CHAPTER 4 PSYCH ASSESSMENT

49問 • 1年前

Advincula Michelle V.

通報

問題一覧

any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another.

Traits

also distinguish one person from another but are relatively less enduring.

States

an informed, scientific concept developed or constructed to describe or explain behavior

Construct

an observable action or the product of an observable action, including test- or assessment-related responses

Overt Behavior

definition of trait is a reminder that a trait is not expected to be manifested in behavior 100% of the time

Relatively Enduring

What is the first assumption about psychological testing?

Psychological Traits and States Exist

The second assumption, the specific traits and states to be measured and quantified need to be carefully defined

Psychological Traits and States Can Be Quantified and Measured

a sample of behaviors from all possible behaviors that could conceivably be indicative of a particular construct OR a sample of test items from all possible items that could conceivably be used to measure a particular construct

Domain Sampling

model of scoring that holds the assumption that the more the testtaker responds in a particular direction as keyed by the test manual as correct or consistent with a particular trait, the higher that testtaker is presumed to be on the targeted ability or trait

Cumulative Scoring

Third Assumption on psychological Testing

Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test Related Behavior

aid in the understanding of behavior that has already taken place

Postdict

competent test users understand a great deal about the tests they use. This is the Assumption 4

Tests and Other Measurement Techniques Have Strengths and Weaknesses

a long-standing assumption that factors other than what a test attempts to measure will influence performance on the test

Error

the component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait or ability measured

Error Variance

The 7th Assumption?

Testing and Assessment Benefit Society

the precision with which the test measures and the extent to which error is present in measurements

Consistency

a test is considered valid for a particular purpose if it does, in fact, measure what it purports to measure

Validity

a method of evaluation and a way of deriving meaning from test scores by evaluating an individual testtaker’s score and comparing it to scores of a group of testtakers

Norm-referenced testing and assessment

the test performance data of a particular group of testtakers that are designed for use as a reference when evaluating or interpreting individual test scores

Norms

that group of people whose performance on a particular test is analyzed for reference in evaluating the performance of individual testtakers

Normative Sample

the process of deriving norms

Norming

the controversial practice of norming on the basis of race or ethnic background

Race Norming

consist of descriptive statistics based on a group of testtakers in a given period of time rather than norms obtained by formal sampling method

User Norms

the process of administering a test to a representative sample of testtakers for the purpose of establishing norms

Standardization

in the process of developing a test, a test developer has targeted some defined group as the population for which the test is designed

Sampling

a portion of the universe of people deemed to be representative of the whole population

Sample

the process of selecting the portion of the universe deemed to be representative of the whole population

Sampling

such sampling would help prevent sampling bias and ultimately aid in the interpretation of the findings

Stratified Sampling

every member of the population had the same chance of being included in the sample

Random

arbitrarily select some sample we believe to be representative of the population

Purposive Sampling

convenient or available for use

Convenience Sample

the raw data from a test’s standardization sample converted to percentile form

Percentile Norm

an expression of the percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score

Percentile

the distribution of raw scores | the number of items that were answered correctly multiplied by 100 and divided by the total number of items

Percentage Correct

indicate the average performance of different samples of testtakers who were at various ages at the time the test was administered

Age Norms

indicate the average test performance of testtakers in a given school grade

Grade Norms

applied broadly to norms developed on the basis of any trait, ability, skill, or other characteristic that is presumed to develop, deteriorate, or otherwise be affected by chronological age, school grade, or stage of life

Developmental Norms

derived from a normative sample that was nationally representative of the population at the time the norming study was conducted

National Norms

provide stability to test scores by anchoring them to other test scores (hence, anchor

National Anchor Norms

equivalency of scores on different tests is calculated with reference to corresponding percentile scores

Equipercentile Method

the norming process where two tests are normed from the same sample

Co-Norming

a normative sample can be segmented by any of the criteria initially used in selecting subjects for the sample

Subgroup Norms

typically developed by test users | provide normative information with respect to the local population’s performance on some test

Local Norms

the distribution of scores obtained on the test from one group of testtakers — referred to as the fixed reference group — is used as the basis for the calculation of test scores for future administrations of the test

Fixed reference group scoring system

a procedure that permits the conversion of raw scores on the new version of the test into fixed reference group scores

Anchoring

a standard on which a judgment or decision may be based

Criterion

a method of evaluation and a way of deriving meaning from test scores by evaluating an individual’s score with reference to a set standard

Criterion-referenced testing and assessment

focus in the criterion-referenced approach is on how scores relate to a particular content area or domain

Content-referenced testing and assessment

criterion-referenced tests are frequently used to gauge achievement or mastery

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問題一覧

any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another.

Traits

also distinguish one person from another but are relatively less enduring.

States

an informed, scientific concept developed or constructed to describe or explain behavior

Construct

an observable action or the product of an observable action, including test- or assessment-related responses

Overt Behavior

definition of trait is a reminder that a trait is not expected to be manifested in behavior 100% of the time

Relatively Enduring

What is the first assumption about psychological testing?

Psychological Traits and States Exist

The second assumption, the specific traits and states to be measured and quantified need to be carefully defined

Psychological Traits and States Can Be Quantified and Measured

Domain Sampling

Cumulative Scoring

Third Assumption on psychological Testing

Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test Related Behavior

aid in the understanding of behavior that has already taken place

Postdict

competent test users understand a great deal about the tests they use. This is the Assumption 4

Tests and Other Measurement Techniques Have Strengths and Weaknesses

a long-standing assumption that factors other than what a test attempts to measure will influence performance on the test

Error

the component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait or ability measured

Error Variance

The 7th Assumption?

Testing and Assessment Benefit Society

the precision with which the test measures and the extent to which error is present in measurements

Consistency

a test is considered valid for a particular purpose if it does, in fact, measure what it purports to measure

Validity

a method of evaluation and a way of deriving meaning from test scores by evaluating an individual testtaker’s score and comparing it to scores of a group of testtakers

Norm-referenced testing and assessment

the test performance data of a particular group of testtakers that are designed for use as a reference when evaluating or interpreting individual test scores

Norms

that group of people whose performance on a particular test is analyzed for reference in evaluating the performance of individual testtakers

Normative Sample

the process of deriving norms

Norming

the controversial practice of norming on the basis of race or ethnic background

Race Norming

consist of descriptive statistics based on a group of testtakers in a given period of time rather than norms obtained by formal sampling method

User Norms

the process of administering a test to a representative sample of testtakers for the purpose of establishing norms

Standardization

in the process of developing a test, a test developer has targeted some defined group as the population for which the test is designed

Sampling

a portion of the universe of people deemed to be representative of the whole population

Sample

the process of selecting the portion of the universe deemed to be representative of the whole population

Sampling

such sampling would help prevent sampling bias and ultimately aid in the interpretation of the findings

Stratified Sampling

every member of the population had the same chance of being included in the sample

Random

arbitrarily select some sample we believe to be representative of the population

Purposive Sampling

convenient or available for use

Convenience Sample

the raw data from a test’s standardization sample converted to percentile form

Percentile Norm

an expression of the percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score

Percentile

the distribution of raw scores | the number of items that were answered correctly multiplied by 100 and divided by the total number of items

Percentage Correct

indicate the average performance of different samples of testtakers who were at various ages at the time the test was administered

Age Norms

indicate the average test performance of testtakers in a given school grade

Grade Norms

Developmental Norms

derived from a normative sample that was nationally representative of the population at the time the norming study was conducted

National Norms

provide stability to test scores by anchoring them to other test scores (hence, anchor

National Anchor Norms

equivalency of scores on different tests is calculated with reference to corresponding percentile scores

Equipercentile Method

the norming process where two tests are normed from the same sample

Co-Norming

a normative sample can be segmented by any of the criteria initially used in selecting subjects for the sample

Subgroup Norms

typically developed by test users | provide normative information with respect to the local population’s performance on some test

Local Norms

Fixed reference group scoring system

a procedure that permits the conversion of raw scores on the new version of the test into fixed reference group scores

Anchoring

a standard on which a judgment or decision may be based

Criterion

a method of evaluation and a way of deriving meaning from test scores by evaluating an individual’s score with reference to a set standard

Criterion-referenced testing and assessment

focus in the criterion-referenced approach is on how scores relate to a particular content area or domain

Content-referenced testing and assessment

criterion-referenced tests are frequently used to gauge achievement or mastery

Mastery Tests