問題一覧
1
What does a catabolist do
breaks things down
2
what does a anabolist do
builds things up
3
definition of metabolism
catabolic and anabolic chemical reactions that breaks down food to build up energy
4
what do enzyme names end in most of the time
-ase
5
what type of protein is an enzyme
catalytic protein
6
what is the lock and key for an enzyme
substrate is the key and the active site of the enzyme is the lock
7
what is the apoenzyme
the protein portion of an enzyme
8
what is an enzyme
a biological catalysts
9
what do metallic cofactors do
help bring the active site and substrate close together
10
what are the two types of cofactors
coenzyme (organic) and metals (inorganic)
11
what are coenzymes
organic compounds that alter the substrate, remove a chemical group from one substrate and add it to another substrate, and carry/transfer hydrogen atoms, electrons, carbon dioxide, and amino groups
12
example of metallic cofactors
iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc, cobalt, selenium, etc
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example of coenzymes
vitamins
14
what type of enzyme is holoenzymes
conjugated enzymes
15
what are holoenzymes
contain protein and some other non protein molecule
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endoenzyme
enzymes that stay inside the cell
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exoenzyme purpose
transport outside the cell, breaks down large food molecules, can be harmful chemicals aka toxins, and made by the cell then sent outside the cell
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what is ATP
adenosine triphosphate is the chemical that energy is stored in cells
19
what is a redox reaction
an oxidation (lose of electrons) paired with a reduction reaction (gain of electrons)
20
NAD & FAD are?
coenzymes that are electron carriers used by cells
21
what are the three basic metabolic pathways resulting in ATP production
Aerobic, Anaerobic, and Fermentation
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how much ATP is produced in anaerobic
fewer than 38 but more than 2
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how much ATP does aerobic produce
36 (eukaryotes) and 38 (prokaryotes)
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how much ATP does fermentation produce
2
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input of glycolysis
glucose (sugar) and 2 ATP
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output of glycolysis
ATP & NADH
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input for Krebs cycle
puruvic acid
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output of Kreb cycle
reduced NADH & FADH2 and 2 ATP
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input for electron transport chain
NADH & FADH2
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output of electron transport chain
ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
31
aerobic respiration
uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor
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anaerobic respiration
does not use oxygen as a final electron acceptor
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examples of anaerobic respiration
nitrate and sulfate
34
what are the 2 types of fermentation
alcohol and lactic acid
35
what does alcohol fermentation produce
ethanol and CO2
36
what does alcohol fermentation give us
beer,wine, and fuel
37
what are way of controlling enzymatic activity
temperature, pH, and inhibitors
38
what is the effective way to control growth of bacteria
inhibitors
39
what does denature mean
distorts cell shape, prevents substrate from attaching, and can lead to death of the cell
40
what denatures the enzyme
temperature and pH
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what are the two types of inhibitors
competitive and non-competitive
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competitive inhibitors
bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate
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example of competitive inhibitors
sulfa drug
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non- competitive inhibitors
bind to another part of and enzyme (regulatory site), causing enzyme to change shape taking away the effectiveness of the active site.
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negative feedback
the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway
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what leads to negative feedback
non competitive inhibitors
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where does the glycolysis and the kreb cycle happen for eukaryotes
mitochondria
48
where does the electron transport chain happen in eukaryotes
mitochondria membrane
49
where does glycolysis kreb cycle happen for prokaryotes
cytoplasm
50
where does electron transport chain happen in prokaryotes
the electron transport chain