The study and knowledge of the past.

It is a sort of collective memory and the tale of the past.

Regarded as the Father of History.

description of the Greco-Persian War

when there was human life before records documented human activity.

Old stone age

Middle stone age

New stone age

A period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.

An archaeological term used to describe specific cultures that fall between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic Periods. The use of small chipped stone tools called microliths and retouched bladelets are the key factors in identifying the Mesolithic as a prehistoric period.

The final stage of cultural evolution or technological development among prehistoric humans.

is identified as the era where records and documents of human activity comes to existence.

This approximately lasted from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization.

The period in human history that started between 1200 B.C. and 600 B.C., depending on the region, and followed the Stone Age and Bronze Age. During the _____, people across much of Europe, Asia and parts of Africa began making tools and weapons from iron and steel.

is the time period in history between the origins of human civilization and the fall of ancient empires. It is noteworthy that ancient civilizations emerged in major river valleys since water is a basic need for people to survive, and these areas are where floodplains contained rich soil which is good for growing crops.

Tigris and Euphrates

Nile

Indus and Ganges

Huang-He River and the Yangtze

meaning "between two rivers" in Greek, ___________ (located in modern-day Iraq, Kuwait and Syria) is considered the birthplace of civilization.

The world's first urban cities, such as Babylon, Ashur, and Akkad, were all located in _______

first urban literature culture

who founded the civilization, set the laws, Mesopotamia the world's first urban literate culture.

One of the most well-known Mesopotamian inventions is the ________ which was employed to create the Code of Hammurabi.

cuneifrom writing system which was employed to create the _______

Mesopotamian invention which gave rise to the 60-second minute, 60-minute hour and 360 degree circle.

The first civilization

Created the first Ziggurat (tower) and wheel

Cuneiform - first system of writing

The first Empire

Conquered Sumer through "Sargon"

Created the first postal system

The creative Empire

First outsider to come to Mesopotamia

Hammurabi "greatest priest-king"

The origin of Scriptures

Ten Commandments and the bible

Religious and moral laws

The greatest trader

Created the alphabet

Built strong and fast sailing vessels

The iron discoverer

Found and extracted iron from meteorites

used the ore to create tools and weapon

The largest empire

Famous for their fearsome army

Cruel and ruthless warriors

The new babylon

ruled by Nebuchadnezzar

Created the hanging gardens of Babylon

The cradle of science

Construction of roads and bridges

Believed in one main god called Ahura Mazda

stood as one of history's most powerful empires for more than 3,000 years.

one of history's most idealized civilizations, ruled as one of the most potent empires for more than 3,000 years. The civilization is most renowned for its pyramids, tombs, and mausoleums as well as the technique of mummification, which was used to prepare bodies for the afterlife. It was situated along the fertile Nile River and formerly stretched from what is now Syria to Sudan

is a method of water management that the Egyptians invented and used. Through this method, they were able to regulate the river's rise and fall to best fit their agricultural requirements. In a field of crops that the river will eventually flood, a crisscross network of earthen barriers was built.

This civilization is most known for its pyramids, tombs, and mausoleums

The ancient egypt is most known of the following:

Three Period of Ancient Egypt

The famous 4th Dynasty, during which King Sneferu developed the skill of pyramid construction and the pyramids of Giza were built under the kings Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, is included in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, often known as the "Age of the Pyramids" or "Age of the Pyramid Builders."

For the ancient Egyptians, the ___________, sometimes called the Period of Reunification, was a period of great accomplishment. New techniques and styles were included into art, such as the block style which utilized massive stone blocks to create artwork. Harvests in the Faiyum, a sizable oasis on the west bank of the Nile in Lower Egypt grew as a result of irrigation operations.

The time span including Egypt's 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties Between the 2nd Intermediate Period and the 3rd Intermediate Period it spans the years 16 to 11 BCE. The New Kingdom witnessed Egypt's greatest geographical expansion thanks to military superiority overseas.

is the origin of Hinduism.

Together with outstanding literary traditions and magnificent architecture, religion was highly valued. The concepts of reincarnation and the caste system based on birthright are found in the Upanishads, or holy Hindu writings, and both have persisted until the current day.

It was one of the first significant cities in the world and the main metropolis of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization; the name __________ is said to mean "the mound of the dead." It had the greatest drainage system in the whole globe.

The _______ culture is credited with creating the first precise system of weights and measurements.

A group of individuals known as the ancient _____ originated in central Asia and eventually made their way to India. They created the Vedic Sanskrit language as well as a caste system with distinct social strata.

were chariot-riding, livestock-raising, nomadic people who also enjoyed gambling. Clans were made up of people who herded sheep and goats. They had Rajas, or warrior kings, as their rulers.

The ______________ civilizations thrived in isolation from invaders and other outsiders for millennia because they were shielded from them by the Himalayan Mountains, the Pacific Ocean, the Gobi Desert, and their location between the Yellow and Yangtze rivers. They erected fortifications to stave off the Mongols coming from the north, which some have compared to the Great Wall of China, which was constructed later, in 220 В.С.

which was often split into the Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Qin dynasties, was controlled by a series of rulers. The printing press. which made it possible to publish and disseminate Sun Tzu's The Art of War, which is still relevant more than 2,500 years later, is among the inventions attributed to the civilization, along with the abacus. sundial, and decimal system.

inventions attributed to the civilization, along with the abacus. sundial, and decimal system.

building of the Grand Canal, which connects the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, in the fifth century made it possible to transport massive quantities of armed soldiers and cargo across the nation.

connects the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, in the fifth century made it possible to transport massive quantities of armed soldiers and cargo across the nation.

most prosperous centralized state in human history

For a variety of cultures, including the Chavn, Paracas, Nazca, Huari, Moche, and Inca, Peru served as the birthplace of civilization. Within these societies, archaeologists have discovered evidence of advanced agricultural and medicinal techniques, metallurgy, and pottery.

which spanned from what is now Colombia to Chile and is famous for the Andean metropolis of Machu Picchu with its intricate municipal grid, marked the end of the civilization.

known as the Father of Scientific History.

He wrote the history of Peloponnesian Wars

Founder of the Annales School of History.

First-hand experience Written during the time (or atleast, close to) of a particular event

Interpretation of primary sources Written at a time way beyond the event

Diary Letters Documents Newspaper articles Picture | Videos

Books Journal Articles News Features

The belief that humanity, life, the Earth, or the universe as a whole was specially created by God. - BIBLE

The lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors. - CHARLES DARWIN

Hairy Man

Bipedal

Walked upright

Handy Man

Thinking man

Australia, Melanesia, and parts of Southeast Asia.

Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, parts of North Iran, and central southern Russia.

Africa south, South and Southeast Asia (Negritos).

East Asia, Southeast Asia, North Asia, the Arctic, Central Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific Islands.

Ice Age Procunsul, Australopethicus, Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Living on Caves Hunting, Fishing and Gathering

"Challenge and Response (John Marshall) Use of microliths semi-permanent settlement Hunting, Fishing, and Gathering Pastoral society and horticultural society

polished stone tools settlement in permanent villages domesticated plants or animals cultural evolution or technological development among prehistoric humans Pottery and weaving Barter