AB PSYCH: LESSON 3

63問 • 1年前

問題一覧

act of identifying and naming a disorder or disease using a system of categorization.

Diagnosis

The process clinicians use to gather the information they need to diagnose, determine causes, plan treatment, and predict future course of a disorder. ▪ The process of classification is based on an accurate assessment of past and present signs and symptoms.

Clinical Assessment

a characteristic feature of a disorder that may be recognized by the clinician, but not the patient

Sign

a characteristic that the patient recognizes

Symptoms

is the process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder, as set forth in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)

Diagnosis

refers to the extent with which clinicians agree on which signs and symptoms signal a specific disorder.

Diagnostic Reliability

The capacity of a diagnostic system to identify and predict behavioral and psychiatric disorders.

Diagnostic Validity

- diagnostic system’s ability to categorize current disorders accurately.

Concurrent Validity

diagnostic system's capacity to predict future conditions

Predictive Validity

are subject to a number of strict requirements, not the least of which is some evidence (research) that they actually do what they are designed to do

Assessment Techniques

is the degree to which a measurement is consistent.

Reliability

is whether something measures what it is designed to measure—in this case, whether a technique assesses what it is supposed to.

Validity

is the process by which a certain set of standards or norms is determined for a technique to make its use consistent across different measurements

Standardization

most clinicians gather at least some information on the patient’s current and past interpersonal and social history, including family makeup (for example, marital status, number of children, or college student currently living with parents. gathers information on current and past

The Clinical interview

involves the systematic observation of an individual’s behavior. This type of observation occurs when any one person interacts with another.

Mental Status Examination

▪ The clinician notes any overt physical behaviors as well as the individual’s dress, general appearance, posture, and facial expression

Appearance and behavior

often assessed in clinical setting, especially when diagnosing conditions like major depressive disorder,bipolar and neurological disorders. It is primarily a symptoms associated with depressive disorders.

Psychomotor Retardation

in which someone thinks people are after him and out to get him all the time

Delusions of persecution

in which an individual thinks she is all-powerful in some way

Delusions of grandeur

which everything everyone else does somehow relates back to the individual

Ideas of reference

are things a person sees or hears when those things really aren’t there

Hallucinations

is the predominant feeling state of the individual

Mood

refers to the feeling state that accompanies what we say at a given point

Affect

refers to our general awareness of our surroundings. If the patient knows who he is and who the clinician is and has a good idea of the time and place, the clinician would say that the patient’s sensorium is “clear” and is “oriented times three” (to person, place, and time)

Sensorium

attempts to measure enduring traits of character, skills, ability, and competence that makes on person different from another

Personality Assessment

ask respondents to impose their own structure and meaning on unstructured, ambiguous test stimuli

Projective Tests

Developed by Hermann Rorschach who called it a “form interpretation test” because it uses inkblots as forms to be interpreted.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

It assumes that behaviors and feelings respondents attribute to the main character in a story represent their own tendencies. Consists of 31 pictures one of which is blank. Goal is to measure apperception, from the root word apperceive: perceive in terms of past perceptions

Thematic Apperception Test

ask respondents to complete sentences beginning with such open-ended phrases

Sentence-Completion Tests

Ask people to draw familiar objects or people

Projective drawings

The theory here is that people project their own personality and unconscious fears onto other people and things—in this case, the ambiguous stimuli—and, without realizing it, reveal their unconscious thoughts to the therapist

Personality Assessment

is the most widely used and researched clinical assessment tool used by mental health professionals to help diagnose mental health disorders

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed in 1937 by clinical psychologist ______ and neuropsychiatrist ________ at the university of Minnesota

Starke R. Hathaway and J. Charnley McKinley

This scale was designed to assess a neurotic concern over bodily functioning. It was originally developed to identify people displaying the symptoms of hypochondria, or a tendency to believe that one has an undiagnosed medical condition.

Scale 1-hypochondriasis

This scale was originally designed to identify depression, characterized by poor morale, lack of hope in the future, and general dissatisfaction with one's own life situation.

Scale 2- Depression

The third scale was originally designed to identify those who display hysteria or physical complaints in stressful situations. Those who are well-educated and of a high social class tend to score higher on this scale. Women also tend to score higher than men on this scale

Scale 3- Hysteria

this scale measures social deviation, lack of acceptance of authority, and amorality (a disregard for morality). This scale can be thought of as a measure of disobedience and antisocial behavior

Scale 4-Psychopathic Deviate

This scale was designed by the original authors to identify what they referred to as "homosexual tendencies," for which it was largely ineffective.

Scale 5- Masculinity-Feminity

This scale was originally developed to identify individuals with paranoid symptoms such as suspiciousness, feelings of persecution, grandiose self-concepts, excessive sensitivity, and rigid attitudes.

Scale 6-Paranoia

This diagnostic label is no longer used today and the symptoms described on this scale are more reflective of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This scale was originally used to measure excessive doubts,compulsions, obsessions, and unreasonable fears

Scale 7-Psychasthenia

It reflects a wide variety of areas including bizarre thought processes and peculiar perceptions, social alienation, poor familial relationships, difficulties in concentration and impulse control, lack of deep interests, disturbing questions of self-worth and self-identity, and sexual difficulties

Scale 8-Schizophrenia

.This scale was developed to identify characteristics of hypomania such as elevated mood, hallucinations, delusions of grandeur, accelerated speech and motor activity, irritability, flight of ideas, and brief periods of depression

Scale 9-Hypomania

This scale was developed later than the other nine scales. It's designed to assess a person’s shyness and tendency to withdraw from social contacts and responsibilities

Scale 10-Social Introversion

The first published intelligence test to provide detailed administration and scoring instructions.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

test score or index derived from the combination of and/or a mathematical transformation of one or more subtest scores

Test Composite

An IQ of 145-160 is categorized as

Very gifted or highly advanced

An IQ of 90-109 was categorized as

Average

Individually administered intelligence tests to assess the intellectual abilities of people from preschool to adulthood. Items may be presented orally. Are all point scales that yield deviation IQs with a mean of 100 (interpreted as average) and a standard deviation of 15

Wechsler Test

administered to obtain a composite score

core subtest

used to provide additional clinical information or extending the number of abilities or processes sampled

Supplemental subtest

is a general reference to any physical or functional impairment that results in sensory, motor, and cognitive, emotional, and/or related deficit

Brain damage

came from the research of German neurologist Kurt Goldstein of brain-injured soldiers he diagnosed as having organic brain syndrome or organicity for short

Organicity

direct observation to assess formally an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in specific situations or contexts.Behavioral assessment may be more appropriate than an interview in terms of assessing individuals

Behavioral assessment

may be defined as a definite indicator of neurological deficit.

Hard Sign

is an indicator merely suggestive of neurological deficit.

Soft Sign

The task in this test is to draw the face of the clock usually with the hands of the clock indicating a particular time. • Observed abnormalities in the patient’s drawing may be reflective of cognitive dysfunction resulting from dementia or other neurological or psychiatric procedures

Clock Drawing Test (CDT)

Naming each stimulus presented. This seemingly simple task entails 3 component operations

Confrontation Naming

perceiving the visual features of the stimulus

Perceptual Component

accessing the underlying conceptual representation or core meaning of whatever is pictured

Semantic Component

accessing and expressing the appropriate name

Lexical Component

ages 16 to 90 years 11 months.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)

for ages 6 through 16 years 11 months.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC V)

for ages 3 years to 7 years 3 months

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence -Third Edition (WPPSI- III)

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問題一覧

act of identifying and naming a disorder or disease using a system of categorization.

Diagnosis

Clinical Assessment

a characteristic feature of a disorder that may be recognized by the clinician, but not the patient

Sign

a characteristic that the patient recognizes

Symptoms

Diagnosis

refers to the extent with which clinicians agree on which signs and symptoms signal a specific disorder.

Diagnostic Reliability

The capacity of a diagnostic system to identify and predict behavioral and psychiatric disorders.

Diagnostic Validity

- diagnostic system’s ability to categorize current disorders accurately.

Concurrent Validity

diagnostic system's capacity to predict future conditions

Predictive Validity

are subject to a number of strict requirements, not the least of which is some evidence (research) that they actually do what they are designed to do

Assessment Techniques

is the degree to which a measurement is consistent.

Reliability

is whether something measures what it is designed to measure—in this case, whether a technique assesses what it is supposed to.

Validity

is the process by which a certain set of standards or norms is determined for a technique to make its use consistent across different measurements

Standardization

The Clinical interview

involves the systematic observation of an individual’s behavior. This type of observation occurs when any one person interacts with another.

Mental Status Examination

▪ The clinician notes any overt physical behaviors as well as the individual’s dress, general appearance, posture, and facial expression

Appearance and behavior

Psychomotor Retardation

in which someone thinks people are after him and out to get him all the time

Delusions of persecution

in which an individual thinks she is all-powerful in some way

Delusions of grandeur

which everything everyone else does somehow relates back to the individual

Ideas of reference

are things a person sees or hears when those things really aren’t there

Hallucinations

is the predominant feeling state of the individual

Mood

refers to the feeling state that accompanies what we say at a given point

Affect

Sensorium

attempts to measure enduring traits of character, skills, ability, and competence that makes on person different from another

Personality Assessment

ask respondents to impose their own structure and meaning on unstructured, ambiguous test stimuli

Projective Tests

Developed by Hermann Rorschach who called it a “form interpretation test” because it uses inkblots as forms to be interpreted.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Thematic Apperception Test

ask respondents to complete sentences beginning with such open-ended phrases

Sentence-Completion Tests

Ask people to draw familiar objects or people

Projective drawings

Personality Assessment

is the most widely used and researched clinical assessment tool used by mental health professionals to help diagnose mental health disorders

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed in 1937 by clinical psychologist ______ and neuropsychiatrist ________ at the university of Minnesota

Starke R. Hathaway and J. Charnley McKinley

Scale 1-hypochondriasis

This scale was originally designed to identify depression, characterized by poor morale, lack of hope in the future, and general dissatisfaction with one's own life situation.

Scale 2- Depression

Scale 3- Hysteria

this scale measures social deviation, lack of acceptance of authority, and amorality (a disregard for morality). This scale can be thought of as a measure of disobedience and antisocial behavior

Scale 4-Psychopathic Deviate

This scale was designed by the original authors to identify what they referred to as "homosexual tendencies," for which it was largely ineffective.

Scale 5- Masculinity-Feminity

Scale 6-Paranoia

Scale 7-Psychasthenia

Scale 8-Schizophrenia

Scale 9-Hypomania

This scale was developed later than the other nine scales. It's designed to assess a person’s shyness and tendency to withdraw from social contacts and responsibilities

Scale 10-Social Introversion

The first published intelligence test to provide detailed administration and scoring instructions.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

test score or index derived from the combination of and/or a mathematical transformation of one or more subtest scores

Test Composite

An IQ of 145-160 is categorized as

Very gifted or highly advanced

An IQ of 90-109 was categorized as

Average

Wechsler Test

administered to obtain a composite score

core subtest

used to provide additional clinical information or extending the number of abilities or processes sampled

Supplemental subtest

is a general reference to any physical or functional impairment that results in sensory, motor, and cognitive, emotional, and/or related deficit

Brain damage

came from the research of German neurologist Kurt Goldstein of brain-injured soldiers he diagnosed as having organic brain syndrome or organicity for short

Organicity

Behavioral assessment

may be defined as a definite indicator of neurological deficit.

Hard Sign

is an indicator merely suggestive of neurological deficit.

Soft Sign

Clock Drawing Test (CDT)

Naming each stimulus presented. This seemingly simple task entails 3 component operations

Confrontation Naming

perceiving the visual features of the stimulus

Perceptual Component

accessing the underlying conceptual representation or core meaning of whatever is pictured

Semantic Component

accessing and expressing the appropriate name

Lexical Component

ages 16 to 90 years 11 months.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)

for ages 6 through 16 years 11 months.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC V)

for ages 3 years to 7 years 3 months

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence -Third Edition (WPPSI- III)