An artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation.

A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two other large areas of water.

A length of water wider than a strait, joining two larger areas of water, especially two seas.

Largest ocean in the world

Smallest ocean in the world

Longest river in the world

Widest river in the world

Longest river in the Philippines

Highest waterfalls in the world

Largest lake in the world

Deepest lake in the world

Largest lake in the Philippines

Largest gulf in the world

largest glacier in the world

refers to short-term changes, is the state of the atmosphere, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover.

is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area.

Five main types of climates

Zone having year-round average temperatures of over 64°F (18°C) and high humidity. The tropics are areas of Earth that are positioned roughly near the center of the planet. includes a portion of Australia, the Equator, and regions of North and South America, Africa, Asia, and Africa.

There is relatively little precipitation and the air's moisture swiftly evaporates. Arid and semiarid are both types of dry climates. The majority of dry areas get 10 to 30 centimeters (four to 12 inches) of rain annually, while serniarid climates get enough to maintain vast grasslands.

environments with sporadic drought, pleasant to warm summers, and cool to cold winters and a year or portion of a year with moderate rainfall. Typically, there are moderate winters and warm, humid summers with thunderstorms.

have very chilly winters and pleasant to cool summers. Snowstorms, strong winds, and extremely cold temperatures sometime dropping to -22°F (-30°C) can occur in this region throughout the winter. This is the area where the arctic and moderate climates meet. Extreme seasonal variations are characteristic of continental climates,

Even in the summer, it is quite chilly, the highest temperature is 50°F (10°C).

A natural light show in the Earth's sky called an ______, sometimes known as the polar lights, northern lights, or southern lights, is most frequently observed in high-latitude areas. The sky is covered in dynamic patterns of spectacular lights known as auroras that might take the form of curtains, beams, spirals, or dynamic flickers

a seasonal occurrence in which the Sun is still visible at local midnight in regions north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle.

The day was known to ancient astronomers as one where the Sun appeared to stop still since it was during this time of year that the Sun seems to be at either its highest or lowest position in the sky for the year

The two times of year when the Sun's path in the sky is farthest south in the Northern Hemisphere (December 21 or 22) and furthest north in the Southern Hemisphere (June 20 or 21) are known as the hibernal solstice.

the two times of year (June 20 or 21 or December 21 or 22) when the Sun's path in the sky is farthest north in the Northern Hemisphere or furthest south in the Southern Hemisphere. Seasonal Earth and Sun configuration

an occurrence where the subsolar point of a planet crosses over its equator. The only period when the quantity of sunlight and nightfall in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is practically equal is during the _______.

A vivid visual phenomena known as __________ or irisation happens in clouds and manifests itself when the Sun or Moon is nearby. The hues mimic those of soap bubbles and oil slicks on water. This kind of photometeor exists.

High-altitude snow formations can be found. They appear as thin, elongated, closely spaced blades of hardened snow or ice that are facing in the general direction of the sun.

a lightning strike brought on by a volcanic eruption as opposed to a typical thunderstorm. The term "dirty thunderstorm" refers to _______, which is caused by colliding and fragmenting volcanic ash particles that produce static electricity inside the volcanic plume.

is a powerful radiation flash caused by the release of magnetic energy from a sunspot. The greatest explosive occurrences in our solar system are ______. They can persist for a few minutes to several hours and are seen as bright spots on the sun.

A spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that generate torrential rain and squalls, a low-pressure core, and powerful winds are the characteristics of a tropical cyclone, a fast revolving storm system.

when they develop over the North Atlantic, central North Pacific, and eastern North Pacific

when they form over the South Pacific and Indian Ocean

when they develop in the Northwest Pacific

the trembling of the Earth's surface brought on by a rapid release of energy in the lithosphere of the planet.

occurs when a volcano releases gas and/or lava, occasionally violently. Because of how hot it is deep below the Earth, sorne rocks slowly melt and turn into lava, a viscous fluid. Since magma is lighter than the surrounding solid rock, it rises and gathers in magma chambers. A portion of the lava eventually rises to the Earth's surface through vents and fissures.

Ferocious, brief meteorological disturbances that are nearly always accompanied by lightning, thunder, thick clouds, significant amounts of rain or hail, and strong gusts of wind. Layers of warm, moist air rise in a strong updraft to cooler parts of the atmosphere, whereupon _______ form.

A variety of ground movements, such as rockfalls, superficial or deep-seated slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows, can occur during _______, also known as landslips.

A common type of danger known as a snow _______ is the abrupt release of snow masses and ice on slopes, occasionally accompanied by fragments of rock, soil, and plants.

A common type of danger known as a snow avalanche is the abrupt release of snow masses and ice on slopes, occasionally accompanied by fragments of rock, soil, and plants.

When raindrops are transported aloft by thunderstorm updrafts into extremely cold regions of the sky and freeze. hailstones are created. When liquid water drops strike a hailstone's surface and freeze, the hailstone grows.

an excess of water that _____ normally dry area. The expression "flowing water" can also be used to describe the tide's influx. ______ are a topic of research in the hydrology field and are very important to the fields of agriculture, civil engineering, and public health

is an incredibly fast-rotating column of air that makes contact with the Earth's surface, a cumulonimbus cloud, or, very rarely, the base of a cumulus cloud

is a succession of waves in a body of water brought on by the shifting of a significant amount of water, typically in an ocean or a sizable lake. A ______ can be produced by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other undersea explosions that occur above or below the surface of the water.

An anomalous increase in water caused by a storm that is higher than the expected astronomical tides is known as a _______.

which is referred to as the increase in water level brought on by a storm surge and an astronomical tide, should not be confused with storm surge.

is a time when the weather is drier than usual. Days, months, or even years may pass between ______. In addition to harming the local economy, ______ frequently has significant negative effects on the ecosystems and agriculture of afflicted areas.

forest fire, bushfire, wildland fire or rural fire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of combustible vegetation.

Due to the Coriolis effect and Ferrel's rule, these winds are also referred to as trade winds and blow to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. They begin blowing in the direction of the equatorial low-pressure belt from the subtropical high-pressure zones. They blow as northeastern trades in the Northern Hemisphere and as southeastern trades in the Southern Hemisphere

Other names for these winds include the Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties, and Shrieking Sixties. They blow in the direction of subpolar low-pressure belts from subtropical high pressure belts. Compared to the westerlies in the Northern hemisphere, the westerlies in the Southern hemisphere are stronger and more reliable.

are cold, dry, and year-round winds that blow from the Northern Hemisphere's north to south and from the Southern Hemisphere's south to north. Easterlies originate from the subpolar lows' high-pressure polar regions.

A ________ is a wind that occasionally changes its direction between summer and winter in low-latitude areas. _______ typically flow from land to water in winter and from water to land in summer. causing a significant change in the region's temperature and precipitation patterns. The Indian subcontinent's ______ is based on the temperature differences caused by the Himalayan wall, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean.

generally expected to begin around the beginning of June and fade away by the end of September.

Cold winds from the northeast that bring rains over the eastern side of the country. Happens during November to February

is a massive, spinning storm that carries with it wind, rain, and devastation. _______ have been demonstrated to have a major negative, but temporary, impact on local economic activity.

was the most powerful typhoon ever recorded in history. striking the North Pacific region on September 12, 1961. _____ caused significant havoc throughout Japan and Guam, killing 191 people. ________, a Category 5 Super Typhoon, had a sustained wind speed of 343 kilometers per hour.

It is a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 62 kilometers per hour.

Maximum sustained winds range from 63 to 88 kilometers per hour.

Maximum sustained winds range from 89 to 117 kilometers per hour.

If the greatest wind speed hits 118 to 184 kilometers per hour, it is classified as a _______.

If the wind speed surpasses 185 kilometers per hour, it is categorized as a Category 5 typhoon.

According to PAGASA, ______ is the strongest typhoon to have ever struck the Philippines. It had a wind speed of 315 kilometers per hour, causing P95.5 billion in damage and killing over 6,300 people. Tacloban City was seriously damaged in November 2013 as a result of an unexpected storm surge.

made landfall in Bohol and Surigao City in 2021, bringing typhoons to the Visayas and Mindanao. It had a wind speed of 280 kilometers per hour, a damage cost of P51.8 billion, and a death toll of 409. Typhoon ______ also hit Cagayan de Oro City, creating catastrophic flash floods across the city due to river overflow.

which hit Mindanao in 2012, caused widespread devastation. It costs 1,900 people their lives and P43.2 million in damages. _____ made landfall in three different places: Northern Mindanao, Central Visayas, and Palawan. It had a wind speed of 280 kilometers per hour and caused power disruptions and landslides in Mindanao.

In 2014, ___________ also caused damage in Visayas and Luzon. It claimed 225 lives and caused P38.6 million in damage at a wind speed of 260 kilometers per hour. Ninety percent of Metro Manila people were without power as a result of downed cables and poles.

with a wind speed of 285 kilometers per hour, displaced nearly 270,000 people in Luzon in 2018. It caused P33.9 billion in damage and 134 deaths due to landslides, storm surges, and flash floods

a location with a lot of trees and plants.

has a lot of rain throughout the year. Fall and leaf regeneration can occur at any time of the year.

Rainfall is seasonal, and the dry season occurs when the leaves fall.

has hot, dry summers and often cold, damp winters. In order to avoid evapotranspiration and consequent water loss, plants grow thick, waxy leaves

In winter, the daily temperature might fall as low as -50°C, however it usually ranges between -5° and 5°C. consist primarily of coniferous trees like spruce, pine, and fir. Broad leaves are replaced by needles on coniferous trees, and the seeds are enclosed in sturdy, protected cones.

a region where grasses form an almost continuous cover of the vegetation.

zone that exists between arid areas and deciduous forest regions. It is characterized by a constant tall grass canopy over hot, seasonally dry weather conditions.

mild in terms of both temperature and rainfall. characterized primarily by few trees and tall grasslands and wildflowers.

is distinguished by grassland plains that lack trees, save for those near rivers and lakes.

The majority of ______ plants can withstand salt or dryness. Some plants can hold water in their stems, roots, and leaves. Other arid- area plants have deep tap roots that hold the soil, prevent eroding, and reach the water table.

The short growing seasons and freezing temperatures are detrimental to tree development. The Arctic and the summits of mountains, where the environment is frigid and windy, are home to tundra ecosystems. and rainfall is scant. Tundra lands are covered with snow for much of the year, but summer brings bursts of wildflowers

greater than 50,000 square kilometers (19,000 square miles) in size, of glacial ice. About 99% of the freshwater on Earth is found in _______, which are also known as continental glaciers Ice sheets transform into ice shelves as they reach the shore and cross the ocean.

Clearly mark the borders between different governmental entities, such as states, counties, and nations. A _________ lacks topographical details.

Showcase the many climates on Earth as well as the localized weather patterns. Frequently, __________ will look like ordinary maps of the various regions with different colors designating the various climatic zones

Draw a picture of a place's topographical characteristics, such as its mountains, rivers, and lakes. Typically. several colors are used to depict the physical characteristics.

similar to physical maps, which depict an area's actual characteristics. Although _________ use contour lines rather than colors to depict changes in the landscape and differences in elevation,

Display pertinent economic data for the nation or area in question. We can better visualize statistics by using these maps, such as GDP growth or unemployment rates.

Display the many roads, highways, or railroads in the region.

The province of Albay in the Philippines' Bicol region is home to the active stratovolcano known as ____, often referred to as Mount ____ and ________. A well-liked tourist destination, it is revered in Philippine mythology and is known for its "perfect cone" due to its symmetric conical shape.

In the Philippines, ________ is a sizable crater drained by _____ Lake. With 38 previous eruptions that were all focused on Volcano Island, at the center of ____ Lake, the volcano, which is situated in the province of Batangas, is the second-most active volcano in the nation. Two fish species that are unique to ____ Lake make the lake of international significance. These fish are oceanic species that are frequently used as food around the world and have adapted to this habitat of high sulfur yet fresh water.

With a height of 2,465 meters above sea level, _____, also known as Mount ____ and _____ Volcano, is an active stratovolcano and the highest mountain on the Philippine island of Negros as well as the highest point in the Visayas. The peak of Mount _____ is the 42nd-highest island in the world.

On the Philippine island of Luzon is a stratovolcano with the name of Mount ____, also referred to as ______ Volcano. Generally speaking, _______ is renowned for its abrupt, steam-driven or phreatic explosions. The fourth most active volcano in the Philippines after Mayon, Taal, and Kanlaon, it has erupted 15 times since 1885. It is situated in the province of Sorsogon in the Bicol Region, 390 kilometers southeast of Manila, the Philippine capital, and 70 kilometers southeast of Mayon Volcano.

A cinder cone on Babuyan Island, the northernmost of the Babuyan series of islands in the Luzon Strait, north of the main island of Luzon in the Philippines, is the ____ Volcano, also known as Mount Babuyan. One of the Philippines' active volcanoes, the mountain last erupted in 1924.

Philippines' youngest volcano. It is a stratovolcano on the Philippine island of Camiguin. It is a member of the Pacific ring of fire and one of the nation's active volcanoes.

The Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga are all in Central Luzon on the northern island of Luzon, and Mount _____ is an active stratovolcano in the Zambales Mountains. Before the pre-eruption volcanic activity of early 1991, most people were unaware of its eruptive history.

An active volcano called Musuan Peak or Mount Musuan, also called Mount Calayo, is located near MaramagBukidnon, on the Philippine island of Mindanao. It is located 81 kilometers (50 miles) southeast of Cagayan de Oro and 4.5 kilometers (2.8 mi) south of Valencia in the province of Bukidnon

On the Philippine island of Luzon, in the province of Camarines Sur, is Mount ____, an active stratovolcano. Hot springs and active fumaroles can be found on the mountain. It is 2,011.6 meters above the mean sea level. It is the tallest mountain covered in trees in Southern Luzon.

On the Philippine island of Luzon lies an active complex volcano called Mount _____. The three-peaked volcano is situated where the provinces of Quezon and Laguna meet. It dominates the landscape for kilometers around and is the tallest mountain in both the provinces and the Calabarzon region. In addition to numerous accounts of miraculous medical and spiritual healings, Mount ______ is thought to be a wellspring of mental energy and a spiritual mountain. As such it attracts a variety of mystics, psychics, faith healers, hermits, religious pilgrims and cults. Religious visitors are said to commune with mountain spirits.

With a height of 1.033 meters, Mount _______ is a dormant stratovolcano in the Philippine province of Pampanga on the island of Luzon. The volcano contains a smaller andesitic dome in the collapse amphitheater and a breached crater on its northwest side. The rich folklore of the Kapampangans is also birthed in _____. Locals respect this mountain as sacred and mysterious since it was once the residence of Apu Sinukuan, a competitor of Namalyari of Mount Pinatubo

On the Philippine island of Luzon, near the provinces of Laguna and Batangas is Mount _______, an inactive stratovolcano. The mountain is the highest peak of the Laguna Volcanic Field, rising to a height of 1,090 meters above mean sea level. In addition to serving as the source of the natural springs that are a prominent tourist destination in Los Baos, Mt. ______ is a significant watershed.

These four churches may be found in Manila, Santa Maria, Pacay, and Miag-ao. The first was constructed by the Spanish in the late 16th century. Chinese and Philippine artisans have reinterpreted European Baroque fo create their distinctive architectural design.

Vigan, which was founded in the sixteenth century, is Asia's best-preserved example of a planned Spanish colonial town. Its architecture displays the blending of cultural aspects from other parts of the Philippines, China, and Europe, creating a culture and townscape that are unique to East and South-East Asia.