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17問 • 2年前

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-a management function involves ensuring the work performance of the organization's members are aligned with the organization's values and standards through monitoring, comparing and correcting their actions

Controlling

-any established measure of extent quantity, quality, or value

Standard

used for controlling financial resources, office man- agement, quality assurance, and others are essentially the same. The control process involves establishing standards, measuring typical and reporting actual performance, and comparing it with standards, and taking action.

Control techniques

means setting criteria for performance. Man- agers must identify priority activities that have to be controlled, followed by determining how these activities must be properly sequenced. In doing so, managers will be able to set key performance standards that need to be achieved. The value chain, or the proper sequencing of activities needed to convert the company's raw materials into finished products, is a valuable instrument for helping managers determine and establish key performance standards.

Establishing standards

is essentially the monitoring of performance. To be able to do this, managers must develop appropriate information systems which will help them identify, collect, organize, and disseminate information. Managers are able to control facts and figures called data, and information, which have been given meaning and considered to have value. Analyses of data/information gathered measure actual performance and comparing it with set standards serves as a means for detecting deviations. Deviations must be revealed as early as possible in order to correct them.

Measuring and reporting actual performance and comparing it with set standards

involves the correction of deviations from set stan- dards. This activity clearly shows the control function of management. Managers may rectify deviations by modifying their plans or goals, by improving the training of employees, by firing inefficient subordinates, or by practicing more effective leadership techniques.

Taking action

-control that makes use of balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements to analyze and examine financial statements in order to determine the company's financial soundness and viability, as well as financial ratios to determine the organization's stability

Management Control

- a systematic monitoring at control points in strategic plans that may tend to change in the organization's strategies

Strategic Control

- business environment that includes or considers economic aggregates such as national income, total volume of savings, and money supply

Macroeconomic Environment

in accounting and finance is the control that makes use of the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement to analyze and examine financial statements in order to deter- mine the company's financial soundness and viability, as well as financial ratios to determine the company's stability. On the other hand, manage-

Management control

is considered to be the "lifeblood of the business." No matter how good the product is, if it is not sold in the market, there is that a no way business can survive. Thus, the projected sales often guide the sales

Sales

- learning by getting comments or feedback from the trainees themselves, from trainers, or fellow trainees, which can help the individual realize what they are doing right or what they are doing wrong; reinforcement is accomplished through verbal encouragement or by giving rewards such as prizes, awards, and others Massed

feedback and reinforcement

learning by giving training through either few, long hours of training

massed

series of short hours of training

distributed

-learning through the explanation of training goals and objectives by the trainers to the trainees

Goal-setting

- training programs that take into account and accommodate the individual differences of the trainees in order to facilitate each person's style and rate of learning

Individual differences

learning through the giving of frequent opportunities to trainees to do their job tasks properly -

Active practice and repetition

2.1

Shekinah Bismonte · 58問 · 2年前

2.1