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micro ch 12

micro ch 12
31問 • 2年前
  • Devin Mulligan
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    what is the main goal of ntimicrobial treatment

    to interfere with the growth of microbes within a host

  • 2

    what are the sources of the most commonly used antimicrobial drugs

    Gram-positive rods, actinomycetes, and fungi

  • 3

    what factors affect success of antimicrobial drugs

    the nature of the infecting microbe, microbes current sensitivity to available drugs/antibiotics, the overall medical status of the infected host (immuno-compromised or healthy)

  • 4

    what two ways do we test antimicrobial susceptibility

    Kirby-Bauer test and E-test diffusion test

  • 5

    what does the kirby Bauer test show

    microbes susceptibility/resistance to a drug

  • 6

    what media is used in the kirby Bauer test

    mueller Hinton

  • 7

    kirby Bauer test

    cover the entire plate with microbe then evenly distribute drugs throughout visual zone of inhibition

  • 8

    what is the control variable in kirby Bauer test

    disks being same size and media used (controls the diffusion)

  • 9

    E-test diffusion test

    strips contain different concentrations of a drug and for results look where on the strip the zone stops to find zone of inhibition

  • 10

    therapeutic index

    ratio of the dose that is toxic to humans and is close to MIC

  • 11

    is the number ideal when it’s high or low for the therapeutic index

    high

  • 12

    equation for therapeutic index

    toxic dose/ MIC

  • 13

    Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

    lowest dose that is most effective

  • 14

    selective toxicity

    destroys the infective agent without harming the hosts cells

  • 15

    narrow spectrum

    target a specific cell component that is found only in certain microbes

  • 16

    example of narrow spectrum

    mycolic acid

  • 17

    broad spectrum

    targets cell components common to most pathogens

  • 18

    example of broad spectrum

    ribosomes

  • 19

    which spectrum is a big range of microbes

    broad spectrum

  • 20

    which spectrum is a small range of microbes

    narrow

  • 21

    what leads to acquired resistance

    spontaneous mutations in critical chromosomal genes and acquisition of new genes or sets of genes via horizontal transfer

  • 22

    what are the three types of acquisition of new genes by horizontal transfer

    conjugation, transformation, and transduction

  • 23

    conjugation

    bacteria sex, uses sex polis to attach and share genes

  • 24

    transformation

    transfer of free floating DNA into cell

  • 25

    transduction

    transfer by virus, virus takes bacteria and transfers it to new cell

  • 26

    what mechanisms do microbes use to resist antimicrobials

    new enzymes are synthesized inactivating the drug, uptake of the drug into a bacterium is decreased, and drug is immediately eliminated

  • 27

    how do humans affect antibiotic resistance

    use outdated or weakened antibiotics, use antibiotics for common cold or other inappropriate conditions, does not finish the antibiotic days, uses someone’s else’s left over prescription

  • 28

    what is an example of probiotics

    probiotic yogurt

  • 29

    what is an example of prebiotics

    fractals encourage the growth of Bifidobacterium in the large intestine and discourage the growth of pathogens

  • 30

    probiotics

    replace microbes lost during antimicrobial therapy

  • 31

    prebiotics

    nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    what is the main goal of ntimicrobial treatment

    to interfere with the growth of microbes within a host

  • 2

    what are the sources of the most commonly used antimicrobial drugs

    Gram-positive rods, actinomycetes, and fungi

  • 3

    what factors affect success of antimicrobial drugs

    the nature of the infecting microbe, microbes current sensitivity to available drugs/antibiotics, the overall medical status of the infected host (immuno-compromised or healthy)

  • 4

    what two ways do we test antimicrobial susceptibility

    Kirby-Bauer test and E-test diffusion test

  • 5

    what does the kirby Bauer test show

    microbes susceptibility/resistance to a drug

  • 6

    what media is used in the kirby Bauer test

    mueller Hinton

  • 7

    kirby Bauer test

    cover the entire plate with microbe then evenly distribute drugs throughout visual zone of inhibition

  • 8

    what is the control variable in kirby Bauer test

    disks being same size and media used (controls the diffusion)

  • 9

    E-test diffusion test

    strips contain different concentrations of a drug and for results look where on the strip the zone stops to find zone of inhibition

  • 10

    therapeutic index

    ratio of the dose that is toxic to humans and is close to MIC

  • 11

    is the number ideal when it’s high or low for the therapeutic index

    high

  • 12

    equation for therapeutic index

    toxic dose/ MIC

  • 13

    Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

    lowest dose that is most effective

  • 14

    selective toxicity

    destroys the infective agent without harming the hosts cells

  • 15

    narrow spectrum

    target a specific cell component that is found only in certain microbes

  • 16

    example of narrow spectrum

    mycolic acid

  • 17

    broad spectrum

    targets cell components common to most pathogens

  • 18

    example of broad spectrum

    ribosomes

  • 19

    which spectrum is a big range of microbes

    broad spectrum

  • 20

    which spectrum is a small range of microbes

    narrow

  • 21

    what leads to acquired resistance

    spontaneous mutations in critical chromosomal genes and acquisition of new genes or sets of genes via horizontal transfer

  • 22

    what are the three types of acquisition of new genes by horizontal transfer

    conjugation, transformation, and transduction

  • 23

    conjugation

    bacteria sex, uses sex polis to attach and share genes

  • 24

    transformation

    transfer of free floating DNA into cell

  • 25

    transduction

    transfer by virus, virus takes bacteria and transfers it to new cell

  • 26

    what mechanisms do microbes use to resist antimicrobials

    new enzymes are synthesized inactivating the drug, uptake of the drug into a bacterium is decreased, and drug is immediately eliminated

  • 27

    how do humans affect antibiotic resistance

    use outdated or weakened antibiotics, use antibiotics for common cold or other inappropriate conditions, does not finish the antibiotic days, uses someone’s else’s left over prescription

  • 28

    what is an example of probiotics

    probiotic yogurt

  • 29

    what is an example of prebiotics

    fractals encourage the growth of Bifidobacterium in the large intestine and discourage the growth of pathogens

  • 30

    probiotics

    replace microbes lost during antimicrobial therapy

  • 31

    prebiotics

    nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes