is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. It is the science of the Earth's surface, its atmosphere and its features.

was recognized as the "first mythical geographer" this is due to his vivid descriptions of lands encountered by his hero Ulysses.

The ancient Greek mathematician named _______ know as the "father of geography", created the earliest accurate projection of the world.

He also invented the geographic grid system of longtitude and latitude and made one of the earliest maps of the known world.

he was the first person to use the word geography

The person who laid the foundation for the subsequent development of physical geography and meteorology is __________ who is known as the "father of modern geography".

the commom belief that the earth has fixed position at the center while the sun and other planets revolve around the it was suggested by ________ and it is known as "Geocentrism".

It was ________ who introduced "Heliocentrism" the idea that it is the sun at the center while all planets including the earth circled around it.

is bacically a set of imaginary and horizontal and vertical lines drawn on map.

is used to find the exact location of place.

0° latitude which equally divides the planet into a northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere.

vetical lines that run east to west parallel to the equator and measure your distance north to south

0° longtitude which equally divides the planet into a western hemisphere and eastern hemisphere.

horizontal lines that run north to south from pole to pole and measure the distance east or west.

180° longitude extending between the North Pole and the South Pole and arbitrarily demarching each calendar dy from next.

a single or universal ocean. Pangaea, the supercontinent, was formerly encircled by the _________

an early geologic supercontinent that included nearly all of the planet's landmasses.

defined as the supercontinent that preceded the more famous Pangaea, which is existed between 320 million and 170 million years ago.

A large supercontinent that existed in the northern hemisphere before it began to break up - 200 million years ago, consisting of the modern day continents of North America, Europe and Asia.

One of the two ancient supercontinent produced by the first split of the even larger supercontinent Pangaea about 200 million years ago, comprising chiefly what is now Africa, South America, Austalia, Antartica and the Indian subcontinent.

known as a supercontinent, with the Suez isthmus connecting its part of Africa and Eurasia.

It is the Earth's largest landmass, and it is referred to as "Old World" because it has the Earth's oldest countries.

An almost totally submerged chunk pf continental crust, also know as Te Riu-a-Mui or Tasmantis, broke off from Gondwanaland a million years ago and has since sunk.

The terms "submerged continent," continental fragment," and "microcontinent" have all been used to characterized it.

a ground-breaking idea that explains how continents move around on the surface of the planet.

________, a geophysicist and meorologist, first outh the hypothesis about Continental Drift Theory in 1912

is a large continous mass of land conventionally regarded as a collective region.

is the largest of the world's continents by both land areas and population, and currently has 49 countries. And it is the birthplace of all the world's major religions - Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism.

has 54 countries which makes it the continent with the most countries. It is belivedto be the birthplace of humanity aince it seems to be the first continent where humans were found by recordsof the fossil remains.

almost fully occupies western hemisphere generally referred to as the New World. It includes 23 countries, as well as more than two dozen non-sovereign territories. All major biomes can be found in this continent.

has 12 countries and about 22% is covered by forest, and it is estimated that 20% of all the planet's oxygen is created in these forest.More than 40% of the world's plants and animal speciescan be found here.

is world's most isolated and remote wilderness and considered to be the largest desert in the world.

Located in the Southern Hemisphere and its landmass is almost wholly covered by a vast ice sheet.

This is the only continent with no countries but seven nations claim different part of it.

is the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere, and centrally located between the other "Old World" continents, Africa and Asia. And has 44 countries.

is the world's smallest continent and consist of 14 countries. It is the flattest continent and the only continent located completely in one which is Southern Hemisphere.

Three of major geographic features are:

a monolith that is a sacred site to the Aboriginal people.

is the world's largest coral reef

is the oldest rainforest in the world.

The 8,848.86 meter-fall mountain is known as the highest point on Earth and is situated near the Nepal-China border.

The youngest volcano in the Northern Hemisphere

A stunning canyon that may be seen in Arizona, USA.

regarded as the world's biggest waterfall. The Zimbezi River, which flows across southern Africa's Zambia and Zimbabwe is responsible for creating the falls.

It is one of the seven natural wonders of the world and is sometimes referred to as Guanabara Bay. Based on volume, it is the biggest natural bay in the world.

The seventh wonder of the natural world is a natural phenomenon known scientifically as the Aurora Borealis When electrically charged particles brought on by sun flares or other intense solar activity reach the gaseous particles found in the Earth's atmosphere, they produce the aurora, which is a stunning light display of dancing hues that is often green, blue, and purple.

the biggest pyramid in Egypt as well as Khufu's tomb from the Fourth Dynasty. The Pyramids of Giza, like the Egyptian pyramids that came before and after them, served as the pharaohs' or kings' mausoleums and royal graves. They were frequently a part of a large funeral complex that also contained the graves of the queens and temples for daily sacrifices.

Described as a magnificent technical achievement, it has a rising succession of tiered gardens with a broad variety of trees, shrubs, and vines that resemble a huge green mountain made of mud bricks.

A massive monument honoring Helios, the Sun God of the Ancient Greeks. In order to commemorate their escape from a dreadful siege, the citizens of Rhodes, a Greek city, erected the monument between the years 292-280 BCE.

The temple at Ephesus, also known as Artemisium, was one of the biggest Greek temples ever constructed, spanning around 377 feet in length and 180 feet in width (bigger by twenty feet on a side than a football field). It was also the first to be made completely of marble.

The Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt constructed a lighthouse known as the Pharos of Alexandria under the rule of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

a massive, 12.4 m-tall statue that is sitting, omated by the Greek artist Phidias at the temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece, in the year 435 BC. Zeus, who reigns as king of the gods of Mount Olympus, is the sky and thunder deity of classical Greek mythology.

The tomb of Mausolus, an Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria was constructed in Halicarnassus between 353 and 350 BC. It is also known as the Tomb of Mausolus Greek architects Satyros and Pythius of Priene created the building.

Half-built and partially carved into the rock, Petra is encircled by mountains that are laced with tunnels and valleys. It is one of the most well-known archaeological sites in the world, where Hellenistic and ancient Eastern architectural styles coexist. Petra is a testament to the accomplishments of the Nabataean Arabs, a powerful civilization who expertly sculpted the city into the surrounding mountains.

The Chinese rulers constructed the Great Wall over many years to defend their domain. The wall is the world's longest man-made construction, measuring a total of around 21196.18 kilometers or 13170.7 miles. The wall, which was constructed over many centuries by more than six distinct Chinese dynasties, is more than 2,300 years old.

The most famous representation of Christian religion ever constructed in the world is the statue of ___________, or Cristo Redentor in its native Portuguese. Building atop Mount Corovado in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, took nine years.

The largest amphitheater in the world is the _______. It is a staggering 50 meters tall, 156 meters broad, and 189 meters long.

a 15th-century Inca citadel situated atop a 2,430- meter (7,970 ft) mountain crest in southern Peru's Eastern Cordillera. It is frequently referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas" and is the most well-known representation of the Inca Empire. ____________ was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

a 4 square mile (10 square km) (10 square km) ancient Maya metropolis in south-central Yucatán state, Mexico. At its height, 35,000 people would have lived in this alleged religious, military, political, and economic hub.

was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 because it was "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage". Many people believe it to be the finest example of Mughal architecture and a representation of India's long history. On the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra, there lies a mausoleum made of ivory-white marble called the _________. It was built in 1632 by Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor who ruled from 1628 to 1658, to contain the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, his favorite wife.

form the relief features of the Earth and influence the climatic conditions of the regions in which they are located.

a landform that protrudes significantly beyond its surroundings and often has steep slopes, a small peak area, and significant local relief.

A cluster of mountains or chain of mountains.

An opening in the Earth's crust through which lava, ash, and gases erupt. The cone-shaped landform that was created over time by several eruptions is also included in the word.

There are three types of volcanoes:

A flat, elevated landform with at least one side rising considerably above the surroundings. Every continent has ______, which occupy one-third of the surface on the planet.

a lower area of land between two higher areas, typically hills or mountains. A ______ will frequently begin as a downward fold between two upward folds on the Earth's surface, however this can also happen with rift _____.

a piece of land encircled by water.

a region of terrain with an annual rainfall of little more than 25 cm (10 inches). In a _______, evaporation frequently much outweighs yearly precipitation. Water is scarce for plants and other living things in all ______.

a section of land that is connected to the mainland on one side but is almost completely encircled by water. ________ can occasionally only be big enough for a solitary lighthouse, for example.

a region that consists of a chain or collection of islands dispersed among lakes, rivers, or the ocean.

a large, largely level stretch of land.

highest mountain in the world

highest mountin in the Philippines

highest mountain in Africa and the world's tallest freestanding peak.

longest mountain range in the world

longest mountain range on land

longest mountain range in asia

longest mountain range in the Phiippines

largest active volcano in the world

smallest active volcano in the world

most perfect volcanic cone

known one the most powerful volcano after its June 15, 1991 eruption

highest and largest plateau in the world known as "the roof of the world

Largest valley in the world

Largest valley in the Philippines

Largest island in the world

Largest island in the Philippines

Largest desert in the world

Largest hot desert in the world

Largest peninsula in the world

Largest archipelago in the world

world's largest unbroken lowland

a huge body of salt water that encircles the majority of the planet.

a body of water that resembles a ribbon and flows downward due to gravity. A ____ may be both large and deep or it may be only shallow enough to wade over.

A flowing body of water that is smaller than a river

A steep descent of a river or other body of water over a rocky ledge.

A naturally occurring, relatively large body of water localized in a basin surrounded by land.

A portion of the ocean that penetrates land.

large, thick masses of ice that form on land when fallen snow gets compressed into ice over many centuries.