Mineral Processing

83問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

通報

問題一覧

Treatment applied to the ore containing valuable metallic or non-metallic prior to recovery and seperation

Mineral Processing

Release of valuable minerals from their waste gungue minerals

Liberation

Break particles until particle size is small enough to create a lot of free particles

Size Reduction

Occurs by preferential fracturing

Detachment

No further liberation may be obtained by additional comminution

Detachment

Possible for laminated/ bedded particles

Detachment

Percentage of mineral/phase occuring as free particles to the total of the minerals in the ore

Degree of liberation (f)

Percentage of minerals that exist as locked particles

Degree of Locking

Happens when interface exist as locked particles

Intergranular

Fracture at the grain boundaries

Intergranular

Occurs when mineral has a weak stracture

Transgranular

Fracture occu across the grain

Transgranular

Seperation of Valuable mineral from gangue

Concentration/Seperation

Includes concentration and sizing

Concentration/Seperation

Particle size reduction by breaking,crushing,grinding ore and other materials

Comminution

consumes loat of energy >40% of total mine/ Mill energy consumption is used in the step

Comminution

Particles consists of only single mineral

Free Particles

Particles consists of 2 or more minerals

Locked particles

Contains both valuable and gangue mineral

Middlings

Further size reduction will help liberated wanted mineral

Rectilinear

Wanted mineral occurs as veins throughout the body of the particle

Vein

Wanted mineral is locked in the middle of the unwanted

Shell

Further size reduction will liberate a part of the wanted mineral but significant part it will still be locked

Shell

Wanted mineral occurs all over the particle but in small concentration

Occlusion

Needs to reduce size to a very fine size to liberate small concentration

Occlusions

Due to localized stress at the surface of the particle

Abrasion

Occurs when energy applied is just sufficient to load comparatively few regions of the particles to the fracture point

Cleavage

due to slow compression

Cleavage

due to impact force

Shatter

occurs when applied energy is well in excess of which is required for fracturing the particle

Shatter

Results to production of large number of particles with the range of sizes

Shatter

Concerned with the relationship btw energy input and the particle size made from a given feed size

Comminution Theory

what are the problems of the theory of comminution?

All of the above

Energy breakage is directly proportional to the amount of new surface produced

Rittinger's Energy Law

Work required is proportional to the reduction in vplume of the particles concerned. Has been disapproven

Kick's Energy Law

Work input is proportional to the new crack tip length produced in particle breakage

Bond's Energy Law

First Comminution Operation

Crushing

Stages of crushing: Primary

Jaw Crusher, Gyratory Crushers

constists of 2 crushing jaws, stationary and the other can

Jaw Crusher

Modification of dodge and blake crushers

Single Toggle/Overhead Eccentric

Motion of the crushing faces is due to gyration motion of an eccentrically mounted cone

Gyratory Crushers

crushing action is by compresion

Gyratory Crushers

Measurement of the work done on the rocks by the crusher

Power Draw

Modified gyratory crushers but large throw and crushing action is by impact

Cone/ Gyrasphere Crushers

Consists of horizantal cylinders revolving towards each other

Roll crushers

Rolls are fitted with a series of meshing teeth on its rolling surface crushing action by compression and ripping

Toother/ Slugger Roll Crusher

Crushing action by impact, used in materials behaving plastically on slow-compression crushing

Hammer Mills

Used for coarser Crushing/explosive shattering

Impactors

Last stage of comminution

Grinding

Water is added for dilution and to make the ore flow to the discharge end of the mill

Grinding

For small scale Operation,grinding for only a determined period of time

Batch Grinding

For small scale operation, grinding for only a determined period of time

Batch Grinding

for industrial operations, ore is fed at a controlled rate and product is discharged partly from the mill after suitable dwelling time

Continues Grinding

When the part of the ore have different grindability, causing softer parts to be grounded finer than harder ones

Differential Grinding

Rolling motion of the charge down to toe, leads to finer grinding by abrasion, cuases increase in linear wear

Cascading

Paranolic path taken by charges as projected by lifting off the mill, coarse grinding by impact

Cataracting

Charge is getting around in a fixed position

Centrifuging

Choice for primarly grinding, by rods tumbling and compressing particles

Rod Mill

Secondary Choice for grinding

Ball Mill

Ore grinding itself by abrasion

autogenous/Semi-autogenous grinding SAG Mill

Forces acting upon a particle as it moves as it moves through a liquid medium

Classification

Frictional resistance which is a result from fluid flow around the particles as they move through the medium

Drag Force

Results from displacement of fluid by the solid particles

Bouyant Force

Settling of particles in a volume of fluid with volume large enough with respect to total volume of particles

Free Settling

Velocity influenced by other particles causing crowding effect which decrease settling rate

Hindered Settling

Pulp density is high, slurry acts as viscous fluid and only coarse particles can penetrate

Teeter condition

Separation of valuable minerals is called

Concentration

A stage counted as primary concentration, separating by force to fully liberated minerals

Roughing

Uses a strong separating force to recover as much as possible of the remaining valuable minerals which are generally incompletely liberated

Scavenging

Uses a low separating force to upgrade the rougher concentrate by removing misplaced waste materials

Cleaning

Mostly used in small scale gold recovery as a technique

Panning

similar to verticals classifiers by separating particles and due to specific gravity difference

Elutriation

Sorting different minerals by stratification based on the movement of pulsating water

Jigging

Allow separation for ultra fine particles at high recoveries

Centrifugal concentrators

wet concentration, separate minerals by utilizing the surface -chemical properties of minerals

Froth Flotation

Solid liquid separation by thickeners and filters. Done to produce relatively dry concentrate to decrease shipping volume and to cater to processs that require less/low water content

Dewatering

flocculation and coagulation

sedimentation

slow moving radial arms for gentle agitation and sedimentation collection and also prevents compaction and sediments

gravity sedimentation/ Thickening

after thickening produces filter cake and uses porous medium

filtration

selective reaction of variable metals using aqueous reagents

hydro metallurgy

most important step used depends on ore composition involves selective dissolution of the valuable metal in a suitable reagent/ leachant/lixiviant

Leaching

most used leaching particles are stirred using impellers in tanks to accelerate leaching process

Agitation Leaching

formation of solid to liquid by alteration of the stability of a slute in a solvent by altering temp and pH

Crystallization

Chemical Composition

ユーザ名非公開 · 55問 · 1年前

Chemical Composition

55問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

Mineral Physical Properties

ユーザ名非公開 · 52問 · 1年前

Mineral Physical Properties

Petrology

Petrology

Coal

Coal

Structural Geology

Structural Geology

Economic Geoglogy

Economic Geoglogy

Surveying

Surveying

Ecology

Ecology

Prospecting And Exploration

ユーザ名非公開 · 83問 · 1年前

Prospecting And Exploration

83問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

Mine safety and Health

ユーザ名非公開 · 48問 · 1年前

Mine safety and Health

Ventilation

Ventilation

Bomasang Magazine

Bomasang Magazine

Rare earth

Rare earth

Mining Methods

Mining Methods

Mining 3

Mining 3

問題一覧

Treatment applied to the ore containing valuable metallic or non-metallic prior to recovery and seperation

Mineral Processing

Release of valuable minerals from their waste gungue minerals

Liberation

Break particles until particle size is small enough to create a lot of free particles

Size Reduction

Occurs by preferential fracturing

Detachment

No further liberation may be obtained by additional comminution

Detachment

Possible for laminated/ bedded particles

Detachment

Percentage of mineral/phase occuring as free particles to the total of the minerals in the ore

Degree of liberation (f)

Percentage of minerals that exist as locked particles

Degree of Locking

Happens when interface exist as locked particles

Intergranular

Fracture at the grain boundaries

Intergranular

Occurs when mineral has a weak stracture

Transgranular

Fracture occu across the grain

Transgranular

Seperation of Valuable mineral from gangue

Concentration/Seperation

Includes concentration and sizing

Concentration/Seperation

Particle size reduction by breaking,crushing,grinding ore and other materials

Comminution

consumes loat of energy >40% of total mine/ Mill energy consumption is used in the step

Comminution

Particles consists of only single mineral

Free Particles

Particles consists of 2 or more minerals

Locked particles

Contains both valuable and gangue mineral

Middlings

Further size reduction will help liberated wanted mineral

Rectilinear

Wanted mineral occurs as veins throughout the body of the particle

Vein

Wanted mineral is locked in the middle of the unwanted

Shell

Further size reduction will liberate a part of the wanted mineral but significant part it will still be locked

Shell

Wanted mineral occurs all over the particle but in small concentration

Occlusion

Needs to reduce size to a very fine size to liberate small concentration

Occlusions

Due to localized stress at the surface of the particle

Abrasion

Occurs when energy applied is just sufficient to load comparatively few regions of the particles to the fracture point

Cleavage

due to slow compression

Cleavage

due to impact force

Shatter

occurs when applied energy is well in excess of which is required for fracturing the particle

Shatter

Results to production of large number of particles with the range of sizes

Shatter

Concerned with the relationship btw energy input and the particle size made from a given feed size

Comminution Theory

what are the problems of the theory of comminution?

All of the above

Energy breakage is directly proportional to the amount of new surface produced

Rittinger's Energy Law

Work required is proportional to the reduction in vplume of the particles concerned. Has been disapproven

Kick's Energy Law

Work input is proportional to the new crack tip length produced in particle breakage

Bond's Energy Law

First Comminution Operation

Crushing

Stages of crushing: Primary

Jaw Crusher, Gyratory Crushers

constists of 2 crushing jaws, stationary and the other can

Jaw Crusher

Modification of dodge and blake crushers

Single Toggle/Overhead Eccentric

Motion of the crushing faces is due to gyration motion of an eccentrically mounted cone

Gyratory Crushers

crushing action is by compresion

Gyratory Crushers

Measurement of the work done on the rocks by the crusher

Power Draw

Modified gyratory crushers but large throw and crushing action is by impact

Cone/ Gyrasphere Crushers

Consists of horizantal cylinders revolving towards each other

Roll crushers

Rolls are fitted with a series of meshing teeth on its rolling surface crushing action by compression and ripping

Toother/ Slugger Roll Crusher

Crushing action by impact, used in materials behaving plastically on slow-compression crushing

Hammer Mills

Used for coarser Crushing/explosive shattering

Impactors

Last stage of comminution

Grinding

Water is added for dilution and to make the ore flow to the discharge end of the mill

Grinding

For small scale Operation,grinding for only a determined period of time

Batch Grinding

For small scale operation, grinding for only a determined period of time

Batch Grinding

for industrial operations, ore is fed at a controlled rate and product is discharged partly from the mill after suitable dwelling time

Continues Grinding

When the part of the ore have different grindability, causing softer parts to be grounded finer than harder ones

Differential Grinding

Rolling motion of the charge down to toe, leads to finer grinding by abrasion, cuases increase in linear wear

Cascading

Paranolic path taken by charges as projected by lifting off the mill, coarse grinding by impact

Cataracting

Charge is getting around in a fixed position

Centrifuging

Choice for primarly grinding, by rods tumbling and compressing particles

Rod Mill

Secondary Choice for grinding

Ball Mill

Ore grinding itself by abrasion

autogenous/Semi-autogenous grinding SAG Mill

Forces acting upon a particle as it moves as it moves through a liquid medium

Classification

Frictional resistance which is a result from fluid flow around the particles as they move through the medium

Drag Force

Results from displacement of fluid by the solid particles

Bouyant Force

Settling of particles in a volume of fluid with volume large enough with respect to total volume of particles

Free Settling

Velocity influenced by other particles causing crowding effect which decrease settling rate

Hindered Settling

Pulp density is high, slurry acts as viscous fluid and only coarse particles can penetrate

Teeter condition

Separation of valuable minerals is called

Concentration

A stage counted as primary concentration, separating by force to fully liberated minerals

Roughing

Uses a strong separating force to recover as much as possible of the remaining valuable minerals which are generally incompletely liberated

Scavenging

Uses a low separating force to upgrade the rougher concentrate by removing misplaced waste materials

Cleaning

Mostly used in small scale gold recovery as a technique

Panning

similar to verticals classifiers by separating particles and due to specific gravity difference

Elutriation

Sorting different minerals by stratification based on the movement of pulsating water

Jigging

Allow separation for ultra fine particles at high recoveries

Centrifugal concentrators

wet concentration, separate minerals by utilizing the surface -chemical properties of minerals

Froth Flotation

Solid liquid separation by thickeners and filters. Done to produce relatively dry concentrate to decrease shipping volume and to cater to processs that require less/low water content

Dewatering

flocculation and coagulation

sedimentation

slow moving radial arms for gentle agitation and sedimentation collection and also prevents compaction and sediments

gravity sedimentation/ Thickening

after thickening produces filter cake and uses porous medium

filtration

selective reaction of variable metals using aqueous reagents

hydro metallurgy

most important step used depends on ore composition involves selective dissolution of the valuable metal in a suitable reagent/ leachant/lixiviant

Leaching

most used leaching particles are stirred using impellers in tanks to accelerate leaching process

Agitation Leaching

formation of solid to liquid by alteration of the stability of a slute in a solvent by altering temp and pH

Crystallization