FORENSIC MIDTERM EXAM REVIEWER 👑

SANA MAKAPASA TAYONG LAHAT 🤍🤎🖤

FORENSIC MIDTERM EXAM REVIEWER 👑

76問 • 1年前SANA MAKAPASA TAYONG LAHAT 🤍🤎🖤

問題一覧

is photographic apparatus used to expose sensitized film or plates to reflected light images formed by a lens Usually has electronic refinements and automatic features, but underneath all that is a basic design that includes a lightproof container with a hole at one end over which a lens is placed and a holder opposite to accommodate either a strip of light-sensitive film, or a light-sensitive electronic chip. It can also be considered as a light tight box with a means of forming the image, holding sensitized materials, and controlling the amount of light that will reach the film.

CAMERA

Are the most popular type for serious photography. It is a type of camera suited for police work due to its interchangeability if the lens. They could be either digital or use 35mm film.

SLR (SINGLE LENS REFLEX) CAMERA

it is considered as the smallest and the simplest type of camera, can be either digital or film cameras and are light and easy to use. This non-SLR camera does not support interchangeable lenses and the view seen through the viewfinder is not exactly the same as what seen through the lens have direct vision viewfinders that do not show exactly the same image that the lens sees

COMPACT OR POINT AND SHOOT CAMERA

A type of camera with dual lens. One for focusing and other for forming the image.

TWIN (DOUBLE) LENS REFLEX CAMERA

passes light onto a mirror, which then bounces the image onto the ground glass

TOP LENS (VIEWING LENS)

is an identical focal length (though the aperture, which is always wide open, may be slightly different) and contains a leaf shutter.

BOTTOM LENS (TAKING LENS)

These cameras tend to be more expensive, and lenses tend to be large It is considered the biggest and expensive type of camera, used for movie making. the image resolution is higher with medium format than 35mm cameras.

MEDIUM FORMAT CAMERA (VIEW OR PRESS TYPE CAMERA)

Essential Components of a Camera

A means to accurately aim the camera and compose the picture;, An ability to focus precisely, A shutter to control the moment of exposure and how long light acts on the sensitive surface, An aperture to control image brightness and depth of field, A method of loading and removing film, without allowing unwanted light to affect, A meter to measure the light and indicate or set the exposure needed for each shot.

part of the camera that is very important because of its capability to exclude all the unwanted light that might expose the film.

LIGHT TIGHT BOX OR BODY

a glass, plastic, or crystal optical element molded into a curved shape that can bend and focus rays of light; Responsible for focusing the rays of light coming from the subject.

LENS

Holds the film firmly inside the camera

FILM HOLDER

Device used to control the amount of time during which light is allowed to enter the camera and register on the film or image sensor; serves as the barrier of the rays of light that will enter and affect the film inside the camera Setting the shutter at certain speeds enables the camera to determine the length of time the film is exposed.

SHUTTER

Is that part of the camera which regulates the time exposure of the film thus, affecting the amount of light reaching the sensitized material. It is usually expressed in a fraction of a second.

SHUTTER SPEED CONTROL

Enumerate the fraction per second of Shutter Speed Control

1/1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500

Stands for a whole second and the others are a fraction of a second.

NUMBER 1

Can stop the movement of the subject.

SHUTTER SPEED OF 125

an optical or electrical device used to compose and frame a scene. shows the entire scene coverage that can be recorded in the film inside the camera. also called a view system, a finder, or a viewing screen.

VIEWFINDER

A mechanism for moving film from one spool to another incrementally one frame at a time.

FILM ADVANCE AND LEVER

an opening (diaphragm) in a light-blocking plate that allows light to strike the film or image sensor; The ratio between the diameter and focal length of the lens; the light gathering power of the lens. the light gathering power of the lens Otherwise known as lens opening or relative aperture and it is expressed in F-number

LENS APERTURE

Enumerate F Number

f 1.4 f 2 f 2.8 f 4 f 5.6 f 8 f 11 f 16 f 22 f 32

The sharpness clearness of the objects being photographed will depend upon the focusing system of the camera.

FOCUSING MECHANISM

3 Types of Focusing Control

A. SPLIT IMAGES - OUT OF FOCUS/SHARP FOCUS, B. MICROPRISM, C. GROUND SCREEN

Either Coincidence or Split Image

RANGE FINDER

otherwise known as superimposed image focusing. In this type of focusing a single object will appear double once the object is not in focus, but moving the focusing adjustment this double image will coincide or superimposed to form a single object

COINCIDENCE

focusing on the other hand will show an image in split or two parts once the object in not in focus once the two parts of the image has been united then the object is already focused.

SPLIT IMAGE

This is observed from the viewing system of the camera, once the object is not in focused the object will be viewed to be blurred and will turn sharp and clear once adjusted.

GROUND GLASS

Estimating the distance of the object and adjusting the camera control based on his estimation do this.

SCALE BED

It is the image-forming device of the lens that actually has a greater effect on the quality of the image to be formed. A medium or system which converge or diverge light rays passing through it to form an image.

CAMERA LENS

first to introduce the use of lens in the camera.

DANIEL BARBARO

It is a lens with a focal length between 35mm to 50mm. The normal lens aims to capture a shot in a way that is most similar to how we see the world. has a focal length that is roughly equivalent to the diagonal of the light sensitive, image-recording area within the camera. They usually have wide maximum apertures, making them useful in low-light situations.

STANDARD/NORMAL LENS

These lenses can be rectilinear (straight lines are preserved) or fisheye (showing extreme barrel distortion). has a focal length shorter than the diagonal of the film frame or image sensor. It provides a broader angle of view than a standard lens and is therefore ideal for photographing a group of people

WIDE ANGLE LENS

Has a focal length that is much greater than the diagonal of the film or image format with which it is used.

LONG FOCUS LENS

has a variable focal length. It allows finetuning of subject framing by adjusting the focal length of the lens

ZOOM LENS

Uses a combination of glass elements and mirrors that bounce the light up and down the lens barrel, manipulating the light rays to allow a long focal length to be contained within a physically short space. The compact design reduces the bulk and weight associated with extreme long-focus lenses.

MIRROR LENS

Linearly corrected ultra-wide-angle lenses have a focal length ranging from around 21mm down to around 15mm.

ULTRA WIDE ANGLE ZOOM

is likely to be slower and heavier and to show more image distortion than a wide-angle fixed focal length lens. However, it has the advantage of being able to select intermediate focal length settings.

WIDE ANGLE ZOOM

is also sometimes called a perspective control lens. It can be shifted off-center in relation to the film frame

SHIFT LENS

are designed to render a subject with 1:1 or higher magnification for very close focusing distances. They are useful in taking close-ups of small subjects or isolating details of larger subjects because they allow the camera to focus extremely close to a subject to record a detailed image.

MACRO LENS

has a focal length longer than the diagonal of the film frame or image sensor. make a subject appear larger on film than a normal lens at the same camera-to-subiect distance. They also have a shallower depth of field than wide-angle lenses. They are usually used by sports photographers who frequently use a monopod for support and maneuverability.

TELEPHOTO LENS

200m ranging from 75-300mm encompasses about six fixed focal length lenses. This type of zoom is popular with sports and wildlife photographers. It is also useful for portraits and can be used to photograph architectural and landscape details.

TELEPHOTO ZOOM

characterized by the fact that it is thicker in the middle than the edge and forms a real image on the opposite side of the lens. It has a positive focal length and bends the rays together, which makes it a converging lens.

POSITIVE LENS AS CONVEX LENS

characterized by the fact that it is thinner in the middle than the edge and forms a virtual image on the same side of the lens. It does not require focusing, as everything will be sharp, upright and clear, no matter how close or far away the object. It is also known as a diverging lens because of its power to diverge rays of light that passes through it.

NEGATIVE LENS (CONCAVE LENS)

lens corrected for chromatic aberration

ACHROMATIC OR APOCHROMATIC

Corrected for spherical aberration

ASPHERICAL LENS

lens corrected for astigmatism

ANAGMATISM OR ANAGTIGMATIC

lens corrected for astigmatism but with higher correction to color a super corrected lens for astigmatism

PROCESS

lens corrected for distortion; A combination of two achromatic lenses with almost the same focal length

RAPID RECTILINEAR

is an inability of the lens to focus all colors in the same plane. It is a lens defect which has trouble bringing all the different wavelengths of visible light into focus at the same point on the film. This is the most difficult lens aberrations to correct.

CHROMATIC ABERRATION

a lens defect wherein the photographic rays passing through the edges refract more sharply than those passing through the central part of the lens. They come to focus on the edges than at the central rays.

SPHERICAL ABERRATION

the inability of the lens to focus in both horizontal and vertical plane at the same time; or the inability of the lens to focus on both lines running indifferent direction (

ASTIGMATISM

outer parts of the image produced by the lens will be magnified either less or more than the outer image

DISTORTION

there are straight lines near the edges of the frame bow toward the center of the frame. The curving is inward.

PINCUSHION DISTORTION

straight lines near the edges of the of the frame bow outward from the center.

BARREL DISTORTION

This is known as lateral aberration. It is concerned with rays entering the lens obliquely. It is a lens defect that produces a blurred comet-like image.

COMA

the image formed by lens comes to a sharper focus on a curved surface than on a flat surface.

CURVATURE OF FIELD

the inability of the lens to produce images sizes of object with different color.

CHROMATIC DIFFERENCE OF MAGNIFICATION

A stand consisting of three legs and a mounting head for a camera; Used to support and stabilize the camera

TRIPOD

a cable with a button or plunger attached to a camera to prevent accidental movement and eliminate camera shake

CABLE RELEASE

an artificial light source synchronized with the opening and closing of the shutter to emit a brief but very bright burst of illumination to a scene

FLASH UNIT

a device used in determining the intensity of light that strikes the subjects and affects the film

LIGHT METER

a tube inserted between the lens and camera body to provide increased magnification for macrophotography Used in photographing minute objects.

EXTENSION TUBE

a piece of colored glass, gelatin, plastic, or other material that attaches to or over the camera or enlarger lens to selectively absorb (or otherwise alter) the light passing through it; Used to enhance color or contrast, remove reflections, reduce haze, soften focus, or produce a variety of special effects.

FILTER

which are intended to manipulate the way film reacts to subject colors, and the special effects filters which are intended to give special effect to pictures.

NON SPECIAL EFFECT FILTER

which are intended to give special effect to pictures.

SPECIAL EFFECT FILTER

Adjusts the tonal differences of an image

CONTRAST FILTER

colored filter used in black & white image capture to ensure that tones are reproduced with the same relative brightness as perceived by the human eye.

CORRECTION FILTER

used to filter out ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause a bluish fog and loss of detail in distant objects; Also used to protect the front lens element from dust, moisture and scratches.

HAZE FILTER

A graduated filter designed to darken the sky while leaving the foreground exposure unaltered.

SKY FILTER

gray filter used over light sources or camera lenses to reduce specular reflections on certain surfaces; Also increases saturation of colors, especially in landscapes.

POLARIZING FILTER

Allow only that particular primary color to bass through - that is, red allows red to pass through, blue allows blue, and green allows green.

PRIMARY COLOR FILTERS

work in the same way. Yellow is a mixture of red and green, so yellow filter allows only those two colors to pass through, and so on.

COMPLEMENTARY COLOR FILTER

A device used to hold the camera firmly so as to prevent vibration or movement

CAMERA GRIP

A plastic, metal, or rubber device that attaches to the front of a lens to shield it from extraneous light

LENS HOOD

Yellow and magenta = red, Cyan and magenta = blue, Cyan and yellow = green, Red and green = yellow, Blue and red = magenta, Blue and green = cyan

Usually caused by body movement including the beating of the heart

VIBRATION

Caused by the improper holding of the camera.

ACTUAL CAMERA MOVEMENT

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CHAPTER 4

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MEN AND WOMEN

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A B C D E

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POLYGRAPHY MIDTERM

問題一覧

CAMERA

Are the most popular type for serious photography. It is a type of camera suited for police work due to its interchangeability if the lens. They could be either digital or use 35mm film.

SLR (SINGLE LENS REFLEX) CAMERA

COMPACT OR POINT AND SHOOT CAMERA

A type of camera with dual lens. One for focusing and other for forming the image.

TWIN (DOUBLE) LENS REFLEX CAMERA

passes light onto a mirror, which then bounces the image onto the ground glass

TOP LENS (VIEWING LENS)

is an identical focal length (though the aperture, which is always wide open, may be slightly different) and contains a leaf shutter.

BOTTOM LENS (TAKING LENS)

MEDIUM FORMAT CAMERA (VIEW OR PRESS TYPE CAMERA)

Essential Components of a Camera

part of the camera that is very important because of its capability to exclude all the unwanted light that might expose the film.

LIGHT TIGHT BOX OR BODY

a glass, plastic, or crystal optical element molded into a curved shape that can bend and focus rays of light; Responsible for focusing the rays of light coming from the subject.

LENS

Holds the film firmly inside the camera

FILM HOLDER

SHUTTER

Is that part of the camera which regulates the time exposure of the film thus, affecting the amount of light reaching the sensitized material. It is usually expressed in a fraction of a second.

SHUTTER SPEED CONTROL

Enumerate the fraction per second of Shutter Speed Control

1/1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500

Stands for a whole second and the others are a fraction of a second.

NUMBER 1

Can stop the movement of the subject.

SHUTTER SPEED OF 125

VIEWFINDER

A mechanism for moving film from one spool to another incrementally one frame at a time.

FILM ADVANCE AND LEVER

LENS APERTURE

Enumerate F Number

f 1.4 f 2 f 2.8 f 4 f 5.6 f 8 f 11 f 16 f 22 f 32

The sharpness clearness of the objects being photographed will depend upon the focusing system of the camera.

FOCUSING MECHANISM

3 Types of Focusing Control

A. SPLIT IMAGES - OUT OF FOCUS/SHARP FOCUS, B. MICROPRISM, C. GROUND SCREEN

Either Coincidence or Split Image

RANGE FINDER

COINCIDENCE

focusing on the other hand will show an image in split or two parts once the object in not in focus once the two parts of the image has been united then the object is already focused.

SPLIT IMAGE

This is observed from the viewing system of the camera, once the object is not in focused the object will be viewed to be blurred and will turn sharp and clear once adjusted.

GROUND GLASS

Estimating the distance of the object and adjusting the camera control based on his estimation do this.

SCALE BED

CAMERA LENS

first to introduce the use of lens in the camera.

DANIEL BARBARO

STANDARD/NORMAL LENS

WIDE ANGLE LENS

Has a focal length that is much greater than the diagonal of the film or image format with which it is used.

LONG FOCUS LENS

has a variable focal length. It allows finetuning of subject framing by adjusting the focal length of the lens

ZOOM LENS

MIRROR LENS

Linearly corrected ultra-wide-angle lenses have a focal length ranging from around 21mm down to around 15mm.

ULTRA WIDE ANGLE ZOOM

WIDE ANGLE ZOOM

is also sometimes called a perspective control lens. It can be shifted off-center in relation to the film frame

SHIFT LENS

MACRO LENS

TELEPHOTO LENS

TELEPHOTO ZOOM

POSITIVE LENS AS CONVEX LENS

NEGATIVE LENS (CONCAVE LENS)

lens corrected for chromatic aberration

ACHROMATIC OR APOCHROMATIC

Corrected for spherical aberration

ASPHERICAL LENS

lens corrected for astigmatism

ANAGMATISM OR ANAGTIGMATIC

lens corrected for astigmatism but with higher correction to color a super corrected lens for astigmatism

PROCESS

lens corrected for distortion; A combination of two achromatic lenses with almost the same focal length

RAPID RECTILINEAR

CHROMATIC ABERRATION

SPHERICAL ABERRATION

the inability of the lens to focus in both horizontal and vertical plane at the same time; or the inability of the lens to focus on both lines running indifferent direction (

ASTIGMATISM

outer parts of the image produced by the lens will be magnified either less or more than the outer image

DISTORTION

there are straight lines near the edges of the frame bow toward the center of the frame. The curving is inward.

PINCUSHION DISTORTION

straight lines near the edges of the of the frame bow outward from the center.

BARREL DISTORTION

This is known as lateral aberration. It is concerned with rays entering the lens obliquely. It is a lens defect that produces a blurred comet-like image.

COMA

the image formed by lens comes to a sharper focus on a curved surface than on a flat surface.

CURVATURE OF FIELD

the inability of the lens to produce images sizes of object with different color.

CHROMATIC DIFFERENCE OF MAGNIFICATION

A stand consisting of three legs and a mounting head for a camera; Used to support and stabilize the camera

TRIPOD

a cable with a button or plunger attached to a camera to prevent accidental movement and eliminate camera shake

CABLE RELEASE

an artificial light source synchronized with the opening and closing of the shutter to emit a brief but very bright burst of illumination to a scene

FLASH UNIT

a device used in determining the intensity of light that strikes the subjects and affects the film

LIGHT METER

a tube inserted between the lens and camera body to provide increased magnification for macrophotography Used in photographing minute objects.

EXTENSION TUBE

FILTER

which are intended to manipulate the way film reacts to subject colors, and the special effects filters which are intended to give special effect to pictures.

NON SPECIAL EFFECT FILTER

which are intended to give special effect to pictures.

SPECIAL EFFECT FILTER

Adjusts the tonal differences of an image

CONTRAST FILTER

colored filter used in black & white image capture to ensure that tones are reproduced with the same relative brightness as perceived by the human eye.

CORRECTION FILTER

used to filter out ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause a bluish fog and loss of detail in distant objects; Also used to protect the front lens element from dust, moisture and scratches.

HAZE FILTER

A graduated filter designed to darken the sky while leaving the foreground exposure unaltered.

SKY FILTER

gray filter used over light sources or camera lenses to reduce specular reflections on certain surfaces; Also increases saturation of colors, especially in landscapes.

POLARIZING FILTER

Allow only that particular primary color to bass through - that is, red allows red to pass through, blue allows blue, and green allows green.

PRIMARY COLOR FILTERS

work in the same way. Yellow is a mixture of red and green, so yellow filter allows only those two colors to pass through, and so on.

COMPLEMENTARY COLOR FILTER

A device used to hold the camera firmly so as to prevent vibration or movement

CAMERA GRIP

A plastic, metal, or rubber device that attaches to the front of a lens to shield it from extraneous light

LENS HOOD

Yellow and magenta = red, Cyan and magenta = blue, Cyan and yellow = green, Red and green = yellow, Blue and red = magenta, Blue and green = cyan

Usually caused by body movement including the beating of the heart

VIBRATION

Caused by the improper holding of the camera.

ACTUAL CAMERA MOVEMENT