Coal

58問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

通報

問題一覧

Variety of kerogen that forms form remains of plants

Coal

combustible black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter

Coal

Found mainly UG deposits, under layers of sedimentary rocks, and widely used as fuel

Coal

Sandstone, shale, Conglomerate, Marl

Coal

Diagenetic changes that take place in or near the environment of deposition where the deigentic fluid(s) is still in communication with that inolved in the formational/ depositional process

Eogenesis

Plant debris accumulate in waterlogged environment, and accumulation of plant debris exceeds the rate of bacterial decay of the debris

Peatification

Bacterial decay rate reduces as available oxygen in organic-rich water is completely used up by the previous decaying process

Peatification

Anaerobic bacteria and fungi will turn humus into peat moss later on

Peatification

But the acid produced by anaerobic decay will also kill the bacteria and fungi, ending all decay

Peatification

Phase where the accumulated plant leftovers are stored in a shallow, oxygen free (anaerobic) condition in swamp areas with a bad drying system and is always stagnant with water

Humification

Process in which wood or plant (carbonfinerous) material is heated to form charcoal and methanol

Destructive Distillation

Compaction under mild temp and pressure

Diagenesis

Allows conversion of organic material into kerogen

Diagensis

Waxy, insoluble organic substance that forms when organic shale is buried under several layers of sediments and is heated

Kerogen

Peats are buried by newer sediments, and the overlying stratas weight exerts force on the peat layer that will squeeze out water from the peat and reduce the peat layers volume

Physical Compaction and Dewatering/ Dehydration

Biological and chemical breakdown of carbon molecules in the lignite

Biochemical Gelification

Process by which low-rank components of coals called huminite macarels are transformed into vitreous (shiny) vitrinite macerals, which are characteristic of higher rank coals

Geochemical Gelification/ Vitrinization

____ is what minerals are to rocks

Macarel

Composed of partially "gelled" wood, bark, and roots, and contain less hydrogen than liptinites

Vitrinite

Derived form spores, pollens, cuticles and resins in the original plant material

Liptinite

These plant parts are more hydrogen-rich that other macarels and also flourescent at some coal ranks

Liptinite

Mainly oxidation products of other macerels and ate consequently richer in carbon than liptinites or vitrinites, because much of the oxygen in the original plant parts or residue has been consumed by oxidation

Inertinite

Most of which is fossil charchoal

Fusinite

Derived form acient fires in the coal forming peat

Fusinite

Thermal degradation of kerogen to form H-C chains

Catagenesis

As burial depth and temp increases, longer H-C chains get broken into smaller ones

Catagenesis

Transformation of organic matter into bitumen

Bituminization

Chemical reaction drive of watter, O and H, raising the percentage of carbon

Bituminization

Removal of bitumen

Debituminization

Development of cochoidal fracture and the loss of cleats in in coal

Antracitization

Measure of non-water gases formed from a coal sample during heating

Volatile matter

Inversely related to fixed carbon

Volatile matter

17% of coal used

Peat

Lowest grade of coal

Lignite/ Brown Coal

High moisture content and crumbly texture

Lignite/Brown Coal

Black in color and is mainly dull

Sub Bituminous

30% of coal used

Sub Bituminous

Used in power industries

Sub Bituminous

Blocky and appears shiny and smooth at first glance but actually has thin, alternating, shiny and dull layers

Bituminous/ Soft Coal

52% of coal used

Bituminous/ Soft Coal

Used in metals and power industries

Bituminous/ Soft Coal

Hard, Brittle, and Black lustrous coal

Anthracite/Hard Coal

1% of coal used

Anthracite/ Hard Coal

Mainly used in metals industry, and water filtering

Anthracite/ Hard Coal

Strata means

Beds or Layers

Goaf means

Caved roof materials

where the microenvironment is located in a longwall operation

At the face

it is the one of the high extraction methods of mining coal Ug

Longwall Mining

It is the most important geographical factor influencing coal foarmation, which affects the rate of floral growth and the degree of preservation of accumulated plant materials in a peat swamp

Climate

It is a liquid, very viscous, hydrocarbon not extractable from oil wells

Tar

A solid petroleum that occurs as a component of shale

Kerogene

The two predominant coal mining method

Pillar extraction and longwalling

It is the practice of removing gas contained in coal seam and adjoining stata before actual mining through wellbores drill holes, and pipelines

Methane Drainage

The production cycle of operations in the room and pillar mining of coal with conventional equipment is modified from the basic cycle by the insertion of cutting to improve breakage

Cut+drill+blast+load+haul

Failure of a coal pillar by overstress

Bump

The coal mining method that best controls bumps

Longwall

Effect of corners in coal mining

High stress concentrations

A sudden spalling or collapse of the coal face caused by stress concentration at the face resulting from goaf hang-ups and presence of joints near parallel to the surface

Face Break

Mineral Processing

Mineral Processing

Chemical Composition

Chemical Composition

Mineral Physical Properties

ユーザ名非公開 · 52問 · 1年前

Mineral Physical Properties

Petrology

Petrology

Structural Geology

Structural Geology

Economic Geoglogy

Economic Geoglogy

Surveying

Surveying

Ecology

Ecology

Prospecting And Exploration

ユーザ名非公開 · 83問 · 1年前

Prospecting And Exploration

83問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

Mine safety and Health

ユーザ名非公開 · 48問 · 1年前

Mine safety and Health

Ventilation

Ventilation

Bomasang Magazine

Bomasang Magazine

Rare earth

Rare earth

Mining Methods

Mining Methods

Mining 3

Mining 3

問題一覧

Variety of kerogen that forms form remains of plants

Coal

combustible black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter

Coal

Found mainly UG deposits, under layers of sedimentary rocks, and widely used as fuel

Coal

Sandstone, shale, Conglomerate, Marl

Coal

Diagenetic changes that take place in or near the environment of deposition where the deigentic fluid(s) is still in communication with that inolved in the formational/ depositional process

Eogenesis

Plant debris accumulate in waterlogged environment, and accumulation of plant debris exceeds the rate of bacterial decay of the debris

Peatification

Bacterial decay rate reduces as available oxygen in organic-rich water is completely used up by the previous decaying process

Peatification

Anaerobic bacteria and fungi will turn humus into peat moss later on

Peatification

But the acid produced by anaerobic decay will also kill the bacteria and fungi, ending all decay

Peatification

Phase where the accumulated plant leftovers are stored in a shallow, oxygen free (anaerobic) condition in swamp areas with a bad drying system and is always stagnant with water

Humification

Process in which wood or plant (carbonfinerous) material is heated to form charcoal and methanol

Destructive Distillation

Compaction under mild temp and pressure

Diagenesis

Allows conversion of organic material into kerogen

Diagensis

Waxy, insoluble organic substance that forms when organic shale is buried under several layers of sediments and is heated

Kerogen

Peats are buried by newer sediments, and the overlying stratas weight exerts force on the peat layer that will squeeze out water from the peat and reduce the peat layers volume

Physical Compaction and Dewatering/ Dehydration

Biological and chemical breakdown of carbon molecules in the lignite

Biochemical Gelification

Process by which low-rank components of coals called huminite macarels are transformed into vitreous (shiny) vitrinite macerals, which are characteristic of higher rank coals

Geochemical Gelification/ Vitrinization

____ is what minerals are to rocks

Macarel

Composed of partially "gelled" wood, bark, and roots, and contain less hydrogen than liptinites

Vitrinite

Derived form spores, pollens, cuticles and resins in the original plant material

Liptinite

These plant parts are more hydrogen-rich that other macarels and also flourescent at some coal ranks

Liptinite

Inertinite

Most of which is fossil charchoal

Fusinite

Derived form acient fires in the coal forming peat

Fusinite

Thermal degradation of kerogen to form H-C chains

Catagenesis

As burial depth and temp increases, longer H-C chains get broken into smaller ones

Catagenesis

Transformation of organic matter into bitumen

Bituminization

Chemical reaction drive of watter, O and H, raising the percentage of carbon

Bituminization

Removal of bitumen

Debituminization

Development of cochoidal fracture and the loss of cleats in in coal

Antracitization

Measure of non-water gases formed from a coal sample during heating

Volatile matter

Inversely related to fixed carbon

Volatile matter

17% of coal used

Peat

Lowest grade of coal

Lignite/ Brown Coal

High moisture content and crumbly texture

Lignite/Brown Coal

Black in color and is mainly dull

Sub Bituminous

30% of coal used

Sub Bituminous

Used in power industries

Sub Bituminous

Blocky and appears shiny and smooth at first glance but actually has thin, alternating, shiny and dull layers

Bituminous/ Soft Coal

52% of coal used

Bituminous/ Soft Coal

Used in metals and power industries

Bituminous/ Soft Coal

Hard, Brittle, and Black lustrous coal

Anthracite/Hard Coal

1% of coal used

Anthracite/ Hard Coal

Mainly used in metals industry, and water filtering

Anthracite/ Hard Coal

Strata means

Beds or Layers

Goaf means

Caved roof materials

where the microenvironment is located in a longwall operation

At the face

it is the one of the high extraction methods of mining coal Ug

Longwall Mining

It is the most important geographical factor influencing coal foarmation, which affects the rate of floral growth and the degree of preservation of accumulated plant materials in a peat swamp

Climate

It is a liquid, very viscous, hydrocarbon not extractable from oil wells

Tar

A solid petroleum that occurs as a component of shale

Kerogene

The two predominant coal mining method

Pillar extraction and longwalling

It is the practice of removing gas contained in coal seam and adjoining stata before actual mining through wellbores drill holes, and pipelines

Methane Drainage

The production cycle of operations in the room and pillar mining of coal with conventional equipment is modified from the basic cycle by the insertion of cutting to improve breakage

Cut+drill+blast+load+haul

Failure of a coal pillar by overstress

Bump

The coal mining method that best controls bumps

Longwall

Effect of corners in coal mining

High stress concentrations

A sudden spalling or collapse of the coal face caused by stress concentration at the face resulting from goaf hang-ups and presence of joints near parallel to the surface

Face Break