Socio-cultural Anthropology 2

94問 • 1年前

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Modes of Adapting to Culture

Cultural Relativism Culture Shock Culture Lag Accommodation Assimilation Ethnocentrism Xenocentrism

The view that ethical and social standards reflect the cultural context from which they are derived. Understanding a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of one's own culture.

Cultural Relativism

A sense of confusion and uncertainty sometimes with feelings of anxiety that may affect people exposed to an alien culture or environment without adequate preparation.

Culture Shock

The notion that a society takes time to adjust to technological or social changes.

Culture Lag

Learning a new culture and adding it to your culturewithout losing your true cultural identity

Accommodation

Learning a new culture and forgetting previous cultural identity.

Assimilation

The view where an individual sees his/her culture as superior than that of others'

Ethnocentrism

The view where an individual sees his/her culture as inferior from that of others'.

Xenocentrism

Norms

Folkways Mores Laws

The general rules, customary and habitual ways and patterns of expected behavior within the society.

Folkways

Ethical and moral values which are strongly held and emphasized in which if violated can lead to severe penalties

Formalized norms enacted by the government and enforced by the political and legal authorities.

Laws

Religious Beliefs

Monotheism Polytheism Atheism Agnosticism Animism Pantheism

The doctrine or belief that there is only one God.

Monotheism

The belief in or worship of more than one god.

Polytheism

Disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of God or gods.

Atheism

The doctrine that humans cannot know of the existence of anything beyond the phenomena of their experience.

Agnosticism

The doctrine that every natural thing in the universe has a soul. Anima is the Latin word for "soul" or "spirit."

Animism

The doctrine that the universe conceived of as a whole is God and, conversely, that there is no God but the combined substance, forces, and laws that are manifested in the existing universe.

Pantheism

Major Religions

Hinduism Buddhism Jainism Judaism Christianity Confucianism Taoism Shintoism Islam

The world's oldest religion. It has the belief that three Gods rule the world; Brahma: the creator, Vishnu: the preserver and Shiva: the destroyer.

Hinduism

Hinduism has the belief that three Gods rule the world

Brahman the creator Vishnu the preserver Shiva the destroyer

Based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. It believes that the human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.

Buddhism

Teaches that the path to enlightenment is through nonviolence and reducing harm to living things (including plants and animals) as much as possible. Like Hindus and Buddhists, Jains believe in reincarnation. This cycle of birth, death, and rebirth is determined by one's karma.

Jainism

Oldest monotheistic religion in the world. Originated from the Hebrews. God revealed himself to Abraham and Yahweh is His name. Moses, David, Solomon and all other prophets was guided by Him in writing the books of the bible which also contains the prophecy of the arrival of Jesus Christ.

Judaism

The most widely diffused of all faiths. Based from the life. teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth. Christians believe in one God that created heaven, earth and the universe. The belief in one God originated with the Jewish religion. Christians believe Jesus is the "Messiah" or savior of the world.

Christianity

An ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality. It is the system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

Confucianism

Connected to the philosopher Lao Tzu, who wrote the main book of ____, the Tao Te Ching. _____ holds that humans and animals should live in balance with the Tao, or the universe. Taoists believe in spiritual immortality, where the spirit of the body joins the universe after death.

Taoism

Shinto means the way of the gods. It is the oldest religion in Japan. The main beliefs are the importance of purity, harmony, respect for nature, family respect, and subordination of the individual before the group. There are many Shinto gods or spirits and these have shrines dedicated to them where people offer food, money and prayers.

Shintoism

_____ means "submission to the will of God". Adherents of _____ are called Muslims. The belief that "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God" is central to _____. Allah is the one and only God in ______.

Islam

Martial Arts in Asia

Karate Kung-fu Taekwondo Jujutso Judo Akaido Kickboxing Sumo

An empty handed art of self-defense from the Japanese word kara, meaning "empty," and te, meaning "hand." Originated in East Asia and became systematized in Okinawa, Japan.

Karate

Refers to any skill that is acquired through learning or practice. Developed in ancient China______ is one of the most well-known martial arts today, with many of its systems having their roots in the Shaolin Temple.

Kung-fu

Korean martial art involving punching and kicking techniques, with emphasis on head-height kicks, spinning jump kicks, and fast kicking techniques.

Taekwondo

Also known as Japanese jüjitsu or "gentle art". A form of martial art and method of fighting that makes use of few or no weapons and employs holds, throws, and paralyzing blows to subdue an opponent.

Jujutso

A highly codified sport derived from jujitsu in which the mind controls the expression of the body and is a sport which contributes to educating individuals. Beyond competitions and combat, it involves technical research, practice of katas, self-defense work, physical preparation and sharpening of spirit.

Judo

aikido or "way of harmonizing energy", a Japanese self-defense system that resembles the fighting methods jujitsu and judo in its use of twisting and throwing techniques and in its aim of turning an attacker's strength and momentum against himself using lock, holds, throws and the opponent's own movements.

Akaido

A full-contact combat sport and a form of boxing based on punching and kicking. Muay Thai kickboxing is a martial art that originated with the Thai military. It is sometimes referred to as "the science of eight limbs" since two arms are used for punching, two feet for kicking, two elbows for striking, and two knees for striking.

Kickboxing

a Japanese style of wrestling and Japan's national sport. It originated in ancient times as a performance to entertain the Shinto deities.

Sumo

Philippine Folkdance

Cariñosa Tinikling Itik-itik Kuratsa Sayaw sa Bangko Pandanggo sa Ilaw Pandanggo Oasiwas Maglalatik Binasuan Singkil Pantomina Surtido

Considered as the national dance of the Philippines under the Marcos Sr. regime. _______ means "loving one" or "affectionate one" and is said to celebrate the characteristics of the ideal Filipina woman like María Clara, PANAY ISLAND

Cariñosa

Involves at least two people beating, tapping, and sliding bamboo poles on the ground while one or more dancers step over and in between the poles in a dance imitating tikling birds dodging the traps set by farmers. LEYTE

Tinikling

Mimetic folk dance with steps copying the movements of ducks among rice paddies and swam lands, such as wading, flying, and short, choppy steps. SURIGAO

Itik-itik

A dance of courtship and is often performed at weddings and other social occasions. Dancers imitate courtship movements of rooster and a hen in a creative way. LEYTE and SAMAR

Kuratsa

Performers dance with balance on top of a bench that is normally six inches wide. This dance dates back to before the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, which means it is a purely Pilipino Ancestral dance. PANGASINAN

Sayaw sa Bangko

Performed with three oil lamps that the dancer has to balance, a lamp is placed on each hand, and the other one is balanced on the top of the head. LUBANG ISLAND, MINDORO

Pagdanggo sa Ilaw

Similar to the Pandanggo sa Ilaw, and is typically performed by fishermen to celebrate a good catch. In this version, the lamps are placed in cloths or nets and swung around as the dancers circle and sway. PANGASINAN

Pagdanggo Oasiwas

Also known as magbabao. The main prop and instrument for the dance are called the "bao" or coconut shell. This dance only includes male dancers. BIÑAN, LAGUNA

Maglalatik

Performed during weddings and festivals as a way to express the Filipinos' gratitude to the gods. The dancers execute the routine with glasses filled with rice wine placed on each of their hands and on top of their heads. BAYAMBANG, PANGASINAN

Binasuan

A dance traditionally performed by single women to attract the attention of potential suitors. Dancers perform a series of graceful movements as they step in and out from between bamboo poles which are rhythmically clapped together. Fans and scarves are often used to enhance the dancers' movements. MINDANAO

Singkil

A wedding dance performed by the newlyweds themselves to show their ünwavering love to their family and relatives. The visitors usually throw coins at the couple and sometimes a plate is placed on the ground so people can put money on it. BICOL

Pantomina

literally translates to "assortment" is a creative mix of dance routines featuring the cultures of Spain, Mexico, France, and other indigenous influences. CEBU

Surtido

A hopeful and the prettiest festival in the country. It celebrates the rising up of Baguio City after the 1990 Luzon earthquakes. The Kankanaey term "________' means 'A Season of Blossoming. BAGUIO, BENGUET

Panagbenga

is a native expression in the Dabawon tongue derived from the word 'madayaw' meaning 'good, valuable, and superior This festival is a festival of thankfulness and relates to thanksgiving traditions. DAVAO CITY

Kadayawan

Blend of a thanksgiving ritual, a peace pact between tribes, a datukship ritual, and a wedding ceremony. MALAYBALAY, MINDANAO

Kaamulan

It celebrates the patron saint of farmers for a good harvest- San Isidro Labrador. A parade of locals in costumes, giant paper-mache, and designed floats is hosted. The houses and floats are decorated with fruits, vegetables, and colourful Kiplings which are traditional Filipino leaf-shaped wafers, made with glutinous rice. LUCBAN, QUEZON

Pahiyas

"______" means "graceful dance", wherein it all started in 1980 with a simple dance that represents the "sulog" (or current) of a river in Cebu. With the celebration's evolution, the Sinulog Festival has become a month long tradition in Cebu. CEBU CITY

Sinulog

_______' is a Hiligaynon word meaning 'merrymaking'. It hosts a celebration of the Santo Nino and the pact between the Datus and the locals after the arrival of Malay settlers. ILO-ILO CITY

Dinagyang

This festival showcases the native people who lived here before the Spanish, and how they lived their life. It symbolizes the brave warriors of the past and is celebrated with music, dance, and the vibrant colours of green and blue. TACLOBAN CITY

Pintados

Based on the Angono folklore that tells us about 'hingates' or giant paper mache made by the locals to protest against the Spanish inquisition. ANGONO, RIZAL

Higantes

is a lenten festival held annually on Holy Week on the island of Marinduque, Philippines. The "________" are men and women in costumes and masks replicating the garb of biblical Imperial Roman soldiers as interpreted by locals. MARINDUQUE

Moriones

It began in 1980 as a way to escape from the reality of the situation. The locals put on smiling masks despite hardships and brought the masked metaphor to life. BACOLOD CITY

Masskara

This is a celebration in honor of the Infant Jesus, the town's patron. ______, observed in honor of the Child Jesus. Ati-atihan means 'making like Atis, that is, pretending to be like the aboriginal natives that once inhabited Aklan, KALIBO, AKLAN.

Ati-atihan

Filipino Traditional Clothing and Garments

Barong Filipiniana Putong Tubatub Kangan Bahag Baro or Camisa Saya or Patadyong

Formal shirt usually made of sheer lightweight but stiff fabric known as nipis.

Barong

Traditional outfit with puffy oversize sleeves

Filipiniana

Headwrap worn mainly by men

Putong

headwrap worn by women

Tubatub

A sleeveless jacket

Kangan

Loincloth worn by the tribesmen of Ifugao

Bahag

Collarless shirt with sleeves whose hem is at the waist.

Baro or Camisa

Rectangular or tube-like wraparound skirt.

Saya or Patadyong

Filipino Cultural Values

Paggalang Utang-na-loob Hiya Delicadesa Pakikisama Bahala na Amor Propio Palabra de Honor

Respect for elders and using "po" and "opo".

Paggalang

Meaning debt of gratitude and reciprocity. This refers to an obligation to appropriately repay a person who has done one a favor.

Utang na Loob

This means shame or embarrassment, on a deeper level it refers to one's sense of self, propriety, and respect.

Hiya

Maintaining the dignity of one's family by avoiding embarrassing situations.

Delicadesa

Submitting oneself to the will of the group for the sake of camaraderie and unity.

Pakikisama

May be considered as being religious or spiritual; leaving the result to Divine Providence.

Bahala na

A Spanish term meaning self-esteem, self-love, or self-regard.

Amor Propio

This means word of honor. A sense of truthfulness and reliability; fulfilling commitments even without a document.

Palabra de Honor

Negative Filipino Traits

Extreme Personalism Extreme Family Centeredness Ningas Cogon Balat Sibuyas Mañana Habit Gossiping Bahala na attitude Kanya-kanya mentality Crab Mentality Split Personality Colonial Mentality Palusot Syndrome

Taking things personally and cannot separate objective task from emotional involvement. Filipinos view the world in terms of personal relationships and the extent to which one is able personally to relate to things and people determines our recognition of their existence and the value.

Extreme Personalism

Excessive care for family entails utilizing one's office and authority to advance family interests, resulting. in factionalism, patronage, political dynasties, and the protection of erring family members.

Extreme Family Centeredness

Being enthusiastic only during the start of new undertaking but ends dismally in accomplishing nothing.

Ningas Cogon

Being overly sensitive or easily hurt, in the sense that an individual is easily affected by even the slightest criticism.

Balat Sibuyas

Procrastination. Delaying or setting aside a certain task assigned on the next day although it can be done today.

Mañana Habit

Exchanging rumors about almost everything, about neighbors, politician, celebrities, ect.

Gossiping

Retreating or withdrawal from certain undertaking and leaving everything to God to interfere and determine the outcome of his deeds.

Bahala na attitude

An offshoot of crab mentality. The self- serving attitude that generates envy and competitiveness towards other. Dampening cooperative and community spirit due to personal ambition.

Kanya-kanya mentality

An attempt to "pull down" someone who has achieved success beyond the others.

Crab mentality

Switching to alternate identities, practicing conflicting values in different venues and with different social groups.

Split personality

Showing high admiration and preference to foreign produced goods over local ones.

Colonial mentality

Making excuses or reasoning

Palusot Syndrome

Trends and Issues Overall

Cydrix James Natanauan · 154問 · 1年前

Trends and Issues Overall