Ca-rich amphibole mineral, common in diorites, commonly occurs with pagioclase

•Potassium Feldspar/ Orthoclase/ Alkali Feldspar • Calcium Feldspar/ Pagioclase • Sodium Feldspar / Albite

common in granite, diorite and chert

Monoclinic Augite

Most abundunt silicate mineral in the crust

Contain (CO3)2-

3D framework if silicate tetrahedron Feldspar Silica Group

Dark colored mica common in granite, diorite, gabbros, and peridotites

Strong Ionic bonding,hard, dense, and refractory

Commonly deposited in marine settings when the shells of dead planktonic life settle and accumulate on the sea floor

Rose,admethyst and smoky ____ are low temp varieties

In metamorphic rocks, it occurs with chlorite and muscovite

common in gangue mineral in hydrothermal ore deposit

Mg-rich if in unltramafics and Fe-rich if in granites

Quartz, Opal , Chalcedony

______ minerals make up over 90% of crust

• Hornblende • cleavage: 2 at 60 deg and 120 deg • in the presence of water/fluids, pyroxenes are often converted to amphibole

Form at low temp, and predominantly in weathering products (alteration in hydrothermal veins)

Contains halogen ions like Cl- or F-

Similar structure with silicates but instead of Si, its P, As (arsenates), or Va (Vanadates)

Can be simple or multiple

Single, isolated tetrahedron No cleavage Composition: (Mg, Fe)2SiO4

turquoise

not stable in the presence of free quartz and will form a pyroxene called enstatite

Most common pyroxene mineral

Sheets of silicate tetrahedron cleavage: 1 plane Biotite Muscovite

Metal cations combined with oxygen

Economically important as metal ores

Halite(NaCl), Flourite (CaF2), Sylvite KCl

S2- bonded to metal cation

Cu,Au,Ag,S,Diamond

Salts that form when salt water evaporates

•Structure possessing parallel silica letrahedron chains whuch can be double or single • Single/Pyroxene Group • Double/ Amphibole Group

Gypsum, Barite

along with chalcedony and agate, they occur in hydrothermally altered rocks

Quartz with water

Cleavage: 2 at 90 deg Orthopyroxene Clinopyroxene

Silica Tetrahedon, as fundamental component

Common in peridotites, gabbros, norutes and basalts Commonly associated by olivine, pagioclase, Ca-rich clinopyroxene

Low hardness, poor thermal and electric conductors when solid, good electric conductors when molten

pyrite, galena

Also carry the best record of changes in the earths magnetic field

Metals attached with (OH)-

Tend to be less dense than oxides, and not as hard

(SO4)2- bonded to metal action

Pure masses if single metal/ element

Hematite, Magnetite, Chromite, Pyrolusite, manganite

Occur in native state, uncombined form

Manganite (MnO(OH)), diaspore, Geothite

Tridymite or cristobalite in high temp

Calcite, Azurite, Malachite, dolomite

Form many of the valuable ores

Light colored mica common in granites

Many forms by precipitation out of highly saline water at and/or near the Earths surface

Fibrous Variety