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ANAPHY LEC (nervous system)

ANAPHY LEC (nervous system)
35問 • 2年前
  • Jholie Jean Guibone
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    two parts of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

    brain spinal cord

  • 2

    it is the Major communication link between the brain and the PNS inferior to the head.

    spinal cord

  • 3

    Integrates incoming information and produces responses through reflex mechanisms

    spinal cord

  • 4

    SPINAL CORD • Diameter tapers towards the ends 1. ___ upper limb supply 2. ___ lower limbs supply 3. ___ cone-like region where the SC tapers 4. ___ lumbar and sacral nerve roots 5. ___ fibrous strand at the end of the conus medullaris

    CERVICAL ENLARGMENT LUMBOSACRAL ENLARGEMENT CONUS MEDULLARIS CAUDA EQUINA FILUM TERMINALE

  • 5

    CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD • ___ contains myelinated axons (which form nerve tracts) • ___ contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, axons • A collection of axons inside the CNS is called a ___, whereas outside the CNS is called a ___.

    WHITE MATTER GRAY MATTER tract nerve

  • 6

    contains axons of sensory neurons

    dorsal root

  • 7

    – contains axons of motor neurons; motor cell bodies are located in gray matter

    ventral root

  • 8

    CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD • ___ – deep cleft partially separating posterior half of the cord • ___ – separates the anterior half of the cord

    POSTERIOR MEDIAN SULCUS ANTERIOR MEDIAN FISSURE

  • 9

    CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD • ______ • looks like a butterfly or the • Organized into horns • DORSAL (POSTERIOR) HORN • VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) HORN • LATERAL HORN • ______ space filled with cerebrospinal fluid

    GRAYMATTER CENTRAL CANAL

  • 10

    Composed of myelinated fiber tracts

    white matter

  • 11

    white matter is Divided into three regions: • ____ – ascending tracts carrying sensory input to the brain • ____ ascending & descending tracts carrying sensory input & motor output • ____descending tracts carrying motor output

    DORSAL COLUMN LATERAL COLUMN VENTRAL COLUMN

  • 12

    Largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body It contains around 100 billion neurons and another trillion glial cells. Each neuron contains 10,000 connection with other neurons

    brain

  • 13

    FOUR MAJOR REGIONS OF THE BRAIN:

    • CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES • DIENCEPHALON • BRAIN STEM • CEREBELLUM

  • 14

    Collectively known as “cerebrum”; most superior and largest part of the brain

    cerebral hemispheres

  • 15

    cerebral hemispheres • ____ elevated ridges of tissue •____ shallow grooves separating the gyri • ____ deep grooves separating large regions of the brain into lobes

    Gyrus/Gyri Sulcus/Sulci Fissure/s

  • 16

    what are the LOBES OF THE BRAIN

    • FRONTAL LOBE • PARIETAL LOBE • TEMPORAL LOBE • OCCIPITAL LOBE

  • 17

    function of the lobe areas intellectual reasoning and behavior; judgement, problem solving, speech & language comprehension ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

    frontal lobe

  • 18

    FUNCTIONS OF LOBE AREAS ____ – primary sensory and motor area • Reflexes •General Sensation • Proprioception vInitiation of movement •Language formation

    PARIETAL LOBE

  • 19

    FUNCTIONS OF LOBE AREAS ___ primary auditory and olfactory area; process and understand sounds and smells _____ storage of memory; facial recognition

    TEMPORAL LOBE HIPPOCAMPUS

  • 20

    FUNCTIONS OF LOBE AREAS • ___ primary visual area POSTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

    OCCIPITAL LOBE

  • 21

    • Interbrain;sitsontopofthebrainstemandis enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres

    DIENCEPHALON

  • 22

    • THREEMAJORSTRUCTURES OF DIENCEPHALON _____ – relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the sensory cortex Hypothalamus – regulating body temperature, water balance, and metabolism _____centerformanydrives and emotions (e.g. thirst, appetite, sexual desire, perception of pain and pleasure) _____ contains the pineal gland – produces and regulates some hormones, including the sleep hormone (melatonin)

    Thalamus Limbicsystem Epithalamus

  • 23

    DIENCEPHALON _____ – a large bundle of myelinated nerve fibers that connect the two brain hemispheres permitting communication between the right and left sides of the brain.

    CORPUS CALLOSUM

  • 24

    The roots of the cranial nerves 3-12 arise from the brain stem

    brain stem

  • 25

    three structures of brain stem • ____ – visual and auditory reflex centers; subcortical motor centers, CN 3-4 • ____ – relay information from cerebrum to cerebellum; CN 5-7 • ____ – controls heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiratory rate, vomiting, CN 8-12

    MIDBRAIN PONS MEDULLA OBLONGATA

  • 26

    Large, cauliflower-like structure projecting under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

    cerebellum

  • 27

    functions of cerebellum • ____ of muscle movements • ____ or contraction force of muscles • ____

    COORDINATION TONE BALANCE/EQUILLIBRIUM

  • 28

    THREE (3) connective tissue membranes covering and protecting the CNS structures • ____ – outermost layer (+ periosteal layer) that continuous up to the spinal cord • ____ – middle layer • ____ – inner most covering of the brain and spinal cord

    DURA MATER ARACHNOID MATER PIA MATER

  • 29

    An inflammation of the meninges which is a serious threat to the brain due to bacterial or viral infection

    meningitis

  • 30

    • Clear fluid (contains Vit C and protein) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord • Cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury and also serves as a nutrient delivery and waste removal system for the brain • CSF are stored inside _____

    CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) ventricles

  • 31

    • Abnormal buildup of fluid in the ventricles (cavities) deep within the brain

    HYDROCEPHALUS

  • 32

    PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN • TWO PATHWAYS:

    • ASCENDING (SENSORY) PATHWAYS • DESCENDING (MOTOR) PATHWAYS

  • 33

    Sensory pathways that transmit sensory information to the brain via action potentials

    ASCENDING PATHWAYS

  • 34

    ascending pathways • ____ – pain, temperature, light touch, tickle, itch and pressure (contralateral) • ____ – proprioception, two-point discrimination, pressure, vibration (contralateral) • ____ – proprioception (ipsilateral)

    Anterolateral system Dorsal-column system Spinocerebellar tract

  • 35

    • Motor pathways that carry action potentials from regions of the cerebrum or cerebellum to the brainstem or spinal cord • ____ – conscious, skilled movements (contralateral) • ____ – unconscious movements (contralateral except for posture, ipsilateral)

    DESCENDING PATHWAYS DIRECT PATHWAY/PYRAMIDAL SYSTEM INDIRECT PATHWAY/EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    two parts of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

    brain spinal cord

  • 2

    it is the Major communication link between the brain and the PNS inferior to the head.

    spinal cord

  • 3

    Integrates incoming information and produces responses through reflex mechanisms

    spinal cord

  • 4

    SPINAL CORD • Diameter tapers towards the ends 1. ___ upper limb supply 2. ___ lower limbs supply 3. ___ cone-like region where the SC tapers 4. ___ lumbar and sacral nerve roots 5. ___ fibrous strand at the end of the conus medullaris

    CERVICAL ENLARGMENT LUMBOSACRAL ENLARGEMENT CONUS MEDULLARIS CAUDA EQUINA FILUM TERMINALE

  • 5

    CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD • ___ contains myelinated axons (which form nerve tracts) • ___ contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, axons • A collection of axons inside the CNS is called a ___, whereas outside the CNS is called a ___.

    WHITE MATTER GRAY MATTER tract nerve

  • 6

    contains axons of sensory neurons

    dorsal root

  • 7

    – contains axons of motor neurons; motor cell bodies are located in gray matter

    ventral root

  • 8

    CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD • ___ – deep cleft partially separating posterior half of the cord • ___ – separates the anterior half of the cord

    POSTERIOR MEDIAN SULCUS ANTERIOR MEDIAN FISSURE

  • 9

    CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD • ______ • looks like a butterfly or the • Organized into horns • DORSAL (POSTERIOR) HORN • VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) HORN • LATERAL HORN • ______ space filled with cerebrospinal fluid

    GRAYMATTER CENTRAL CANAL

  • 10

    Composed of myelinated fiber tracts

    white matter

  • 11

    white matter is Divided into three regions: • ____ – ascending tracts carrying sensory input to the brain • ____ ascending & descending tracts carrying sensory input & motor output • ____descending tracts carrying motor output

    DORSAL COLUMN LATERAL COLUMN VENTRAL COLUMN

  • 12

    Largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body It contains around 100 billion neurons and another trillion glial cells. Each neuron contains 10,000 connection with other neurons

    brain

  • 13

    FOUR MAJOR REGIONS OF THE BRAIN:

    • CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES • DIENCEPHALON • BRAIN STEM • CEREBELLUM

  • 14

    Collectively known as “cerebrum”; most superior and largest part of the brain

    cerebral hemispheres

  • 15

    cerebral hemispheres • ____ elevated ridges of tissue •____ shallow grooves separating the gyri • ____ deep grooves separating large regions of the brain into lobes

    Gyrus/Gyri Sulcus/Sulci Fissure/s

  • 16

    what are the LOBES OF THE BRAIN

    • FRONTAL LOBE • PARIETAL LOBE • TEMPORAL LOBE • OCCIPITAL LOBE

  • 17

    function of the lobe areas intellectual reasoning and behavior; judgement, problem solving, speech & language comprehension ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

    frontal lobe

  • 18

    FUNCTIONS OF LOBE AREAS ____ – primary sensory and motor area • Reflexes •General Sensation • Proprioception vInitiation of movement •Language formation

    PARIETAL LOBE

  • 19

    FUNCTIONS OF LOBE AREAS ___ primary auditory and olfactory area; process and understand sounds and smells _____ storage of memory; facial recognition

    TEMPORAL LOBE HIPPOCAMPUS

  • 20

    FUNCTIONS OF LOBE AREAS • ___ primary visual area POSTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

    OCCIPITAL LOBE

  • 21

    • Interbrain;sitsontopofthebrainstemandis enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres

    DIENCEPHALON

  • 22

    • THREEMAJORSTRUCTURES OF DIENCEPHALON _____ – relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the sensory cortex Hypothalamus – regulating body temperature, water balance, and metabolism _____centerformanydrives and emotions (e.g. thirst, appetite, sexual desire, perception of pain and pleasure) _____ contains the pineal gland – produces and regulates some hormones, including the sleep hormone (melatonin)

    Thalamus Limbicsystem Epithalamus

  • 23

    DIENCEPHALON _____ – a large bundle of myelinated nerve fibers that connect the two brain hemispheres permitting communication between the right and left sides of the brain.

    CORPUS CALLOSUM

  • 24

    The roots of the cranial nerves 3-12 arise from the brain stem

    brain stem

  • 25

    three structures of brain stem • ____ – visual and auditory reflex centers; subcortical motor centers, CN 3-4 • ____ – relay information from cerebrum to cerebellum; CN 5-7 • ____ – controls heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiratory rate, vomiting, CN 8-12

    MIDBRAIN PONS MEDULLA OBLONGATA

  • 26

    Large, cauliflower-like structure projecting under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

    cerebellum

  • 27

    functions of cerebellum • ____ of muscle movements • ____ or contraction force of muscles • ____

    COORDINATION TONE BALANCE/EQUILLIBRIUM

  • 28

    THREE (3) connective tissue membranes covering and protecting the CNS structures • ____ – outermost layer (+ periosteal layer) that continuous up to the spinal cord • ____ – middle layer • ____ – inner most covering of the brain and spinal cord

    DURA MATER ARACHNOID MATER PIA MATER

  • 29

    An inflammation of the meninges which is a serious threat to the brain due to bacterial or viral infection

    meningitis

  • 30

    • Clear fluid (contains Vit C and protein) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord • Cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury and also serves as a nutrient delivery and waste removal system for the brain • CSF are stored inside _____

    CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) ventricles

  • 31

    • Abnormal buildup of fluid in the ventricles (cavities) deep within the brain

    HYDROCEPHALUS

  • 32

    PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN • TWO PATHWAYS:

    • ASCENDING (SENSORY) PATHWAYS • DESCENDING (MOTOR) PATHWAYS

  • 33

    Sensory pathways that transmit sensory information to the brain via action potentials

    ASCENDING PATHWAYS

  • 34

    ascending pathways • ____ – pain, temperature, light touch, tickle, itch and pressure (contralateral) • ____ – proprioception, two-point discrimination, pressure, vibration (contralateral) • ____ – proprioception (ipsilateral)

    Anterolateral system Dorsal-column system Spinocerebellar tract

  • 35

    • Motor pathways that carry action potentials from regions of the cerebrum or cerebellum to the brainstem or spinal cord • ____ – conscious, skilled movements (contralateral) • ____ – unconscious movements (contralateral except for posture, ipsilateral)

    DESCENDING PATHWAYS DIRECT PATHWAY/PYRAMIDAL SYSTEM INDIRECT PATHWAY/EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM