ログイン

micro final

micro final
100問 • 2年前
  • Devin Mulligan
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    how do you write the binomial name for a micro organism

    italicized and genus name is capitalized

  • 2

    procaryotes

    bacteria, no organelles, have no nucleus

  • 3

    eukaryotes

    fungi, helminths, Protozoa, unicellular, have nucleus and organelles

  • 4

    acellular microorganisms

    viruses and prions

  • 5

    taxonomic categories

    domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

  • 6

    what are the five i’s

    inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification

  • 7

    inoculation

    taking an inoculum to grow as a culture and placing it in a suitable medium using sterile tools and aseptic technique

  • 8

    incubation

    letting the culture grow in an incubator

  • 9

    isolation

    separate the selected microorganism from the contaminants

  • 10

    inspection

    use staining techniques to allow for examination

  • 11

    identification

    identify the microbe

  • 12

    selective media

    the unwanted microbes are suppressed while the wanted ones are encouraged to grow

  • 13

    examples of selective media

    mannitol salt agar for halophiles and staphylococcus

  • 14

    differential media

    distinguishes colonies of different microbes by color

  • 15

    light microscope

    a total magnification of the ocular lens and the objective lens multiplied

  • 16

    benefits of light microscope

    cheaper, living can be seen, good for cells

  • 17

    disadvantages of light microscope

    poor depth of field, no organelle visuals, resolution of 2 micrometers

  • 18

    electron microscope benefits

    great depth of field, great resolution

  • 19

    disadvantages of electron microscope

    expensive, have to kill specimen, lots of prep required

  • 20

    simple staining

    one type of basic dye, bacteria

  • 21

    negative staining

    one type of acidic dye, stains the background

  • 22

    differential staining

    two or more types of dye, gram stain with crystal violet and safranin, endoscope stain, and acid-fast

  • 23

    flagella

    extensions for motility, attached with a basal body, hook, and filament arrangement

  • 24

    nanowires

    membrane extensions allowing bacteria to transmit electrons or nutrients

  • 25

    capsule

    coating of proteins for protection against phagocytosis and dehydration, adhesive to surfaces

  • 26

    what is capsules also known as

    glycocalyx and slime layer

  • 27

    pili

    conjugation appendage for transfer of DNA

  • 28

    S layer

    monolayer of protein for protection and/or attachment

  • 29

    fimbriae

    hairlike extensions that allow for adhesions to other cells and surface

  • 30

    what does the cell envelope include

    cell membrane, outer membrane, cell wall

  • 31

    cell membrane

    lipid and protein sheet surrounding cytoplasm controlling flow of materials going in and out

  • 32

    outer membrane

    extra membrane with lipopolysaccharides that controls flow of materials, portions of this are toxic to mammals when released

  • 33

    cell wall

    semirigid she’ll that provides shape and structural support

  • 34

    bacterial chromosome

    condensed DNA molecules that directs genetics, heredity, and protein codes

  • 35

    ribosomes

    small pieces of protein and RNA that serve as the sites of protein synthesis

  • 36

    actin cytoskeleton

    long protein fibers inside the cell membrane that give shape

  • 37

    inclusions/granules

    stored fat phosphate, glycogen, and other nutrients in the form of readily available dense crystals

  • 38

    bacterial microcompartments

    protein-coated packets for localizing enzymes and other proteins within the cytoplasm

  • 39

    plasmid

    double stranded DNA circle with extra genes

  • 40

    endospore

    dormant body of genes allowing for survival, extremely condition resistant

  • 41

    gram positive

    teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, very thick wall of peptidoglycan

  • 42

    gram negative

    lipopolysaccharide layer, thin layer of peptidoglycan, porin proteins, two peri plastic spaces, outer membrane

  • 43

    where is my colic acid in mycobacterium

    built within their cell walls

  • 44

    what are the three major shapes of bacteria

    coccus, bacillus, spirillum

  • 45

    coccus shape

    spherical

  • 46

    bacillus shape

    rod like

  • 47

    spirillum shape

    rigid spiral

  • 48

    bacterial arrangments

    staphylo, strepto, singles, tetrads, sarcina

  • 49

    staphylo arrangement

    clusters

  • 50

    strepto arrngement

    chains

  • 51

    singles arrangement

    unattached

  • 52

    tetrads arrangement

    groups of four

  • 53

    sarcina arrangement

    cubical shape

  • 54

    unusual shapes of bacteria

    coccobacillus and vibrio

  • 55

    coccobacillus

    oval

  • 56

    vibrio

    comma shaped

  • 57

    mitochondria

    energy production, outer membrane and inner membrane with folds, holds enzymes and electron carriers of aerobic respiration, contains DNA and 70S ribosomes, and divides independently of the cell

  • 58

    nucleus

    compact sphere, most important, brain of the cell, directs intracellular processes, contains chromosomes

  • 59

    nucleolus

    dark area for rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

  • 60

    smooth endoplasmic reticulum

    no ribosomes, closed tubular network, functions in nutrient processing, synthesis and storage of lipids

  • 61

    rough endoplasmic reticulum

    originates from outer membrane of the membrane of the nuclear envelope, extends as a continuous network throughout the cytoplasm, proteins synthesized and shunted into the endoplasmic reticulum for packaging and transport

  • 62

    Golgi apparatus

    modifies stores and packages proteins, stacks of flattened sacs called cistern are, receives transitional vestibules from RER for modification, sends out condensing vesicles that are released from the cell

  • 63

    lysosome

    vesicles containing enzymes that originate from the golgi, intracellular digestion of food particles and protection against invading microbes

  • 64

    vacuole

    membrane bound sacs containing particles to be digested, secreted, and stored

  • 65

    phagosome

    vacuole merged with lysosome undergoing phagocytosis of the foreign microbes

  • 66

    ribosomes

    80S in cytoplasm and 70S in mitochondria, composed of rRNA and proteins, associated with the RER, part of protein synthesis

  • 67

    cytoskeleton

    flexible framework of micro filaments and micro tubules, gives structure and shape and supports transport of materials, aids in amoeboid movement

  • 68

    nuclear envelope

    two parallel membranes and differentiate between eukaryotic and bacterial types

  • 69

    how big are prokaryotic ribosomes

    70S

  • 70

    how big are eukaryotic ribosomes

    80S

  • 71

    what are the two major groups of helminths

    flatworms and roundworms

  • 72

    flatworms

    flat, no definite body cavity, single opening digestive tract, simple excretory and nervous systems

  • 73

    two types of flatworms

    cestodes and trematodes

  • 74

    cestodes

    long ribbon like arrangement

  • 75

    example of cestodes

    Diphyllobothrium latum

  • 76

    trematodes

    flattened, oval, non-segmented

  • 77

    example of trematodes

    Toxocara canis

  • 78

    roundworms

    round, a complete digestive tract, a protective surface cuticle, spines and hooks on mouth, excretory and nervous system poorly developed

  • 79

    what are the three means of locomotion by protozoas

    flagella, cilia, pseudopods

  • 80

    flagella in eukaryotes

    10 times thicker, 9+2 arrangement, moves in lashes, not 360 degrees, extensions of the cell membrane

  • 81

    what is a mass of hyphae called

    mycelium

  • 82

    6 steps in life cycle of animal viruses

    adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release

  • 83

    adsorption

    the process of adhering one molecule onto the surface of another

  • 84

    penetration

    when the virus enters the cell

  • 85

    uncoating

    removal of the viral coat, capsid and envelope when applicable

  • 86

    synthesis

    when genetic proteins and materials are made through replication and transcription/translation

  • 87

    release

    the newly made viruses are released through budding or lysis

  • 88

    persistent infections

    when the host cell does not immediately die upon release but instead harbors the virus

  • 89

    latent infections

    occur when the virus remains in the host cell but is instead periodically reactivated by environmental stressors such as fever, stress, or anything that weakens immunity

  • 90

    why are viral surface proteins/spikes important

    made of glycoproteins, attach to the host cells receptors and are crucial for the adsorption stage of viral replication

  • 91

    viral capsid

    a protein based shell around the nucleic acid of a virus and are made up of smaller parts called capsomeres

  • 92

    viral genome

    contain either DNA or RNA and single or double stranded

  • 93

    obligate aerobe

    requires oxygen to survive

  • 94

    facultative anaerobe

    prefers oxygen to survive

  • 95

    microaerophile

    requires small amounts of oxygen to survive

  • 96

    aerotolerant anaerobe

    microbe that is unaffected by presence of oxygen

  • 97

    obligate anaerobe

    requires no oxygen present to survive

  • 98

    generation time

    the time required to complete a binary fission cycle where one cell becomes two

  • 99

    isotonic condition

    water is moving both in and out of the cell, causing the concentration on the inside and outside of the cell to be equal and leaving no effect on the cell

  • 100

    hypotonic condition

    involves a cell that inner solute concentration is higher than its outer solute concentration forcing water to rush in until the cell explodes

  • micro exam 1 over view

    micro exam 1 over view

    Devin Mulligan · 51問 · 2年前

    micro exam 1 over view

    micro exam 1 over view

    51問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    Micro Ch.8

    Micro Ch.8

    Devin Mulligan · 50問 · 2年前

    Micro Ch.8

    Micro Ch.8

    50問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    micro ch.7

    micro ch.7

    Devin Mulligan · 73問 · 2年前

    micro ch.7

    micro ch.7

    73問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    microchapter 11

    microchapter 11

    Devin Mulligan · 45問 · 2年前

    microchapter 11

    microchapter 11

    45問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    micro ch 12

    micro ch 12

    Devin Mulligan · 31問 · 2年前

    micro ch 12

    micro ch 12

    31問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    micro table 1. chemical control

    micro table 1. chemical control

    Devin Mulligan · 37問 · 2年前

    micro table 1. chemical control

    micro table 1. chemical control

    37問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    micro table 2. physical control

    micro table 2. physical control

    Devin Mulligan · 17問 · 2年前

    micro table 2. physical control

    micro table 2. physical control

    17問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    micro table 3. antibiotics

    micro table 3. antibiotics

    Devin Mulligan · 21問 · 2年前

    micro table 3. antibiotics

    micro table 3. antibiotics

    21問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    micro final pt.2

    micro final pt.2

    Devin Mulligan · 51問 · 2年前

    micro final pt.2

    micro final pt.2

    51問 • 2年前
    Devin Mulligan

    問題一覧

  • 1

    how do you write the binomial name for a micro organism

    italicized and genus name is capitalized

  • 2

    procaryotes

    bacteria, no organelles, have no nucleus

  • 3

    eukaryotes

    fungi, helminths, Protozoa, unicellular, have nucleus and organelles

  • 4

    acellular microorganisms

    viruses and prions

  • 5

    taxonomic categories

    domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

  • 6

    what are the five i’s

    inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification

  • 7

    inoculation

    taking an inoculum to grow as a culture and placing it in a suitable medium using sterile tools and aseptic technique

  • 8

    incubation

    letting the culture grow in an incubator

  • 9

    isolation

    separate the selected microorganism from the contaminants

  • 10

    inspection

    use staining techniques to allow for examination

  • 11

    identification

    identify the microbe

  • 12

    selective media

    the unwanted microbes are suppressed while the wanted ones are encouraged to grow

  • 13

    examples of selective media

    mannitol salt agar for halophiles and staphylococcus

  • 14

    differential media

    distinguishes colonies of different microbes by color

  • 15

    light microscope

    a total magnification of the ocular lens and the objective lens multiplied

  • 16

    benefits of light microscope

    cheaper, living can be seen, good for cells

  • 17

    disadvantages of light microscope

    poor depth of field, no organelle visuals, resolution of 2 micrometers

  • 18

    electron microscope benefits

    great depth of field, great resolution

  • 19

    disadvantages of electron microscope

    expensive, have to kill specimen, lots of prep required

  • 20

    simple staining

    one type of basic dye, bacteria

  • 21

    negative staining

    one type of acidic dye, stains the background

  • 22

    differential staining

    two or more types of dye, gram stain with crystal violet and safranin, endoscope stain, and acid-fast

  • 23

    flagella

    extensions for motility, attached with a basal body, hook, and filament arrangement

  • 24

    nanowires

    membrane extensions allowing bacteria to transmit electrons or nutrients

  • 25

    capsule

    coating of proteins for protection against phagocytosis and dehydration, adhesive to surfaces

  • 26

    what is capsules also known as

    glycocalyx and slime layer

  • 27

    pili

    conjugation appendage for transfer of DNA

  • 28

    S layer

    monolayer of protein for protection and/or attachment

  • 29

    fimbriae

    hairlike extensions that allow for adhesions to other cells and surface

  • 30

    what does the cell envelope include

    cell membrane, outer membrane, cell wall

  • 31

    cell membrane

    lipid and protein sheet surrounding cytoplasm controlling flow of materials going in and out

  • 32

    outer membrane

    extra membrane with lipopolysaccharides that controls flow of materials, portions of this are toxic to mammals when released

  • 33

    cell wall

    semirigid she’ll that provides shape and structural support

  • 34

    bacterial chromosome

    condensed DNA molecules that directs genetics, heredity, and protein codes

  • 35

    ribosomes

    small pieces of protein and RNA that serve as the sites of protein synthesis

  • 36

    actin cytoskeleton

    long protein fibers inside the cell membrane that give shape

  • 37

    inclusions/granules

    stored fat phosphate, glycogen, and other nutrients in the form of readily available dense crystals

  • 38

    bacterial microcompartments

    protein-coated packets for localizing enzymes and other proteins within the cytoplasm

  • 39

    plasmid

    double stranded DNA circle with extra genes

  • 40

    endospore

    dormant body of genes allowing for survival, extremely condition resistant

  • 41

    gram positive

    teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, very thick wall of peptidoglycan

  • 42

    gram negative

    lipopolysaccharide layer, thin layer of peptidoglycan, porin proteins, two peri plastic spaces, outer membrane

  • 43

    where is my colic acid in mycobacterium

    built within their cell walls

  • 44

    what are the three major shapes of bacteria

    coccus, bacillus, spirillum

  • 45

    coccus shape

    spherical

  • 46

    bacillus shape

    rod like

  • 47

    spirillum shape

    rigid spiral

  • 48

    bacterial arrangments

    staphylo, strepto, singles, tetrads, sarcina

  • 49

    staphylo arrangement

    clusters

  • 50

    strepto arrngement

    chains

  • 51

    singles arrangement

    unattached

  • 52

    tetrads arrangement

    groups of four

  • 53

    sarcina arrangement

    cubical shape

  • 54

    unusual shapes of bacteria

    coccobacillus and vibrio

  • 55

    coccobacillus

    oval

  • 56

    vibrio

    comma shaped

  • 57

    mitochondria

    energy production, outer membrane and inner membrane with folds, holds enzymes and electron carriers of aerobic respiration, contains DNA and 70S ribosomes, and divides independently of the cell

  • 58

    nucleus

    compact sphere, most important, brain of the cell, directs intracellular processes, contains chromosomes

  • 59

    nucleolus

    dark area for rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

  • 60

    smooth endoplasmic reticulum

    no ribosomes, closed tubular network, functions in nutrient processing, synthesis and storage of lipids

  • 61

    rough endoplasmic reticulum

    originates from outer membrane of the membrane of the nuclear envelope, extends as a continuous network throughout the cytoplasm, proteins synthesized and shunted into the endoplasmic reticulum for packaging and transport

  • 62

    Golgi apparatus

    modifies stores and packages proteins, stacks of flattened sacs called cistern are, receives transitional vestibules from RER for modification, sends out condensing vesicles that are released from the cell

  • 63

    lysosome

    vesicles containing enzymes that originate from the golgi, intracellular digestion of food particles and protection against invading microbes

  • 64

    vacuole

    membrane bound sacs containing particles to be digested, secreted, and stored

  • 65

    phagosome

    vacuole merged with lysosome undergoing phagocytosis of the foreign microbes

  • 66

    ribosomes

    80S in cytoplasm and 70S in mitochondria, composed of rRNA and proteins, associated with the RER, part of protein synthesis

  • 67

    cytoskeleton

    flexible framework of micro filaments and micro tubules, gives structure and shape and supports transport of materials, aids in amoeboid movement

  • 68

    nuclear envelope

    two parallel membranes and differentiate between eukaryotic and bacterial types

  • 69

    how big are prokaryotic ribosomes

    70S

  • 70

    how big are eukaryotic ribosomes

    80S

  • 71

    what are the two major groups of helminths

    flatworms and roundworms

  • 72

    flatworms

    flat, no definite body cavity, single opening digestive tract, simple excretory and nervous systems

  • 73

    two types of flatworms

    cestodes and trematodes

  • 74

    cestodes

    long ribbon like arrangement

  • 75

    example of cestodes

    Diphyllobothrium latum

  • 76

    trematodes

    flattened, oval, non-segmented

  • 77

    example of trematodes

    Toxocara canis

  • 78

    roundworms

    round, a complete digestive tract, a protective surface cuticle, spines and hooks on mouth, excretory and nervous system poorly developed

  • 79

    what are the three means of locomotion by protozoas

    flagella, cilia, pseudopods

  • 80

    flagella in eukaryotes

    10 times thicker, 9+2 arrangement, moves in lashes, not 360 degrees, extensions of the cell membrane

  • 81

    what is a mass of hyphae called

    mycelium

  • 82

    6 steps in life cycle of animal viruses

    adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release

  • 83

    adsorption

    the process of adhering one molecule onto the surface of another

  • 84

    penetration

    when the virus enters the cell

  • 85

    uncoating

    removal of the viral coat, capsid and envelope when applicable

  • 86

    synthesis

    when genetic proteins and materials are made through replication and transcription/translation

  • 87

    release

    the newly made viruses are released through budding or lysis

  • 88

    persistent infections

    when the host cell does not immediately die upon release but instead harbors the virus

  • 89

    latent infections

    occur when the virus remains in the host cell but is instead periodically reactivated by environmental stressors such as fever, stress, or anything that weakens immunity

  • 90

    why are viral surface proteins/spikes important

    made of glycoproteins, attach to the host cells receptors and are crucial for the adsorption stage of viral replication

  • 91

    viral capsid

    a protein based shell around the nucleic acid of a virus and are made up of smaller parts called capsomeres

  • 92

    viral genome

    contain either DNA or RNA and single or double stranded

  • 93

    obligate aerobe

    requires oxygen to survive

  • 94

    facultative anaerobe

    prefers oxygen to survive

  • 95

    microaerophile

    requires small amounts of oxygen to survive

  • 96

    aerotolerant anaerobe

    microbe that is unaffected by presence of oxygen

  • 97

    obligate anaerobe

    requires no oxygen present to survive

  • 98

    generation time

    the time required to complete a binary fission cycle where one cell becomes two

  • 99

    isotonic condition

    water is moving both in and out of the cell, causing the concentration on the inside and outside of the cell to be equal and leaving no effect on the cell

  • 100

    hypotonic condition

    involves a cell that inner solute concentration is higher than its outer solute concentration forcing water to rush in until the cell explodes