is a term used in conjunction with the meaningfulness of a test score—what the test score truly means.

is a logical result or deduction.

Characterizations of the validity of tests and test scores are frequently phrased in terms such as “acceptable” or “weak.”

measure of validity based on an evaluation of the subjects, topics, or content covered by the items in the test

measure of validity obtained by evaluating the relationship of scores obtained on the test to scores on other tests or measures

measure of validity that is arrived at by executing a comprehensive analysis of: (umbrella validity every other variety of validity falls under it)

ways of approaching the process of test validity

relates more to what a test appears to measure to the person being tested than to what the test actually measures. Judgment concerning how relevant the test items appear to beusually from testtaker, not test user.

structure of the evaluation; a plan regarding the types of information to be covered by the items, the number of items tapping each area of coverage, the organization of the items in the test,

index of the degree to which a test score is related to some criterion measure obtained at the same time

index of the degree to which a test score predicts some criterion measure

process of gathering and evaluating evidence about validity.

the extent to which a particular trait, behavior, characteristic, or attribute exists in the population (expressed as a proportion).

may be defined as the proportion of people a test accurately identifies as possessing or exhibiting a particular trait, behavior, characteristic, or attribute.

may be defined as the proportion of people the test fails to identify as having, or not having, a particular characteristic or attribute.

is a miss wherein the test predicted that the testtaker did possess the particular characteristic or attribute being measured when in fact the testtaker did not.

is a miss wherein the test predicted that the testtaker did not possess the particular characteristic or attribute being measured when the testtaker actually did.

Is a correlation coefficient that provides a measure of the relationship between test scores and scores on the criterion measure.

The degree to which an additional predictor explains something about the criterion measure that is not explained by predictors already in use

informed, scientific idea developed or hypothesized to describe or explain behavior.

A factor inherent in a test that systematically prevents accurate, impartial measurement.

occurs when the use of a predictor results in consistent underprediction or overprediction of a specific group’s performance or outcomes.

occurs when a Bias predictor has a weaker correlation with an outcome for specific groups.

an error in rating that arises from the tendency on the part of the rater to be lenient in scoring, marking, and/or grading

All other extremes.

the rater, for whatever reason, exhibits a general and systematic reluctance to giving ratings at either the positive or the negative extreme

One way to overcome what might be termed restriction-of-range ________ (central tendency, leniency, severity errors) is to use rankings, a procedure that requires the rater to measure individuals against one another instead of against an absolute scale.

a tendency to give a particular ratee a higher rating than the ratee objectively deserves because of the rater’s failure to discriminate among conceptually distinct and potentially indep

The extent to which a test is used in an impartial, just, and equitable way.