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Micro Ch.8
  • Devin Mulligan

  • 問題数 50 • 10/11/2023

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What does a catabolist do

    breaks things down

  • 2

    what does a anabolist do

    builds things up

  • 3

    definition of metabolism

    catabolic and anabolic chemical reactions that breaks down food to build up energy

  • 4

    what do enzyme names end in most of the time

    -ase

  • 5

    what type of protein is an enzyme

    catalytic protein

  • 6

    what is the lock and key for an enzyme

    substrate is the key and the active site of the enzyme is the lock

  • 7

    what is the apoenzyme

    the protein portion of an enzyme

  • 8

    what is an enzyme

    a biological catalysts

  • 9

    what do metallic cofactors do

    help bring the active site and substrate close together

  • 10

    what are the two types of cofactors

    coenzyme (organic) and metals (inorganic)

  • 11

    what are coenzymes

    organic compounds that alter the substrate, remove a chemical group from one substrate and add it to another substrate, and carry/transfer hydrogen atoms, electrons, carbon dioxide, and amino groups

  • 12

    example of metallic cofactors

    iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc, cobalt, selenium, etc

  • 13

    example of coenzymes

    vitamins

  • 14

    what type of enzyme is holoenzymes

    conjugated enzymes

  • 15

    what are holoenzymes

    contain protein and some other non protein molecule

  • 16

    endoenzyme

    enzymes that stay inside the cell

  • 17

    exoenzyme purpose

    transport outside the cell, breaks down large food molecules, can be harmful chemicals aka toxins, and made by the cell then sent outside the cell

  • 18

    what is ATP

    adenosine triphosphate is the chemical that energy is stored in cells

  • 19

    what is a redox reaction

    an oxidation (lose of electrons) paired with a reduction reaction (gain of electrons)

  • 20

    NAD & FAD are?

    coenzymes that are electron carriers used by cells

  • 21

    what are the three basic metabolic pathways resulting in ATP production

    Aerobic, Anaerobic, and Fermentation

  • 22

    how much ATP is produced in anaerobic

    fewer than 38 but more than 2

  • 23

    how much ATP does aerobic produce

    36 (eukaryotes) and 38 (prokaryotes)

  • 24

    how much ATP does fermentation produce

    2

  • 25

    input of glycolysis

    glucose (sugar) and 2 ATP

  • 26

    output of glycolysis

    ATP & NADH

  • 27

    input for Krebs cycle

    puruvic acid

  • 28

    output of Kreb cycle

    reduced NADH & FADH2 and 2 ATP

  • 29

    input for electron transport chain

    NADH & FADH2

  • 30

    output of electron transport chain

    ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

  • 31

    aerobic respiration

    uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor

  • 32

    anaerobic respiration

    does not use oxygen as a final electron acceptor

  • 33

    examples of anaerobic respiration

    nitrate and sulfate

  • 34

    what are the 2 types of fermentation

    alcohol and lactic acid

  • 35

    what does alcohol fermentation produce

    ethanol and CO2

  • 36

    what does alcohol fermentation give us

    beer,wine, and fuel

  • 37

    what are way of controlling enzymatic activity

    temperature, pH, and inhibitors

  • 38

    what is the effective way to control growth of bacteria

    inhibitors

  • 39

    what does denature mean

    distorts cell shape, prevents substrate from attaching, and can lead to death of the cell

  • 40

    what denatures the enzyme

    temperature and pH

  • 41

    what are the two types of inhibitors

    competitive and non-competitive

  • 42

    competitive inhibitors

    bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate

  • 43

    example of competitive inhibitors

    sulfa drug

  • 44

    non- competitive inhibitors

    bind to another part of and enzyme (regulatory site), causing enzyme to change shape taking away the effectiveness of the active site.

  • 45

    negative feedback

    the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway

  • 46

    what leads to negative feedback

    non competitive inhibitors

  • 47

    where does the glycolysis and the kreb cycle happen for eukaryotes

    mitochondria

  • 48

    where does the electron transport chain happen in eukaryotes

    mitochondria membrane

  • 49

    where does glycolysis kreb cycle happen for prokaryotes

    cytoplasm

  • 50

    where does electron transport chain happen in prokaryotes

    the electron transport chain