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micro exam 1 over view

micro exam 1 over view
51問 • 2年前
  • Devin Mulligan
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is the function of the nucleus

    the “brains” of the cell, hold DNA (chromosomes), and directs cell activity

  • 2

    The function of the ribosome

    makes protein

  • 3

    the function of golgi apparatus

    make, processes, and packages proteins, AKA: UPS

  • 4

    the function of the lysosome

    breaks down food with digestive enzymes

  • 5

    the function of the endoplasmic reticulum

    AKA:intracellular highway, transports things around the cell

  • 6

    the function of the mitochondria

    makes energy (ATP) out of food also known as “powerhouse” of the cell

  • 7

    taxonomy

    organizing, classifying, and naming living things formal system

  • 8

    nomenclature

    assigning names

  • 9

    classification

    orderly arrangement of organisms into groups

  • 10

    taxonomic categories in order

    domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

  • 11

    how to correctly write the binomial name for a microorganism

    write genus first and capitalized then species second lowercase and underlined

  • 12

    fives I’s in order

    inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification

  • 13

    inoculation

    placing a sample into a container of medium that supplies nutrients for growth and is the first stage in culturing

  • 14

    purpose of inoculation

    to increase visibility; makes it possible to handle and manage microbes in an artificial environment

  • 15

    incubation

    exposing the inoculated medium to optimal growth conditions, generally for a few hours to days

  • 16

    purpose of incubation

    to promote multiplication/produce the actual culture

  • 17

    isolation

    methods for separating individual microbes and achieving isolated colonies that can be readily distinguished from one to another macroscopically

  • 18

    purpose of isolation

    to make additional cultures from single colonies to ensure they are pure; that is containing only a single species of microbe for further observation/testing

  • 19

    inspection

    observing cultures macroscopically for appearance of growth and microscopically for appearance of cells

  • 20

    purpose of inspection

    to analyze initial characters of microbes in samples; stains of cells may reveal information on cell type and morphology

  • 21

    identification

    analysis of connected data to help support a final determination of the types of microbes presentation the original sample.

  • 22

    purpose of identification

    it lays the ground work for further research into the nature and roles of these microbes; it can also provide numerous application in infection diagnosis

  • 23

    selective media

    suppress unwanted microbes and encourage desired microbes

  • 24

    example of selective media

    mannitol salt agar contains high levels of salt that inhibits the growth of certain microbes

  • 25

    differential media

    makes it easy to distinguish colonies of different microbes

  • 26

    complex media

    rich in minerals and nutrients and are often used for growing a wide variety of microorganisms

  • 27

    defined media

    consists of ingredients whose chemical formulas are known. these pure substances are carefully measured and dissolved in double distilled water

  • 28

    light microscope advantages

    cheaper, can look at living specimens, good for cells but not organelle detail

  • 29

    light microscope disadvantages

    poor depth of field, can’t get much in focus at higher magnifications, not a sharp image, resolution to 2 um as compared to 2 nm for EM

  • 30

    electron microscope advantages

    great depth of field, great resolution, 2nm

  • 31

    electron microscope disadvantages

    very costly, have to kill specimen to view it, specimen prep is involved; killed, fixed, coated

  • 32

    simple staining techniques

    use one type of stain, uses common simple stain dyes such as crystal violet and safranin

  • 33

    differential staining

    uses 2 dyes; primary/counter stain, the 2 dyes are used for differentiating between 2 cell types/cell parts

  • 34

    differential staining example

    gram stain

  • 35

    structures that some but not all bacteria posses

    capsules, fimbriae, pili, flagella, cell wall

  • 36

    structures all bacteria posses

    ribosome, cell membrane, slime layer, mesosome, actin filaments, chromosome, pilus, cytoplasmic matrix

  • 37

    describe 3 major shapes of bacteria

    bacillus: rod shaped coccus: spherical shaped spirilium: spiral shaped

  • 38

    3 terms to describe bacterial arrangements

    diplococcus- bacteria that occurs in pairs of cocci streptococcus- chains/pairs of gram + coccus streptobacillus- gram - rod shaped and grouped in chains

  • 39

    describe the important characteristics of a glycolax in prokaryotes

    prevents recognition and deconstruction of the bacteria by the immune cells and acts as a barrier for a cell from its surroundings and provides protection

  • 40

    identify and describe the bacterial flagella arrangements

    monotrichous-single flagellum at one end lophotrichous-small bunches from the same site amphitrichous-flagella at both ends of the cell peritrichous-flagella dispersed over surface of cell

  • 41

    gram negative

    surrounded by a thin peptidoglycan cell wall which is surrounded by an outer membrane containing lippolysaccharide

  • 42

    gram positive

    bacteria lacks an outer membrane but are surrounded by layer of peptidoglycan many times thicker than is found in the gram negative

  • 43

    a substance in the cell wall structures of some bacteria that can cause severe symptoms in humans

    lippolysaccharides- can be toxic if released during infections, can block immune response

  • 44

    are plants and animals multicellular or unicellular

    multicellular

  • 45

    are protists and fungi multicellular or unicellular

    unicellular

  • 46

    what is culture medium

    medium is a single nutrient prepared for microbial growth

  • 47

    what is culture media

    media is multiple nutrients prepared for microbial growth

  • 48

    what is asepsis

    the absence of contamination by unwanted organisms

  • 49

    what is aseptic technique

    sterile technique, meaning that sterile media and inoculating tools must be used

  • 50

    what is the external structure of glycocalyx

    surface coating made of sugars and or proteins

  • 51

    what are the three parts of the flagella

    filament, hook, basal body

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    51問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is the function of the nucleus

    the “brains” of the cell, hold DNA (chromosomes), and directs cell activity

  • 2

    The function of the ribosome

    makes protein

  • 3

    the function of golgi apparatus

    make, processes, and packages proteins, AKA: UPS

  • 4

    the function of the lysosome

    breaks down food with digestive enzymes

  • 5

    the function of the endoplasmic reticulum

    AKA:intracellular highway, transports things around the cell

  • 6

    the function of the mitochondria

    makes energy (ATP) out of food also known as “powerhouse” of the cell

  • 7

    taxonomy

    organizing, classifying, and naming living things formal system

  • 8

    nomenclature

    assigning names

  • 9

    classification

    orderly arrangement of organisms into groups

  • 10

    taxonomic categories in order

    domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

  • 11

    how to correctly write the binomial name for a microorganism

    write genus first and capitalized then species second lowercase and underlined

  • 12

    fives I’s in order

    inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification

  • 13

    inoculation

    placing a sample into a container of medium that supplies nutrients for growth and is the first stage in culturing

  • 14

    purpose of inoculation

    to increase visibility; makes it possible to handle and manage microbes in an artificial environment

  • 15

    incubation

    exposing the inoculated medium to optimal growth conditions, generally for a few hours to days

  • 16

    purpose of incubation

    to promote multiplication/produce the actual culture

  • 17

    isolation

    methods for separating individual microbes and achieving isolated colonies that can be readily distinguished from one to another macroscopically

  • 18

    purpose of isolation

    to make additional cultures from single colonies to ensure they are pure; that is containing only a single species of microbe for further observation/testing

  • 19

    inspection

    observing cultures macroscopically for appearance of growth and microscopically for appearance of cells

  • 20

    purpose of inspection

    to analyze initial characters of microbes in samples; stains of cells may reveal information on cell type and morphology

  • 21

    identification

    analysis of connected data to help support a final determination of the types of microbes presentation the original sample.

  • 22

    purpose of identification

    it lays the ground work for further research into the nature and roles of these microbes; it can also provide numerous application in infection diagnosis

  • 23

    selective media

    suppress unwanted microbes and encourage desired microbes

  • 24

    example of selective media

    mannitol salt agar contains high levels of salt that inhibits the growth of certain microbes

  • 25

    differential media

    makes it easy to distinguish colonies of different microbes

  • 26

    complex media

    rich in minerals and nutrients and are often used for growing a wide variety of microorganisms

  • 27

    defined media

    consists of ingredients whose chemical formulas are known. these pure substances are carefully measured and dissolved in double distilled water

  • 28

    light microscope advantages

    cheaper, can look at living specimens, good for cells but not organelle detail

  • 29

    light microscope disadvantages

    poor depth of field, can’t get much in focus at higher magnifications, not a sharp image, resolution to 2 um as compared to 2 nm for EM

  • 30

    electron microscope advantages

    great depth of field, great resolution, 2nm

  • 31

    electron microscope disadvantages

    very costly, have to kill specimen to view it, specimen prep is involved; killed, fixed, coated

  • 32

    simple staining techniques

    use one type of stain, uses common simple stain dyes such as crystal violet and safranin

  • 33

    differential staining

    uses 2 dyes; primary/counter stain, the 2 dyes are used for differentiating between 2 cell types/cell parts

  • 34

    differential staining example

    gram stain

  • 35

    structures that some but not all bacteria posses

    capsules, fimbriae, pili, flagella, cell wall

  • 36

    structures all bacteria posses

    ribosome, cell membrane, slime layer, mesosome, actin filaments, chromosome, pilus, cytoplasmic matrix

  • 37

    describe 3 major shapes of bacteria

    bacillus: rod shaped coccus: spherical shaped spirilium: spiral shaped

  • 38

    3 terms to describe bacterial arrangements

    diplococcus- bacteria that occurs in pairs of cocci streptococcus- chains/pairs of gram + coccus streptobacillus- gram - rod shaped and grouped in chains

  • 39

    describe the important characteristics of a glycolax in prokaryotes

    prevents recognition and deconstruction of the bacteria by the immune cells and acts as a barrier for a cell from its surroundings and provides protection

  • 40

    identify and describe the bacterial flagella arrangements

    monotrichous-single flagellum at one end lophotrichous-small bunches from the same site amphitrichous-flagella at both ends of the cell peritrichous-flagella dispersed over surface of cell

  • 41

    gram negative

    surrounded by a thin peptidoglycan cell wall which is surrounded by an outer membrane containing lippolysaccharide

  • 42

    gram positive

    bacteria lacks an outer membrane but are surrounded by layer of peptidoglycan many times thicker than is found in the gram negative

  • 43

    a substance in the cell wall structures of some bacteria that can cause severe symptoms in humans

    lippolysaccharides- can be toxic if released during infections, can block immune response

  • 44

    are plants and animals multicellular or unicellular

    multicellular

  • 45

    are protists and fungi multicellular or unicellular

    unicellular

  • 46

    what is culture medium

    medium is a single nutrient prepared for microbial growth

  • 47

    what is culture media

    media is multiple nutrients prepared for microbial growth

  • 48

    what is asepsis

    the absence of contamination by unwanted organisms

  • 49

    what is aseptic technique

    sterile technique, meaning that sterile media and inoculating tools must be used

  • 50

    what is the external structure of glycocalyx

    surface coating made of sugars and or proteins

  • 51

    what are the three parts of the flagella

    filament, hook, basal body