see not only his own perspective but at the same time the perspective of others around him.
game stage
67
is the ability to identify and understand another’s mental state or perspective.
empathy cognitive
68
it is a non-directive intervention because it believes that all people have the potential to solve their own problems. Rogers believes that people must be fully honest with themselves to have personal discover about themselves.
Person-Centered therapy
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97問 • 14日前問題一覧
1
Sociology is derived from the Latin word
socius
2
is the study of mind and behavior.
psychology
3
which means the ‘study of society’
logos
4
greek word logos means?
study of society
5
The 5 Basic Goal of Psychology
observe behavior and describe, explain, predict, goal, improve
6
often in minute detail, what was observed as objectively as possible.
observe behavior and describe
7
is the study of human behavior in the society.
sociology
8
While descriptions come from observable data, psychologist must go beyond what is obvious and explain their observations. In other words, why did the subject do what he or she did?
explain
9
American psychologist who is most known for his ecological systems theory.
Urie Bronfenbrenner
10
Once we know what happened and why it happens, we can begin to speculate what will happen in the future. There’s an old saying; which very often holds true: “ the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior”
predict
11
How everything in a child and the child’s environment affects how a child grows and develops.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory
12
5 levels of influence in bronfenbrenner ecological theory
microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem
13
Once we know what happens, why it happens and what is likely to happen in the future, we can excerpt control over it. In other words, if we know you choose abusive partners because your father was abusive, we can assume you will choose another abusive partner therefore intervene to change this negative behavior.
goal
14
Not only do psychologists attempt to control behavior, they want to do so in a positive manner, they want to improve a person’s life, not make it worse. This is not always the case, but it should always be the intention.
improve
15
Small, immediate environment the child lives in.
microsystem
16
The different parts of a child’s microsystem work together for the sake of the child.
mesosystem
17
are two versatile terms which are used in numerous fields
affective, cognitive
18
Other people and places that the child herself may not interact with often herself but that still have a large effect on her.
exosystem
19
Affective generally refers to
emotion, mood, feeling
20
usage of affective and cognitive in relation to
empathy, attitude, learning
21
The largest and most remote set of people and things to a child but which still has a great influence over the child.
macrosystem
22
cognitive is
process of cognition
23
Life changes and transitions that will affect young people over time. These changes can be ones that affect the microsystem of the macrosystem.
chronosystem
24
Was an American philosopher and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States.
william james
25
Social Behaviorism is the approach George Mead used to describe the power of the environment in shaping human behavior.
meads social self
26
He described the self as a ‘dimension of personality that is made-up of the individual’s self-awareness and self-image’.
George Herbert Mead
27
is the phenomenal self, the experienced self, or the self as known.
me-self
28
Mead’s Three Stages of Self Information
preparatory stage, play stage, game stage
29
is the self-thought or the self-knower.
i-self
30
Sub Categories of Self
material self, social self, spiritual self
31
When the person initiates or performs a social action, the self functions as a subject.
i self
32
When the person takes the role of the other; the self functions as an object.
me self
33
It is constituted by our bodies, clothes, immediate family and home. It is in this that we are attached more deeply into and therefore we are most affected because of the investment we give to these things.
material self
34
It is based on our interactions with society and the reaction of people towards us. It is our social self that thought to lhave multiple divergences or different versions of ourselves. It varies as to how we present ourselves to a particular social group.
social self
35
He stated that people learn who they are through their social interaction with other people.
Charles Horton Cooley
36
It is the most intimate because it is more satisfying for the person that they can argue and discriminate against one’s moral sensibility, conscience and indomitable will.
spiritual self
37
it believed that the process of developing a self has three phases:
people imagine how they present themselves to others,
people imagine how others evaluate them, and
people develop some sort of feeling about themselves as a result of those impressions.
the looking-glass self
38
the image people have of themselves is based on how they believe others perspective them.
the looking-glass self
39
He was an American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists.
george herbert mead
40
Known for his role in the development of Modern American Sociology.
Erving Goffman
41
the 2 types of self by herbert mead
i and me
42
One of Erving Goffman popular work was
presentation of the self in everyday life
43
is who an individual really is. It is manifested when one acts naturally for his/her own motivations and not because of others.
It is also known as “unsocialized self”
i
44
believed that meaning is constructed through interaction
presentation of the self in everyday life
45
is the awareness of how others expect one to behave. This part self is the careful and conscious.
It is also known as “socialized self”
me
46
it is what do we do in the immediate presents of others
interaction order
47
Was an American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology.
carl ransom rogers
48
goffman argues that people are concerned with controlling how others view them, a process called?
impression management
49
three components of self concept
the perceived self, the real self, the ideal self
50
as rooted from early infancy is called the simple being. The sense of self-based on spontaneous authentic experience and feeling of being alive, having “real self”. For example, as a baby, we react based on our sense of really. The baby reacts spontaneously based on our instinctive sense.
true self
51
Canadian-born American psychologist and originator of social cognitive theory who is probably best known for his modeling study on aggression, referred to as the “Bobo doll” experiment, which demonstrated that children can learn behaviors through the observation of adults.
Albert Bandura
52
is our defense façade. Overlaying or contradicting the original sense of self. The problem would be we might build a false set of relationships through concealing a barren emptiness behind an independent seeming façade.
fake self
53
which demonstrated that children can learn behaviors through the observation of adults.
bobo doll
54
it emphasizes on the importance of observing and modelling the behaviors, attitudes and emotional reactions of others.
social learning theory
55
two types of self
true self, fake self
56
occurs when a person is motivated to learn by watching someone else work and be rewarded.
vicarious learning
57
includes feelings, emotions, attitudes, motivations, appreciation, etc.
domain affective
58
includes knowledge and the development of mental or intellectual skills.
domain cognitive
59
refers to the desired outcomes a person can give themselves.
self-reinforcers
60
refers to a person’s belief about their ability to perform a behavior successfully.
self-efficacy
61
refers to the emotional reaction to something.
attitude affective
62
involves a person’s beliefs, ideas or knowledge about something.
attitude cognitive
63
at this stage, children’s behavior are primarily based on imitation. It was observed that children imitate the behaviors of those around them.
preparatory stage
64
at this stage, children begin to role play and pretend to be other people. The play stage is significant in the development of the self.
play stage
65
refers to the feelings and sensations we get in response to someone else’s emotions.
empathy affective
66
this stage the child begins to consider several tasks and various types of relationships simultaneously. The child now begins to see not only his own perspective but at the same time the perspective of others around him.
game stage
67
is the ability to identify and understand another’s mental state or perspective.
empathy cognitive
68
it is a non-directive intervention because it believes that all people have the potential to solve their own problems. Rogers believes that people must be fully honest with themselves to have personal discover about themselves.
Person-Centered therapy