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Development of Cardiovascular System

Development of Cardiovascular System
84問 • 1年前
  • Miguel Inigo Garcia
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    At which point of embryonic development do the heart and vascular system appear in?

    Middle of the 3rd week

  • 2

    When does the heart start to function?

    Beginning of 4th week

  • 3

    Embryonic heartbeat can be detected during the:

    5th week

  • 4

    The cardiovascular systme is the first major system to function in the embryo

    True

  • 5

    The earliest sign (appearance of ANGIOBLASTIC CORDS) appears during:

    3rd week

  • 6

    Earliest sign for the development of the heart is the appearance of:

    Paired endothelial strands

  • 7

    The 2 angioblastic cords canalize to form:

    2 endothelial heart tubes

  • 8

    Fuses to become the tubular heart

    Endothelial heart tubes

  • 9

    Tubular heart begins to beat at:

    22 to 23 days

  • 10

    Blood flow begins during the

    4th week

  • 11

    Develops from aggregation of splanchnic mesodermal cells in the cardiogenic area

    Angioblastic cords

  • 12

    Ventral to pericardial coelom and dorsal to yolk sac

    Angioblastic cords

  • 13

    External layer of embryonic heart that is formed as the heart tubes fuse

    Primordial myocardium

  • 14

    Connective tissue that separates the thin endothelial tube of the developing heart from the primordial myocardium

    Cardiac jelly

  • 15

    The tubular heart is anchored at its _____ and _____ ends

    Cranial and caudal

  • 16

    The tubular heart bends:

    Ventrally to the right

  • 17

    Atrim and sinus venosus lie _____ to the truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, and ventricle

    Dorsal

  • 18

    What happens to the cephalic portion of the heart tube on day 23?

    Bends ventrally, caudally, and to the right

  • 19

    What happens to the artial (caudal) portion of the tubular heart on day 23?

    Shifts dorsocranially and to the left

  • 20

    The cardiac loop is created via _____, and is completed on day _____:

    Bending; 28

  • 21

    Cardiac looping occurs as a result of:

    Bending and rotation to the right

  • 22

    Moves cranially and posteriorly during cardiac looping

    Sinus venosus and primitive atrium

  • 23

    Assumes a caudal position during cardiac looping

    Primitive ventricle and bulbus cordis

  • 24

    The primitive atrium forms the:

    Left atrium

  • 25

    The sinus venosus forms the:

    Right atrium

  • 26

    The left horn becomes the:

    Coronary sinus

  • 27

    The primitive ventricle forms the:

    Left ventricle

  • 28

    The bulbus cordis forms the:

    Right ventricle

  • 29

    The truncus arteriosus becomes partitioned to form the:

    Root of the aorta and pulmonary trunk

  • 30

    The four chambers of the tubular heart begin to develop from a series of septa around the:

    Middle of the 4th week

  • 31

    The development of the four chambers of the heart is completed during the:

    End of the 5th week

  • 32

    Is a formation on the dorsal and ventral walls of the atiroventricular canals:

    Endocardial cushions

  • 33

    Its subesequent growth and fusion divides the common AV opening into the right tricuspid and left mitral AV canals

    Endocardial cushions

  • 34

    Thin crescent shaped membrane that grows toward the fusing endocardial cushions

    Septum primum

  • 35

    Partially divides the common atrium into left and right parts

    Septum primum

  • 36

    A large opening that forms between its free edge and endocardial cushions

    Ostium primum

  • 37

    Crescentic muscular membrane that grows from the ventrocranial wall of the atrium

    Septum secundum

  • 38

    Immediately to the right of septum primum

    Septum secundum

  • 39

    Forms an incomplete partition between the atria

    Foramen ovale

  • 40

    before birth, foramen ovale allows oxygenated blood entering the right atrium to pass into the left atrium

    True

  • 41

    After birth, the foramen ovale closes and the valve fuses with septum primum

    True

  • 42

    The primordial interventricular septum arises as a result of:

    Formation of a median muscular ridge

  • 43

    The crescent shaped interventricular foramen usually closes by the:

    End of the 7th week

  • 44

    Membranous interventricular septum forms froms _____ and _____:

    Endocardial cushions; bulbar ridges

  • 45

    Associated with the closure of the membranous interventricular septum:

    Partitioning of truncus arteriosus

  • 46

    Positional abnormality of the heart

    Dextrocardia

  • 47

    Heart tube bends to the LEFT instead of the RIGHT; the heart is displaced to the right

    Dextrocardia

  • 48

    Heart is in ABNORMAL LOCATION

    Ectopic cordis

  • 49

    Faulty development of sternum and pericardium because of failure of complete fusion of thoracic wall

    Ectopic cordis

  • 50

    Most common form is PATENT FORAMEN OVALE

    Atrial septal defect (ASD)

  • 51

    Blood is shunted through the Foramen Ovale into the left atrium and produces CYANOSIS

    Atrial septal defect (ASD)

  • 52

    Most common type of congenital heart defect; 25% more common in males than females

    Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

  • 53

    Incomplete closure of the IV foramen results from FAILURE OF THE MEMBRANOUS PART OF THE IVE SEPTUM TO DEVELOP

    Membranous VSD

  • 54

    Less common type; may appear anywhere in the muscular part of the IV septum

    Muscular VSD

  • 55

    Results from failure of the truncal ridges and aorticopulmonary septum to develop normally (to divide the truncus arteriosus into aorta and pulmonary trunk)

    Truncus arteriosus

  • 56

    VSD is always present and this defect overrides the VSD

    Truncus arteriosus

  • 57

    Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease

    Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

  • 58

    Aorta Lies anterior to the right of the pulmonary trunk Arises anteriorly from the morphological right ventricle Pulmonary trunk Arises from the morphological left ventircle Is also associated with ASD and VSD

    Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

  • 59

    4 cardiac defects: Pulmonary stenosis VSD DExtroposition of Aorta/ overriding Aorta right ventricular hypertrophy

    Tetralogy of fallot (TOF)

  • 60

    Children with bluish skin during crying or feeding, and shoe shaped heart

    Tetralogy of fallot (TOF)

  • 61

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, there is unequal division of the ______ by the ______:

    Truncus arteriosus; aorticopulmonary septum

  • 62

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary outlfow tract is:

    Narrowed

  • 63

    In Tetralogyof Fallot, deviation of the septum towards the pulmonary trunk produces an aorta with ____ diameter:

    Large

  • 64

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, the septum no longer aligns with the interventricular septum, causing:

    VSD

  • 65

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, the aorta overrides the interventricular septum

    True

  • 66

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary stenosis ______ the pressure on the ______

    Increases; right ventricle

  • 67

    During pulmonary stenosis in Tetraology of Fallot, compensation occurs by undergoing ______

    Hypertrophy

  • 68

    As the pharyngeal arches develop, they are supplied by the aortic arches from the _____ during the ______:

    Aortic sac; 4th week

  • 69

    Degenerates, except for the maxillary arteries

    1st pair

  • 70

    Contributes to the formation of the EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES

    1st pair

  • 71

    Degenerates, except for STAPEDIAL ARTERIES

    2nd pair

  • 72

    PROXIMAL parts will form the COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES

    3rd pair

  • 73

    DISTAL parts will form the INTERAL CAROTID ARTERIES

    3rd pair

  • 74

    LEFT part forms part of the ARCH OF AORTA

    4th pair

  • 75

    RIGHT part forms the proximal part of the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

    4th pair

  • 76

    Rudimentary vessels that soon degenerate

    5th pair

  • 77

    No vascular derivatives

    5th pair

  • 78

    In the 6th aortic arch: The LEFT PROXIMAL part -> ______ The LEFT DISTAL part -> ______

    Left pulmonary artery; ductus arteriosus

  • 79

    In the 6th aortic arch: The RIGHT PROXIMAL part -> ______ The RIGHT DISTAL part -> ______

    Right pulmonary artery; degenerates

  • 80

    Constriction of varying length of the aorta Occurs twice as often in males than females

    Coarctation of the aort

  • 81

    Constriction is just DISTAL to the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS Most common form ADULT form of coarctation

    Postductal coarctation

  • 82

    Constriction is PROXIMAL to the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS Prognosis is poor INFANTILE form of coarctation

    Preductal coarctation

  • 83

    Blood pressure is reduced in the lower limbs and elevated in the head, neck, and upper limbs

    Coarctation of the aorta

  • 84

    Characterized by a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus

    Double aortic arch

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    At which point of embryonic development do the heart and vascular system appear in?

    Middle of the 3rd week

  • 2

    When does the heart start to function?

    Beginning of 4th week

  • 3

    Embryonic heartbeat can be detected during the:

    5th week

  • 4

    The cardiovascular systme is the first major system to function in the embryo

    True

  • 5

    The earliest sign (appearance of ANGIOBLASTIC CORDS) appears during:

    3rd week

  • 6

    Earliest sign for the development of the heart is the appearance of:

    Paired endothelial strands

  • 7

    The 2 angioblastic cords canalize to form:

    2 endothelial heart tubes

  • 8

    Fuses to become the tubular heart

    Endothelial heart tubes

  • 9

    Tubular heart begins to beat at:

    22 to 23 days

  • 10

    Blood flow begins during the

    4th week

  • 11

    Develops from aggregation of splanchnic mesodermal cells in the cardiogenic area

    Angioblastic cords

  • 12

    Ventral to pericardial coelom and dorsal to yolk sac

    Angioblastic cords

  • 13

    External layer of embryonic heart that is formed as the heart tubes fuse

    Primordial myocardium

  • 14

    Connective tissue that separates the thin endothelial tube of the developing heart from the primordial myocardium

    Cardiac jelly

  • 15

    The tubular heart is anchored at its _____ and _____ ends

    Cranial and caudal

  • 16

    The tubular heart bends:

    Ventrally to the right

  • 17

    Atrim and sinus venosus lie _____ to the truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, and ventricle

    Dorsal

  • 18

    What happens to the cephalic portion of the heart tube on day 23?

    Bends ventrally, caudally, and to the right

  • 19

    What happens to the artial (caudal) portion of the tubular heart on day 23?

    Shifts dorsocranially and to the left

  • 20

    The cardiac loop is created via _____, and is completed on day _____:

    Bending; 28

  • 21

    Cardiac looping occurs as a result of:

    Bending and rotation to the right

  • 22

    Moves cranially and posteriorly during cardiac looping

    Sinus venosus and primitive atrium

  • 23

    Assumes a caudal position during cardiac looping

    Primitive ventricle and bulbus cordis

  • 24

    The primitive atrium forms the:

    Left atrium

  • 25

    The sinus venosus forms the:

    Right atrium

  • 26

    The left horn becomes the:

    Coronary sinus

  • 27

    The primitive ventricle forms the:

    Left ventricle

  • 28

    The bulbus cordis forms the:

    Right ventricle

  • 29

    The truncus arteriosus becomes partitioned to form the:

    Root of the aorta and pulmonary trunk

  • 30

    The four chambers of the tubular heart begin to develop from a series of septa around the:

    Middle of the 4th week

  • 31

    The development of the four chambers of the heart is completed during the:

    End of the 5th week

  • 32

    Is a formation on the dorsal and ventral walls of the atiroventricular canals:

    Endocardial cushions

  • 33

    Its subesequent growth and fusion divides the common AV opening into the right tricuspid and left mitral AV canals

    Endocardial cushions

  • 34

    Thin crescent shaped membrane that grows toward the fusing endocardial cushions

    Septum primum

  • 35

    Partially divides the common atrium into left and right parts

    Septum primum

  • 36

    A large opening that forms between its free edge and endocardial cushions

    Ostium primum

  • 37

    Crescentic muscular membrane that grows from the ventrocranial wall of the atrium

    Septum secundum

  • 38

    Immediately to the right of septum primum

    Septum secundum

  • 39

    Forms an incomplete partition between the atria

    Foramen ovale

  • 40

    before birth, foramen ovale allows oxygenated blood entering the right atrium to pass into the left atrium

    True

  • 41

    After birth, the foramen ovale closes and the valve fuses with septum primum

    True

  • 42

    The primordial interventricular septum arises as a result of:

    Formation of a median muscular ridge

  • 43

    The crescent shaped interventricular foramen usually closes by the:

    End of the 7th week

  • 44

    Membranous interventricular septum forms froms _____ and _____:

    Endocardial cushions; bulbar ridges

  • 45

    Associated with the closure of the membranous interventricular septum:

    Partitioning of truncus arteriosus

  • 46

    Positional abnormality of the heart

    Dextrocardia

  • 47

    Heart tube bends to the LEFT instead of the RIGHT; the heart is displaced to the right

    Dextrocardia

  • 48

    Heart is in ABNORMAL LOCATION

    Ectopic cordis

  • 49

    Faulty development of sternum and pericardium because of failure of complete fusion of thoracic wall

    Ectopic cordis

  • 50

    Most common form is PATENT FORAMEN OVALE

    Atrial septal defect (ASD)

  • 51

    Blood is shunted through the Foramen Ovale into the left atrium and produces CYANOSIS

    Atrial septal defect (ASD)

  • 52

    Most common type of congenital heart defect; 25% more common in males than females

    Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

  • 53

    Incomplete closure of the IV foramen results from FAILURE OF THE MEMBRANOUS PART OF THE IVE SEPTUM TO DEVELOP

    Membranous VSD

  • 54

    Less common type; may appear anywhere in the muscular part of the IV septum

    Muscular VSD

  • 55

    Results from failure of the truncal ridges and aorticopulmonary septum to develop normally (to divide the truncus arteriosus into aorta and pulmonary trunk)

    Truncus arteriosus

  • 56

    VSD is always present and this defect overrides the VSD

    Truncus arteriosus

  • 57

    Most common cause of cyanotic heart disease

    Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

  • 58

    Aorta Lies anterior to the right of the pulmonary trunk Arises anteriorly from the morphological right ventricle Pulmonary trunk Arises from the morphological left ventircle Is also associated with ASD and VSD

    Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

  • 59

    4 cardiac defects: Pulmonary stenosis VSD DExtroposition of Aorta/ overriding Aorta right ventricular hypertrophy

    Tetralogy of fallot (TOF)

  • 60

    Children with bluish skin during crying or feeding, and shoe shaped heart

    Tetralogy of fallot (TOF)

  • 61

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, there is unequal division of the ______ by the ______:

    Truncus arteriosus; aorticopulmonary septum

  • 62

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary outlfow tract is:

    Narrowed

  • 63

    In Tetralogyof Fallot, deviation of the septum towards the pulmonary trunk produces an aorta with ____ diameter:

    Large

  • 64

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, the septum no longer aligns with the interventricular septum, causing:

    VSD

  • 65

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, the aorta overrides the interventricular septum

    True

  • 66

    In Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary stenosis ______ the pressure on the ______

    Increases; right ventricle

  • 67

    During pulmonary stenosis in Tetraology of Fallot, compensation occurs by undergoing ______

    Hypertrophy

  • 68

    As the pharyngeal arches develop, they are supplied by the aortic arches from the _____ during the ______:

    Aortic sac; 4th week

  • 69

    Degenerates, except for the maxillary arteries

    1st pair

  • 70

    Contributes to the formation of the EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES

    1st pair

  • 71

    Degenerates, except for STAPEDIAL ARTERIES

    2nd pair

  • 72

    PROXIMAL parts will form the COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES

    3rd pair

  • 73

    DISTAL parts will form the INTERAL CAROTID ARTERIES

    3rd pair

  • 74

    LEFT part forms part of the ARCH OF AORTA

    4th pair

  • 75

    RIGHT part forms the proximal part of the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

    4th pair

  • 76

    Rudimentary vessels that soon degenerate

    5th pair

  • 77

    No vascular derivatives

    5th pair

  • 78

    In the 6th aortic arch: The LEFT PROXIMAL part -> ______ The LEFT DISTAL part -> ______

    Left pulmonary artery; ductus arteriosus

  • 79

    In the 6th aortic arch: The RIGHT PROXIMAL part -> ______ The RIGHT DISTAL part -> ______

    Right pulmonary artery; degenerates

  • 80

    Constriction of varying length of the aorta Occurs twice as often in males than females

    Coarctation of the aort

  • 81

    Constriction is just DISTAL to the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS Most common form ADULT form of coarctation

    Postductal coarctation

  • 82

    Constriction is PROXIMAL to the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS Prognosis is poor INFANTILE form of coarctation

    Preductal coarctation

  • 83

    Blood pressure is reduced in the lower limbs and elevated in the head, neck, and upper limbs

    Coarctation of the aorta

  • 84

    Characterized by a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus

    Double aortic arch