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Myeloid Tissue

Myeloid Tissue
76問 • 1年前
  • Miguel Inigo Garcia
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Located in the shafts of long bones of adults

    Yellow marrow

  • 2

    Highly infiltrated with adipocytes

    Yellow marrow

  • 3

    Not hematopoietic, but has potential to become one if necessary

    Yellow marrow

  • 4

    Found in flat bones and in proximal ends of long bones

    Red marrow

  • 5

    Highly cellular and actively involved in hematopoiesis

    Red marrow

  • 6

    Erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid progenitors

    Hematopoietic cells

  • 7

    Blood precursors at various stages of development

    Hematopoietic cells

  • 8

    Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, and reticular cells

    Stromal cells

  • 9

    Support and regulate hematopoiesis

    Stromal cells

  • 10

    Provides structural support and regulates cell-cell interactions

    Extracellular matrix

  • 11

    Collagen, laminin, and fibronectin

    Extracellular matrix

  • 12

    Substances orchestrating the production of blood cells

    Growth factors and cytokines

  • 13

    Promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival

    Growth factors and cytokines

  • 14

    Erythropoietin (EPO), Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), Thrombopoietin (TPO)

    Growth factors and cytokines

  • 15

    Red bone marrow is 100% hematopoietic and present in virtually every bone

    Children

  • 16

    Red BM is 50% hemaotpoietic and 50% adipocyte and present in sternum, ribs, pelvis, and skull

    Adults

  • 17

    Hematopoietic cell is reduced to 30%

    70+ y/o

  • 18

    Choose which of these correctly describes Hematopoiesis

    Hematopoietic Stem Cells -> Progenitor Cells -> Precursor Cells

  • 19

    Proerythroblast to RBC

    Erythropoiesis

  • 20

    Megakaryoblast to platelet

    Thrombopoiesis

  • 21

    Myeloblast to neutrophil

    Granulopoiesis

  • 22

    Monoblast to monocyte

    Monocytopoiesis

  • 23

    Hematopoietic Stem Cells are capable of self-renewal and are multipotent

    True

  • 24

    Gives rise to erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets

    Common Myelocyte Progenitor

  • 25

    Gives rise to B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells

    Common Lymphocyte Progenitor

  • 26

    Hematopoietic Stem Cell -> Common Myeloid Progenitor -> Megakaryocyte-erythrocyte Progenitor

    Erythropoiesis and thrombopiesis

  • 27

    Regulated by Erythropoietin (EPO)

    Erythropoiesis

  • 28

    How do we distinguish erythropoietic cells?

    No visible granules and a round nucleus

  • 29

    We determine the stages of development of erythropoietic cells based on:

    Cell size, condensation of nucleus, cytoplasm colour

  • 30

    Cells progressively become smaller and progress from basophilic to eosinophilic

    Erythropoiesis

  • 31

    Nucleus condenses and disappears

    Erythropoiesis

  • 32

    First committed erythroid progenitor A large, nucleated cell with abundant cytoplasm Undergoes mitotic divisions to produce more erythroid progenitors Basophilic cytoplasm

    Proerythroblast

  • 33

    Intensely basophilic because of ribosomes Synthesizes hemoglobin Nucleus starting to condense Continues to undergo mitotic divisions

    Basophilic erythroblast

  • 34

    A mix of red and blue staining, showing both hemoglobin and ribosomes Nucleus becomes smaller Begins to expel organelles

    Polychromatic erythroblast

  • 35

    Condensed pyknotic nucleus Last stage with nucleus Primarily stains red due to abundant hemoglobin Continues to expel organelles

    Orthochromatic erythroblast

  • 36

    Reticulocyte Enucleated, ready to enter the bloodstream Residual ribosomes and organelles Number is good inidicator of BM activity

    Polychromatic erythrocyte

  • 37

    Final stage Biconcave shape Adundant hemoglobin Circulates in the bloodstream (about 120 days before being destroyed in the spleen)

    Erythrocyte

  • 38

    Which of these correctly describes the process of Erythropoiesis

    Proerythroblast -> Basophilic erythroblast -> Polychromatic erythroblast -> Orthochromatic erythroblast -> Reticulocyte -> Mature erythrocyte

  • 39

    Erythropoietin is produced by the _______, in response to low O2 levels

    Kidneys

  • 40

    Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis by promoting proliferation and differentiation of _______

    Erythroid progenitor cells

  • 41

    Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis by ________ hemoglobin synthesis

    Increasing

  • 42

    Iron availability, Vitamin B12, and folic acid all affect erythropoieses

    True

  • 43

    Testosterone, Cortisol, and thyroid hormones do not affect erythropoiesis

    False

  • 44

    Process of platelet formation

    Thrombopoiesis

  • 45

    A large, nucleated cell with abundant cytoplasm Contains granules and organelles that will eventually become platelets

    Megakaryoblast

  • 46

    Continues increase in size Undergoes endomitosis (resulting in polyploid chromosomes) Cytoplasm becomes filled with granules and organelles

    Promegakaryocyte

  • 47

    Very large, multinucleated ell with a polyploid nucleus Cytoplasm contains numerous granules and organelles Extends cytoplasmic processes (pseudopodia) into the bone marrow sinusoids

    Megakaryocyte

  • 48

    Platelets Formed from megakaryocytes pseudopod fragmentation Small, disk-shaped anucleated cells Plays a crucial role in blood clotting

    Thrombocytes

  • 49

    Which of these is the primary regulator of thrombopoiesis?

    Thrombopoietin (TPO)

  • 50

    Thrombopoietin is produced by the _______

    Liver

  • 51

    What kind of feedback loop does Thrombopoietin have? (hint: increased platelet count leads to decreased TPO production)

    Negative feedback loop

  • 52

    Other factors affecting Thrombopoiesis are: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Interleukin-3 (IL-3) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

    False

  • 53

    Process of neutrophil formation

    Granulopoiesis

  • 54

    Hematopoietic stem cell -> common myeloid progenitor -> granulocyte-monocyte progenitor

    Granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis

  • 55

    Development is characterized by a change in the nucleus shape

    Granulopoiesis

  • 56

    Appearance of granules (primary followed by specific secondary)

    Granulopoiesis

  • 57

    First committed granulocyte progenitor Large, nucleated cell with an abundant cytoplasm Mitotic divisions to produce more granulocyte progenitors

    Myeloblast

  • 58

    contains primary granules (azurophilic granules) Granules containing lysosomal enzymes and proteins involved in phagocytsosis Undergoes mitotic divisions

    Promyelocyte

  • 59

    Contains secondary granules (specific granules) Secondary granules determines granulocyte subtype (neutrophil, eosinophil, or basophil) Nucleus becomes indented

    Myelocyte

  • 60

    Nucleus becomes more indented, resembling a horseshoe shape Cytoplasm becomes more abundant replete with secondary granules

    Metayelocyte

  • 61

    Nucleus becomes fully horseshoe shaped Cytoplasm contains numerous granules (secondary) Ready to enter bloodstream

    Band neutrophil

  • 62

    Fully developed nneutrophil with multilobed nucleus Contains abundant granules for phagocytosis Circulates bloodstream for a few days before entering tissues to fight infections

    Segmented neutrophil

  • 63

    Thrombopoietin regulates both thrombopoiesis and granulopoiesis

    True

  • 64

    Thrombopoietin stimulates ______ production and maturation

    Megakaryocyte

  • 65

    Thrombopoiesis and Granulopoiesis are both affected by the following factors: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

    True

  • 66

    The following are regulators that stimulate the growth and differentiation of granulocytes, except:

    Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)

  • 67

    Granulopoiesis regulators are groups of proteins produced by various cells, such as:

    Macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells

  • 68

    Process of monocyte formation

    Monocytopoiesis

  • 69

    First committed monocyte porgenitor

    Monoblast

  • 70

    A larger cell witha more indented nucleus

    Promonocyte

  • 71

    Fully developed monocyte with a kidney-shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm

    Mature monocyte

  • 72

    Upon entering tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages

    True

  • 73

    Macrophages are smaller and less phagocytic than monocytes

    False

  • 74

    Monocytopoiesis is regulated by: Colony-stimulating factors Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) Interleukins 3, 4, 5, and 6

    False

  • 75

    Deficiency in red blood cells, leading to fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath

    Anemia

  • 76

    Malignant [roliferation of white blood cells, affecting their function and leading to various symptoms

    Leukemia

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Located in the shafts of long bones of adults

    Yellow marrow

  • 2

    Highly infiltrated with adipocytes

    Yellow marrow

  • 3

    Not hematopoietic, but has potential to become one if necessary

    Yellow marrow

  • 4

    Found in flat bones and in proximal ends of long bones

    Red marrow

  • 5

    Highly cellular and actively involved in hematopoiesis

    Red marrow

  • 6

    Erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid progenitors

    Hematopoietic cells

  • 7

    Blood precursors at various stages of development

    Hematopoietic cells

  • 8

    Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, and reticular cells

    Stromal cells

  • 9

    Support and regulate hematopoiesis

    Stromal cells

  • 10

    Provides structural support and regulates cell-cell interactions

    Extracellular matrix

  • 11

    Collagen, laminin, and fibronectin

    Extracellular matrix

  • 12

    Substances orchestrating the production of blood cells

    Growth factors and cytokines

  • 13

    Promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival

    Growth factors and cytokines

  • 14

    Erythropoietin (EPO), Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), Thrombopoietin (TPO)

    Growth factors and cytokines

  • 15

    Red bone marrow is 100% hematopoietic and present in virtually every bone

    Children

  • 16

    Red BM is 50% hemaotpoietic and 50% adipocyte and present in sternum, ribs, pelvis, and skull

    Adults

  • 17

    Hematopoietic cell is reduced to 30%

    70+ y/o

  • 18

    Choose which of these correctly describes Hematopoiesis

    Hematopoietic Stem Cells -> Progenitor Cells -> Precursor Cells

  • 19

    Proerythroblast to RBC

    Erythropoiesis

  • 20

    Megakaryoblast to platelet

    Thrombopoiesis

  • 21

    Myeloblast to neutrophil

    Granulopoiesis

  • 22

    Monoblast to monocyte

    Monocytopoiesis

  • 23

    Hematopoietic Stem Cells are capable of self-renewal and are multipotent

    True

  • 24

    Gives rise to erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets

    Common Myelocyte Progenitor

  • 25

    Gives rise to B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells

    Common Lymphocyte Progenitor

  • 26

    Hematopoietic Stem Cell -> Common Myeloid Progenitor -> Megakaryocyte-erythrocyte Progenitor

    Erythropoiesis and thrombopiesis

  • 27

    Regulated by Erythropoietin (EPO)

    Erythropoiesis

  • 28

    How do we distinguish erythropoietic cells?

    No visible granules and a round nucleus

  • 29

    We determine the stages of development of erythropoietic cells based on:

    Cell size, condensation of nucleus, cytoplasm colour

  • 30

    Cells progressively become smaller and progress from basophilic to eosinophilic

    Erythropoiesis

  • 31

    Nucleus condenses and disappears

    Erythropoiesis

  • 32

    First committed erythroid progenitor A large, nucleated cell with abundant cytoplasm Undergoes mitotic divisions to produce more erythroid progenitors Basophilic cytoplasm

    Proerythroblast

  • 33

    Intensely basophilic because of ribosomes Synthesizes hemoglobin Nucleus starting to condense Continues to undergo mitotic divisions

    Basophilic erythroblast

  • 34

    A mix of red and blue staining, showing both hemoglobin and ribosomes Nucleus becomes smaller Begins to expel organelles

    Polychromatic erythroblast

  • 35

    Condensed pyknotic nucleus Last stage with nucleus Primarily stains red due to abundant hemoglobin Continues to expel organelles

    Orthochromatic erythroblast

  • 36

    Reticulocyte Enucleated, ready to enter the bloodstream Residual ribosomes and organelles Number is good inidicator of BM activity

    Polychromatic erythrocyte

  • 37

    Final stage Biconcave shape Adundant hemoglobin Circulates in the bloodstream (about 120 days before being destroyed in the spleen)

    Erythrocyte

  • 38

    Which of these correctly describes the process of Erythropoiesis

    Proerythroblast -> Basophilic erythroblast -> Polychromatic erythroblast -> Orthochromatic erythroblast -> Reticulocyte -> Mature erythrocyte

  • 39

    Erythropoietin is produced by the _______, in response to low O2 levels

    Kidneys

  • 40

    Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis by promoting proliferation and differentiation of _______

    Erythroid progenitor cells

  • 41

    Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis by ________ hemoglobin synthesis

    Increasing

  • 42

    Iron availability, Vitamin B12, and folic acid all affect erythropoieses

    True

  • 43

    Testosterone, Cortisol, and thyroid hormones do not affect erythropoiesis

    False

  • 44

    Process of platelet formation

    Thrombopoiesis

  • 45

    A large, nucleated cell with abundant cytoplasm Contains granules and organelles that will eventually become platelets

    Megakaryoblast

  • 46

    Continues increase in size Undergoes endomitosis (resulting in polyploid chromosomes) Cytoplasm becomes filled with granules and organelles

    Promegakaryocyte

  • 47

    Very large, multinucleated ell with a polyploid nucleus Cytoplasm contains numerous granules and organelles Extends cytoplasmic processes (pseudopodia) into the bone marrow sinusoids

    Megakaryocyte

  • 48

    Platelets Formed from megakaryocytes pseudopod fragmentation Small, disk-shaped anucleated cells Plays a crucial role in blood clotting

    Thrombocytes

  • 49

    Which of these is the primary regulator of thrombopoiesis?

    Thrombopoietin (TPO)

  • 50

    Thrombopoietin is produced by the _______

    Liver

  • 51

    What kind of feedback loop does Thrombopoietin have? (hint: increased platelet count leads to decreased TPO production)

    Negative feedback loop

  • 52

    Other factors affecting Thrombopoiesis are: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Interleukin-3 (IL-3) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

    False

  • 53

    Process of neutrophil formation

    Granulopoiesis

  • 54

    Hematopoietic stem cell -> common myeloid progenitor -> granulocyte-monocyte progenitor

    Granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis

  • 55

    Development is characterized by a change in the nucleus shape

    Granulopoiesis

  • 56

    Appearance of granules (primary followed by specific secondary)

    Granulopoiesis

  • 57

    First committed granulocyte progenitor Large, nucleated cell with an abundant cytoplasm Mitotic divisions to produce more granulocyte progenitors

    Myeloblast

  • 58

    contains primary granules (azurophilic granules) Granules containing lysosomal enzymes and proteins involved in phagocytsosis Undergoes mitotic divisions

    Promyelocyte

  • 59

    Contains secondary granules (specific granules) Secondary granules determines granulocyte subtype (neutrophil, eosinophil, or basophil) Nucleus becomes indented

    Myelocyte

  • 60

    Nucleus becomes more indented, resembling a horseshoe shape Cytoplasm becomes more abundant replete with secondary granules

    Metayelocyte

  • 61

    Nucleus becomes fully horseshoe shaped Cytoplasm contains numerous granules (secondary) Ready to enter bloodstream

    Band neutrophil

  • 62

    Fully developed nneutrophil with multilobed nucleus Contains abundant granules for phagocytosis Circulates bloodstream for a few days before entering tissues to fight infections

    Segmented neutrophil

  • 63

    Thrombopoietin regulates both thrombopoiesis and granulopoiesis

    True

  • 64

    Thrombopoietin stimulates ______ production and maturation

    Megakaryocyte

  • 65

    Thrombopoiesis and Granulopoiesis are both affected by the following factors: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

    True

  • 66

    The following are regulators that stimulate the growth and differentiation of granulocytes, except:

    Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)

  • 67

    Granulopoiesis regulators are groups of proteins produced by various cells, such as:

    Macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells

  • 68

    Process of monocyte formation

    Monocytopoiesis

  • 69

    First committed monocyte porgenitor

    Monoblast

  • 70

    A larger cell witha more indented nucleus

    Promonocyte

  • 71

    Fully developed monocyte with a kidney-shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm

    Mature monocyte

  • 72

    Upon entering tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages

    True

  • 73

    Macrophages are smaller and less phagocytic than monocytes

    False

  • 74

    Monocytopoiesis is regulated by: Colony-stimulating factors Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) Interleukins 3, 4, 5, and 6

    False

  • 75

    Deficiency in red blood cells, leading to fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath

    Anemia

  • 76

    Malignant [roliferation of white blood cells, affecting their function and leading to various symptoms

    Leukemia