Anaphy Lab (articulation)

29問 • 2年前

問題一覧

____ is the place where two adjacent bones meet, or where adjacent cartilage or adjacent bones and cartilages are joined, even if the joint doesn't allow movement.

articulation

two functions of articulation

hold bones together allow the rigid skeleton some flexibility so that gross body movement can occur.

Structural classification According to the degree of movement, articulation are

synarthroses (immovable joints), amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints) diarthroses (freely movable joints

Synarthroses have four varieties. These are

sutura, synchondrosis, synostosis and gomphosis

Amphiarthroses have two varieties, namely,

symphysis and syndesmosis

There are six varieties of diarthroses. These are

enarthrosis, ginglymus, ellipsoidal, pivot, saddle and arthrodial

are joints wherein the bones are united by fibrous connective tissue

fibrous joint

A joint cavity is wanting. They are mainly immovable joints in adults. These include

sutures, syndesmosis and gomphosis.

are joints wherein the bones are united by a plate of hyaline cartilage or a fibrocartilaginous disk

cartilaginous joint

___ are joints wherein the ends of the bones are covered with a smooth hyaline articular cartilage and is lubricated by a thick fluid called ___, and the joint is freely movable with a joint cavity

Synovial joints synovial fluid or synanovia/vium

___ the globe-like head of one bone fitted into cuplike concavity of another bone. E.g. hip joint; shoulder joint.

Enarthrosis (ball-and socket joint)

___: a convex surface of one bone fitted into concave surface of other. E.g. knee joint; elbow jointankle joint

Ginglymus (hinge joint)

____: an oval-shaped articular surface fits into an elliptical cavity. E.g. wrist joint (between radius and carpal bones)

Ellipsoidal (condyloid)

___ central bony pivot surrounded by collar of bone and ligament. E.g. atlanto-axial joint; proximal radio- ulna joint.

Pivot (trochoid or rotary joint)

___: opposing articular surfaces with both concave and convex surfaces that fit into one another. E.g. carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Saddle joint

___ essentially flat articular surfaces. E.g. some carpal bones; tarsal bones

Arthrodia (gliding joint)

Movements allowed by synovial joints

flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction rotation supination pronation protraction retraction invertion eversion

is the bending motion in which angle between two bones is decreased. E.g. bending of forearm at elbow or leg at knee

flexion

is the straightening motion in which angle between two bones in increased (opposite of flexion). E.g. straightening of forearm at elbow or leg at knee

Extension

is movement away from the midsagittal plane of the body. E.g. raising upper extremity to side; spreading of fingers

abduction

is movement toward the midsagittal plane. E.g. bringing the arm back to the side of the body; pulling the fingers back.

adduction

is movement in which the distal end of the bone moves in circular potion while the proximal end remains stable; accomplished by successive flexion, abduction, extension and adduction. E.g. movement at the shoulder joint in baseball pitcher's windup

Circumduction

is the movement of body part (usually entire extremity) around its own axis without any displacement of its axis. E.g. shaking of head in saying "no”

rotation

is the pivoting movement of forearm in which the radius is rotated to become parallel to ulna (or into anatomic position). E.g. movement using in tightening a screw with screwdriver, so that the palm faces forward at the end of the movement.

Supination

is the pivoting movement of forearm in which the radius is rotated diagonally across ulna. E.g. pivot of forearm that turns palm backward.

Pronation

is the forward movement. E.g. pushing of jaw forward; sticking out of tongue.

Protraction

is backward movement. E.g. pulling of jaw backward

Retraction

is the movement of sole foot inward (medially). E.g. movement of foot in which the big toe is turned upward and away from the midline of the body.

Inversion

is the movement of sole of feet outward (laterally). E.g. movement of foot in which the big toe is turned downward and toward midline of body.

Eversion

Microbiology / Parasitology

Jholie Jean Guibone · 20問 · 2年前

Microbiology / Parasitology