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a diagram used to visually organize information. It is hierarchical and shows relationships among pieces of the whole.

mindmap

is a transitional stage of development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. It represents the period of physical, psychological, and social maturation and typically begins with the onset of puberty, continuing until an individual reaches adulthood

Adolescence

It involves intellectual growth, learning, problem-solving, and the acquisition of knowledge. It encompasses memory, reasoning, language, and other mental processes.

Cognitive Development

This pertains to the growth and maturation of the body. It involves factors like motor skills, physical health, nutrition, exercise, and overall well-being.

Physiological/Physical Development:

The ability to recognize, express, and manage feelings and the ability to have empathy for the feelings of others. It involves the understanding, control and expression of a range of emotions, such as happiness, fear and anger.

Psychological Development

It is the gaining of the knowledge and skills needed to interact with other people and to establish positive and rewarding relationships.

Social Development

It is not limited to religious beliefs but includes a person's connection to their inner self, values, and purpose in life. It involves a search for meaning and a sense of connection to a higher power or the universe.

Spiritual Development:

represents who a person believes themselves to be in the present, considering their physical, emotional, social, and cognitive aspects. The actual self is built on self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others react to you. The actual self is who we are.

Actual Self

Carl Rogers’ Two Concept of Self

Actual and Ideal

how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on what we have learned, observe and experienced.

ideal self

is defined as the way in which an individual responds to and interprets stressors in life.

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

is a term used to describe negative or harmful stress. It is a state of psychological or emotional suffering that occurs when individuals experience overwhelming challenges, difficulties, or adverse situations that exceed their ability to cope effectively.

Distress

was a German-American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his influential work in the field of human development and personality. He is most renowned for his theory of psychosocial development.

Erik Erikson

In this stage, infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency and reliability of care they receive. Extremely inadequate care may result in significant developmental problems.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy):

Toddlers strive to develop independence and self-control but can experience shame and doubt if they face harsh criticism or overcontrol. Self-doubt and dependence characterize the negative outcome for this stage.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory: 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood)

Preschoolers assert their autonomy by taking initiative in play and activities. They can experience guilt if their actions lead to conflict or criticism.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory: 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool):

Children develop a sense of competence through successful learning and social interactions. Failures can lead to feelings of inferiority. Repeated failures lead to feelings of inferiority and an unwillingness to try new tasks.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory: 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (Elementary School)

Adolescents seek to establish a clear sense of self and personal identity. Role confusion may arise if they struggle to define themselves.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory: 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence

Young adults focus on forming intimate relationships. Failure to do so can result in isolation and a sense of loneliness. The unsuccessful outcome is isolation and despair.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory: 6. ): Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood)

Adults in midlife seek to contribute to society and nurture the next generation. Stagnation may occur if they feel unproductive. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory: 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood

In old age, individuals reflect on their lives. A sense of integrity and fulfillment results from a life well-lived, while despair can stem from regrets and missed opportunities. Success at this stages leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.

Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory: 8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)

is a term used to describe a positive form of stress, often referred to as "good stress."

Eustress

is responsible for a wide range of cognitive, motor, emotional, and social functions that are essential for our everyday lives. It plays a central role in our ability to plan, reason, make decisions, and interact with others effectively.

frontal lobe

known as the Father of Adolescent Psychology.

G. Stanley Hall

is the process your body goes through when you are exposed to any kind of stress, positive or negative.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS

is the Father of Stress Research.

Hans Selye

is an approach to understanding the human mind and behavior that focuses on looking at things emphasizes the totality of the person.

holism

is responsible for regulating body temperature, controlling hunger and thirst, managing circadian rhythms, controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, and playing a key role in emotional and stress responses.

hypothalamus

plays a central role in a wide range of cognitive and behavioral functions that are critical for our everyday lives. Damage or dysfunction in this area of the brain can have significant impacts on an individual's personality, decision-making abilities, and social interactions.

Major lobe/part of Cerebrum: Frontal Lobe

It controls "vision" and is primarily responsible for processing visual information and interpreting what we see.

Major lobe/part of Cerebrum: Occipital Lobe:

Controls sensory processing, spatial awareness, and perception of touch, temperature, and pain

Major lobe/part of Cerebrum: Parietal Lobe:

controls functions related to auditory processing, memory, language comprehension, and some aspects of visual perception.

Major lobe/part of Cerebrum: Temporal Lobe

is primarily responsible for planning, executing, and controlling voluntary muscle movements in the body. It plays a key role in motor coordination, fine motor skills, and the initiation of purposeful movements.

motor cortex

is a process of discovering oneself by realizing one’s potentials and capabilities that are shaped over time either by studying in a formal school or through environmental factors.

Personal Development or Self- Development

s a psychological framework that explains how individuals develop and evolve throughout their lives, considering the interplay between psychological and social factors.

Psychosocial development theory

suggests that when people successfully accomplish the developmental tasks at a stage, they feel pride and satisfaction. They also earn the approval of their community or society.

Robert Havighurst’s Developmental Task Theory

suggests each hemisphere of our brain has distinct functions.

Roger Sperry’s Split-Brain Theory

is the capacity to recognize your own feelings, behaviors, and characteristics - to understand your cognitive, physical, and emotional self.

Self-Awareness

also known as self-identity or self-perception, is the way an individual views and understands themselves. It encompasses a person's beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes about who they are, their abilities, attributes, and roles in life. central aspect of a person's self-awareness and self-esteem.

Self concept

is the part of the brain which is responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain from various parts of the body. It helps the brain create a spatial map of the body, allowing us to perceive and respond to physical sensations.

Somatosensory Cortex i

Typically occurring from ages 10 to 13, early adolescence is marked by the onset of puberty. Physical changes, like growth spurts and the development of secondary sexual characteristics, are prominent. Cognitive development includes increased independence and abstract thinking. Socially, there is a focus on peer relationships and identity formation.

Stages of Adolescence: (1) Early Adolescence

spans ages 14 to 17. It's characterized by further physical maturation, emotional and identity development, and an increasing focus on self-expression and autonomy. Education and career planning become more central, and adolescents often face important decisions about their future

Stages of Adolescence: (2) Middle Adolescence:

typically from ages 18 to the early 20s, involves the final stages of physical maturation. It is marked by increased independence from parents or guardians, greater emotional and social maturity, and the pursuit of educational and career goals.

Stages of Adolescence: (3) Late Adolescence

are positive attributes or skills that individuals excel in and can use to their advantage. They can include talents, abilities, knowledge, or character traits that contribute to personal and professional success.

sstrengts

is the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change may refer to the mind and body’s reaction to perceived threats or tension (stimulus) that affects or disturbs the well- being, state of calm, or body’s balance.

stress

extends from it make up the central nervous system.

brain ans spinal cord

complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body.

brain

connects the spinal cord and the brain.

brainstem

controls functions that keep people alive such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and food digestion.

brainstem

controls voluntary movement

cerebellum

translates our will into action.

cerebellum

the largest of the three brain sections, accounts for about 85 percent of the brain's weight.

cerebrum

suggests that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait but a diverse set of distinct intelligences or abilities, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.

Theory of multiple intelligences, proposed by Howard Gardner

This is the initial stage when the body perceives a stressor, and the "fight or flight" response is triggered

Three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome: (1) Alarm Phase/Stage

If the stressor persists, the body enters the resistance stage. During this stage, the body continues to adapt and cope with the ongoing stress. It tries to return to normal functioning while dealing with the stressor. The body remains on high alert, and if the stressor is not resolved, it can lead to health problems.

Three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome: (2) Resistance Phase/Stage:

If the stressor continues for an extended period without resolution, the body's resources become depleted. This is the exhaustion stage, where the body's ability to cope with stress diminishes. It can lead to physical and mental health problems, including chronic illnesses and burnout.

Three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome: (3) Exhaustion Phase/Stage

are stressors from outside sources that causes pain or discomfort, frustrations, or conflict.

Two sources of Stress: External Stress

are self-generated stress.

Two sources of Stress: Internal Stress

are areas where individuals may struggle or have limitations. Weaknesses can be skill deficiencies, challenges, or personal traits that can hinder one's performance or growth in certain areas.

weakness

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