PAES

100問 • 1年前

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Areas open for public entry, such as golf courses, public and private parks, playgrounds school yards and paying fields, residential landscapes and industrial park landscapes

Access areas

Volume of water stored in reservoir between the minimum water level and normal water level

Active storage

Rate of evapotranspiration, equal to, or smaller than predicted graph evapotranspiration as affected by the level of available, soil, water, salinity, field size or other causes

Actual crop Evapotranspiration

Rice in maximum flat level from the original unobstructed flood level, which result after an obstruction to the flow, such as dam has been controlled

afflux elevation

Overgrowth of algae in water producing dangerous toxins in fresh or marine water

Algal Bloom

Ratio of the average depth of irrigation, water, infiltrated, and stored in the root zone to the average depth of irrigation water applied

Application efficiency

Geologic formation, which contains water and transmits it at a rate sufficient to be economically developed from pumping artificially developed well

Aquifer

Cross-sectional area of the flow, which is measured perpendicular to the direction of the flow

Area

Field that is level in all directions encompassed by a dike to prevent runoff and provides an undirected flow of water onto the field

Basin

Type of surface irrigation where water is applied to the basin through a gap in the perimeter dike, or adjacent ditch; water is retained until it infiltrates into the soil or excess is drained off

Basin irrigation

Maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and the soil, which should not produce shear failure in the soil

Bearing capacity

Method of irrigation, which makes use of parallel border strips, where the water flows down the slope at the nearly uniform depth

Border irrigation

Area of land bounded by two border ridges, or dikes, that guides the irrigation stream from the inlet point of application to the end of the strip

Border strip

Inclination or elevation, drop per unit length of the channel bottom

Channel bed slope

Groundwater that is confined by relatively impermeable layer

Confined aquifer

Introduction of substances, not found in the natural composition of water that make the water, less desirable or unfit for intended use

Contamination

Ratio between water received at the inlet for a block of fields to that release at the project headwork

Conveyance efficiency

Loss of water from a channel during transport, due to seepage and percolation

Conveyance loss

Depth of water flow where the energy content is at minimum hence no other backwater forces are involved

Critical depth

Ratio of the actual crop evapotranspiration to its potential evapotranspiration

Crop coefficient

Rate of transpiration of a disease-free crop growing in a large field, one or more hectar under optimal soil conditions, including sufficient water and fertilizer, and achieving full production potential of that crop under the given growing environment; includes water loss through, transpiration by the vegetation, and evaporation from the soil, water and wet leaves

crop evapotranspiration

Sequence of different crops, grown in regular order on any particular field or fields

Cropping pattern

Amount of water used in producing crops, which is the sum of a transpiration or consumptive use plus seepage and percolation losses

Crop water requirements

Any barrier constructed to store water

dam

Vertical distance from lowest point of the ground line to the dam crest

dam height

Volume below the intake, structure, sediment, volume based on 25 years of accumulation in the reservoir

Dead storage

Depth of water in the channel cross-section

Depth

Loss of water from a channel during transport, due to seepage and percolation

Conveyance loss

Actual height of the embankment after settlement

Designed height

Maximum area which an irrigation project conserve, considering the extent of arable lands and available water supply

design irrigable area

Numerical value on the uniformity of application for agricultural irrigation systems

Distribution uniformity

Structure or weir provided across the river or creek to raise its water level and divert the water into the main canal to facilitate irrigation by gravity

Diversion dam

The total quantity of water diverted from a stream lake or reservoir, or removed from the ground, in order to irrigate a crop

Diversion water requirement

Trickle irrigation involves dripping water into the soil at very low rates (2 to 20 L per hour) from the emitters where water is applied close to plant so that only part of the soil in which the roots grow is wetted

Drip irrigation

In-line canal structure designed to convey water from a higher level to a lower level, Dissipating the excess energy resulting from the drop in elevation

Drop

Amount of rainwater that falls directly on the field and is used by the crop for growth and development, excluding the percolation surface, runoff and interception

Effective rainfall

Soil depth, from which the bulk of the roots of the crop extracts, most of the water needed for evapotranspiration

Effective rooting depth

Particle diameter corresponding to a 10% seive passing

Effective size

Discharges from known sources, which is passed into a body of water or Land or waste water, flowing out of a manufacturing plant industrial plant, including domestic commercial and recreational facilities

effluent

Any legal restriction or limitation on quantities rates, and or concentrations or any combination there of a physical chemical or biological parameters of effluent which a person or point source is allowed to deliver into a body of water or land

effluent standard

Water conveying can do it or trough, which is supported on abutments by piers

Elevated flume

Spacing between emitters were emission points along a lateral line

emitter spacing

Applicator used in drip subsurface or bubbler irrigation designed to the pressure and And to discharge a small uniform, flow or trickle of water at the constant rate, that does not various significantly because of minor differences in pressure

emitters

Specific energy line or grade line of the water surface profile plus the velocity head in open channels

Energy grade line

Provision for passing of equipment and small machinery

Equipment crossing

Combination of water transpired from vegetation and evaporated from the Soil, water, and plant surfaces

Evapotranspiration

Chanel which conveys irrigation water from the turnout to the paddy field

Farm ditch

Damn component which prevents immigration of small particles and screen of fine materials that flow with seepage water and prevent piping

Filter drain

Height of the embankment to be attained during construction

Finished height

Amount of water to replenish the crop water requirement and losses, less defective rainfall

Farm water requirement

Additional height of the dam provided as a safety factor to prevent overstepping by wave action, or other causes

freeboard

Small parallel channels made the carry water in order to irrigate the crop

furrow irrigation

Supply ditch, small channel along one part of a field that is used for distributing water and surface irrigation

Head ditch

Dam composed of a single kind of embankment materials exclusive for slope protection

Homogenous embankment

Ratio of low area to the wetted top width

Hydraulic depth

Hydraulic gradient profile of the freewater surface

Hydraulic grade line

Occurs when a thin sheet of incoming flow, moving at high velocity strikes water of sufficient depth

Hydraulic jump

Cross-sectional area of low divided by the wetted perimeter

Hydraulic radius

Estimation of the chance, or likelihood of occurrence of a given event, by determining the frequency curves of best fit the samples of hydrologic data

Hydrologic frequency analysis

Slope of the upstream face of the embankment

Inside slope

Inside bottom or sill of the conduit

Invert

Closed conduit designed to convey canal water in full and under pressure running condition to convey canal water by gravity and the roadways relays drainage, channels and local depressions

Inverted siphon

Time required to cover an area with one application of water

irrigation period

Geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock usually carbonate rock, such as limestone or dolomite

Karst topography

Amount of water required in lowland rice production, which includes water, losses, evaporation, seepage, and percolation and land soaking

Land preparation water requirement

Amount of water required in lowland rice production, which is a function of the initial soil moisture, and the physical properties of the soil

Land soaking water requirement

Spacing between irrigation laterals

Lateral spacing

Deep percolation of water beyond the root zone of plants, resulting in loss of salts or nutrients

leaching

Line canal, or canals with impermeable material (usually concrete) for channels stabilization, and or reduce seepage

Lined channel

Allowable, pollutant loading limit per unit of time which the waste water generator is permitted to discharge into an receiving body of water or land

Loading limit

Portion of the pipe network between the mainline and the laterals

Manifold

Measure of the variability of discharge of a random sample of a given make model and size of imitator as provided by a manufacturer, and before any field operation or aging has taken place determined through a discharge test of a sample of 50 m under a set pressure at 200°C

Manufacturer coefficient of variation

Spillway, which is not excavated, such as natural, draw saddle or drainage way

Natural spillway

Constant flow depth along along to the national section of a channel under the uniform flow condition

Normal depth

Maximum elevation of the water surface, which can be attained by the dam or reservoir without flow in the spillway

Normal storage elevation

Water flow that is conveyed in such a matter that top surface is exposed to atmospheres, such as flow in canals dishes, drainage, channels, culverts, and pipes under partially flow conditions

Open channel flow

Drip emitter spacing, which is 80% of the wetted diameter estimated from field test

optimal emitter spacing

Slope at the downstream face of the embankment

Outside slope

Ratio between reference of evapotranspiration and water loss by evaporation from an open water surface of a pan

pan coefficient

Rate of water loss by evaporation from an open water surface of a pan

pan evaporation

Vertical flow of water to below the root zone, which is affected by soil structure, texture, bulk density, mineralogy, organic matter content, salt, type, and concentration

Percolation

Method determine the rate of flow under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of soil under unit hydraulic gradient

Permeability test

Any substance, whether solid liquid, dashes, or radioactive, which, directly or indirectly, alters the quality of any segment of the receiving water, body or land resource, so as to affect or tend to affect adversely any beneficial use of or is hazardous, or potentially hazardous to health or parts, objectional other temperature change or physical chemical, or biological change to any segment of the water, body or land, or is an excess of the allowable limits of concentration, quality standards, specified in contravention of the condition, limitation or restriction prescribed in this Guidelines

Pollutant

Sealed section formed between earth embankments, where combined seepage and percolation will be measured

pond

Area capable of being irrigated principally as regards to availability of water, suitable soils, and topography of land

Potential irrigable area

Rate of evapotranspiration from a reference surface, which is a hypothetical reference crop with an assumed crop height of 0.2 m fixed surface resistance of 70 seconds per meters and an albedo of 0.23

reference crop evapotranspiration

Part of the system that impound the runoff

Reservoir

Moisture left in the soil before the initial irrigation water delivery, which describes the extent of water deflation from the soil when the water supply has been cut off

Residual moisture content

Areas with limited and three such as freeway, landscape highway medians, and other similar areas

Restricted areas

Taking wastewater from one industry or process, treating it, and then using it in another process or industry, such as for irrigation as liquid fertilizer, and for aqua culture

Reuse

Convey canal water under roads or railroads

Road crossing

Tube or shaft vertically set into the Ground at adapt that is usually less than 15 m for the purpose of bringing groundwater into the soil surface which pumps are set above the water level.

Shallow tubewell

Occurrence or frequency of earthquake in origin

seismicity

Water escaping below or out from water convenience, facilities, such as open, the chest, canals, natural channels, or waterway

Seepage

It is also known as phreatic line

seepage line

Line with no filter arrangement where seepage occurs

seepage line

Distance from the perimeter of the irrigation area to the community or area of concern that is sensitive to contamination

Setback distance

Ratio of the horizontal and vertical dimension of the channel wall

Side slope

Slope of the water surface profile plus the velocity head in open channels

Slope of the energy grade line

100

Slope of the freewater surface

Slope of the hydraulic grade line

Materials

ユーザ名非公開 · 100問 · 2年前

Materials