Socio-cultural Anthropology

93問 • 1年前

問題一覧

is the study of association, group society, and social interaction and focuses on social organization, social institution and social problems

Sociology

is the study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics.

Anthropology

Among traditional communities, different stories of origin are told to the young explaining how members of their community are thought to have come into being.

Mythical

The lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestor

Evolution

God created the first human beings whom he named Adam and Eve. The two got children from whom all the people of the world descended.

Creation

Ape that lived from about 23 to 14 million years age during Miocene epoch. It has a bran larger that that of a monkey and it is considered to be the ancestor of ape and human.

Procunsul

A primate with hairy arms and legs of the same length, large brain, ate soft fruits and leaves, walked like gorillas and chimpanzees.

Ramapithecus

Bipedal primate that walks like apes woth small brains and long jaw. Their canine teeth were smaller than those found in apes, and their cheek were larger than those of modern humans.

Australopithecus

know as 'handyman' due to their use of stone tools. This is the first species to exhibit enlarge Broca's and Wilernicke's areas. They thus may have had the motor control that allowed more lingual activity.

Homo Habilis

A small and thin primate that is walking upright that has more primitive teeth. The species also had a large face compared to modern humans.

Homo Erectus

Have distinctive "modern" physical characteristics: a large rounded braincase, lack of a brow-ridge, a chin even in infancy and a narrow pelvis compared to other species in the Homo genus.

Homo Sapiens

Stages of Human Evolution

Procunsul Ramapithecus Australopithecus Homo Erectus Homo Habilis Homo Sapiens

Human Races

Australoid Caucasoid Negroid Mongoloid

the aboriginal people of Australia,. Melanesia, and parts of Southeast Asia. They are characterized as dolichocephalic which means that they are long-headed. They have black, curly and silky hair while some of them have staight hair. They have chocolate skin color, and their irises are black or brown.

Australoid

They are also found in Europe, North Africa and the Middle eastto North India, and characterized by pure white to rich brown skin, thin and high nose, medium lips, medium to tall stature, a long or broad head form. The hair is light blond to dark brown in color, of a fine texture, and straight or wavy.

Caucasoid

They are also known as Congoid, an obselete racial grouping of various people indigenous to Africa. They have particularly coiled hair and and very high melanin content giving them dark brown skin.

Negroid

Have an Asian ancestry with yellowish brown tinge skin colour consisting of straight and black hair, scanty body and facial hair, brachycephalic head woth concave or straight nose having low nasal root and bridge.

Mongoloid

group of people that is bind by any cultural identity.

Society

Theories of the origin of Society

Divine Origin Theory Force Theory Patriarchal Theory Social Contract Theory Evolutionary Theory

It says that God created the society and this led to Divine Right Theory asserting that monarch has given by God the right to rule.

Divine Origin Theory

The society originated in the subjugation of the weaker by the stronger. Thus, through physical coercion or compulsion men were brought together and made to live in society.

Force Theory

Society came from the expansion of family system held together by the authority and protection of the eldest male descendant'.

Patriarchal Theory

Men entered into a contract in virtue of which everyone, while uniting himself to all, remains as free as before. People live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior.

Social Contract Theory

Society is the result of a gradual evolution. It is continuous development from unorganized to organized, from less perfect to more perfect and various factors helped in its development from time to time. Kinship and family were the earliest bonds uniting man with man.

Evolutionary Theory

Evolution of Society

Pre-Industrial Industrial Post Industrial

Societies were small, rural, and dependent largely on local resources. Economic production was limited to the amount of labor a human being could provide. This was the time of Hunter-gatherer, Pastoral. Horticultural, Agricultural.

Pre-Industrial

Number of new inventions existed. Technology and productivity increased. Rooted in the production of material goods.

Industrial

Societies are based on the production of information and services. This is highly digital and driven by knowledge and not matérial goods, power lies with those in charge of storing and distributing information.

Post Industrial

Theories of Social Change

Consensus Theory Conflict Theory Interactionist Theory Structural Functionalism Theory

Believes that the institutions of society are working together to maintain social cohesion and stability. This theory assumes that the norms and values of society are generally agreed upon and that social life is based on cooperation rather than conflict.

Consensus Theory

This contends that competition for scarce resources is the reason civilization is constantly at war. According to _______, dominance and power, not agreement and conformity, preserve social order.

Conflict Theory

It states that individuals learn about society through interactions with other people, and that society as a whole is created by a multitude of individual interactions.

Interactionist Theory

This views society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society.

Structural Functionalism Theory

Relationship and Bonds

Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft

Often translated as "community," this notion refers to groups of people who are connected by shared values, frequently as a result of a common physical location and worldview.

Gemeinschaft

Often translated as "society." this word describes groups where membership is primarily motivated by self-interest. Relationships are businesslike, specialized, and impersonal.

Gesellschaft

Occurs when a person changes their occupation but their overall social standing remains unchanged.

Horizontal Social Mobility

The movement or displacement of individuals or groups from one social class to another. This may take the form of upward mobility or downward mobility.

Vertical Social Mobility

Any change in the status of family members between generations. This change can be either achieving a higher social status than the previous generation or dropping to a lower social status than the previous generation

Intergenerational

A person's social movements throughout his or her lifespan. This is in contrast to intergenerational mobility, which refers to social movement across different generations. Intragenerational mobility can be either horizontal or vertical

Intragenerational

Major Social Institution

Family School Religion Government Economy

Basic and smallest unit of society and its primary functions are reproduction, cultural transmission, and affection.

Family

Agent of socialization transmitting knowledge to give information and skills that people need to perform their role in society and succeed in life.

School

Promotes various social virtues serving as an agent of social control of behavior, promoting physical and psychological well-being motivating people to work for positive social change, giving meaning and purpose to life, and reinforcing social unity and stability.

Religion

The ruling body of a society, providing leadership. maintaining order, providing public services, providing national security providing economic security, and providing economic assistance.

Government

Organizes the production, distribution, and consumption of a society's goods and services.

Economy

Types of Families based on Composition

Nuclear Extended Blended Single Parent Empty Nest

The primary or elementary family, composed of the father, the mother and their children.

Nuclear

This family is generally composed of grandparents, married sons, their wives and children, and unmarried sons and daughters living together in one household.

Extended

A family of one or two previously separated man and woman with children from their first spouse who is now living "blending" together family.

Blended

A family comprised of a parent caregiver and one or more dependent children without the presence and support of a spouse.

Single Parent

A family of two elderly with children leaving the nuclear/ancestral household to build their own families.

Empty Nest

Types of Families based on Residence

Neolocal Patrilocal Matrilocal Ambilocal Avunculocal Amitalocal

Newly married having a new location. The couple sets up residence apart from the family of either bride or groom.

Neolocal

Requires the couple to reside in the groom's home. This specifies that a son stays with or near his family after marriage and his wife moves to where his family resides.

Partrilocal

The married couple required to take up residence with the bride's parents. This specifies that a daughter stays with or near her family after marriage and her husband moves to where her family resides.

Matrilocal

Newly married couple has the choice of living with or near the groom's or the bride's family. The couple may also live for a while with one set of parents and then move to live with the other.

Ambilocal

The couple lives with or near the husband's mother's brother

Avunculocal

The norm whereby wives take their husbands to the residence of the bride's father's sister.

Amitalocal

Types of Families based on Tracing Descent

Bilateral Matrilineal Patrilineal

Descent allows the children to trace their lineage through both the father and the mother.

Bilateral

Descent requires the children to trace their family line to the mother and mother's kin.

Matrilineal

Descent is traced through the father and kinship relations

Patrilineal

Types of Families based on Authority

Equalitarian or Egalitarian Patriarchal Matriarchal

The husband and wife both exercise equal authority, duties, and responsibilities.

Equalitarian or Egalitarian

The father or a male elder has absolute authority

Patriarchal

The mother or a fernale elder has absolute authority.

Matriarchal

Types of Families based on Marriage

Monogamy Polygamy Endogamy Exogamy

A couple with a single spouse or partner.

Monogamy

Having more than one spouse

Polygamy

means a wife having several husband

Polyandry

means a husband having several wives.

Polygyny

Marrying within one's ethnic, class, or social groups.

Endogamy

Marriage outside one's group.

Exogamy

Emile Durkheim's Four types of Suicide

Egoistic Altruistic Anomic Fatalistic

This is caused by a lack of social integration, committed by people unable to find their own place in society and who are social outcasts.

Egoistic

Occurs when social group participation is excessive. People give up their life for the good of the group or to fulfill their obligations.

Altruistic

Stems from sudden and unanticipated events. This happens when there is a lot of tension and dissatisfaction and is brought on by a lack of social regulation.

Anomic

Occurs when individuals are subject to strict regulation. These individuals are placed under extreme rules or high expectations are set upon them, which removes a person's sense of self or individuality.

Fatalistic

Types of Knowledge

Natural Knowledge Technological Knowledge Supernatural Knowledge Magical Knowledge

Accumulated facts about the natural world, including both the biological and physical aspects.

Natural Knowledge

Useful in dealing with practical problems

Technological Knowledge

Perceptions about the actions of gods. goddesses, demon, angels

Supernatural Knowledge

Perceptions about methods of influencing supernatural events by manipulating certain laws of nature.

Magical Knowledge

can be defined as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation. ______ has been called "the way of life for an entire society."

Culture

Duplication of culture

Imitation

Culture is formally taught

Indoctrination

Learning own culture for necessity

Enculturation

Learning other culture through long contacts

Acculturation

Learned through rewards and punishments

Conditioning

Intermarriage

Amalgamation

New mode of acquiring culture through exposure

Immersion

Fitting into the organized way of life

Socialization

倫理　一問一答

倫理　一問一答

単位認定試験　倫理

単位認定試験　倫理

HDA 5

HDA 5

The zoning format should contain the following information:

adrian.canson · 10問 · 1ヶ月前

The zoning format should contain the following information:

Quiz CLE

Quiz CLE

anyo

anyo

242

242

120/242

120/242

60/242

60/242

STS MOD 2

Jasmine Kelly Abejero · 36問 · 3ヶ月前

STS MOD 2

36問 • 3ヶ月前

Jasmine Kelly Abejero

مراجعة اجتماعيات تاسع 1

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مراجعة اجتماعيات تاسع 1

M#15-17

M#15-17

Rise of a Colony

Lorenzo Cokee · 15問 · 3ヶ月前

Rise of a Colony

PRE FI

PRE FI

Figure heads

Figure heads

LEA 3

LEA 3

CRIM 105 IDENTIFICATION

#100 · 24問 · 4ヶ月前

CRIM 105 IDENTIFICATION

24問 • 4ヶ月前

#100

CRIM 105 MULTIPLE CHOICE

#100 · 25問 · 4ヶ月前

CRIM 105 MULTIPLE CHOICE

25問 • 4ヶ月前

#100

HP1.3 - QP toàn dân, An ninh ND

Ngọc Ngân · 24問 · 4ヶ月前

HP1.3 - QP toàn dân, An ninh ND

CRIM 105 👾 WEEK 2&3

CRIM 105 👾 WEEK 2&3

問題一覧

is the study of association, group society, and social interaction and focuses on social organization, social institution and social problems

Sociology

is the study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics.

Anthropology

Among traditional communities, different stories of origin are told to the young explaining how members of their community are thought to have come into being.

Mythical

The lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestor

Evolution

God created the first human beings whom he named Adam and Eve. The two got children from whom all the people of the world descended.

Creation

Ape that lived from about 23 to 14 million years age during Miocene epoch. It has a bran larger that that of a monkey and it is considered to be the ancestor of ape and human.

Procunsul

A primate with hairy arms and legs of the same length, large brain, ate soft fruits and leaves, walked like gorillas and chimpanzees.

Ramapithecus

Bipedal primate that walks like apes woth small brains and long jaw. Their canine teeth were smaller than those found in apes, and their cheek were larger than those of modern humans.

Australopithecus

Homo Habilis

A small and thin primate that is walking upright that has more primitive teeth. The species also had a large face compared to modern humans.

Homo Erectus

Have distinctive "modern" physical characteristics: a large rounded braincase, lack of a brow-ridge, a chin even in infancy and a narrow pelvis compared to other species in the Homo genus.

Homo Sapiens

Stages of Human Evolution

Procunsul Ramapithecus Australopithecus Homo Erectus Homo Habilis Homo Sapiens

Human Races

Australoid Caucasoid Negroid Mongoloid

Australoid

Caucasoid

They are also known as Congoid, an obselete racial grouping of various people indigenous to Africa. They have particularly coiled hair and and very high melanin content giving them dark brown skin.

Negroid

Mongoloid

group of people that is bind by any cultural identity.

Society

Theories of the origin of Society

Divine Origin Theory Force Theory Patriarchal Theory Social Contract Theory Evolutionary Theory

It says that God created the society and this led to Divine Right Theory asserting that monarch has given by God the right to rule.

Divine Origin Theory

The society originated in the subjugation of the weaker by the stronger. Thus, through physical coercion or compulsion men were brought together and made to live in society.

Force Theory

Society came from the expansion of family system held together by the authority and protection of the eldest male descendant'.

Patriarchal Theory

Social Contract Theory

Evolutionary Theory

Evolution of Society

Pre-Industrial Industrial Post Industrial

Pre-Industrial

Number of new inventions existed. Technology and productivity increased. Rooted in the production of material goods.

Industrial

Post Industrial

Theories of Social Change

Consensus Theory Conflict Theory Interactionist Theory Structural Functionalism Theory

Consensus Theory

This contends that competition for scarce resources is the reason civilization is constantly at war. According to _______, dominance and power, not agreement and conformity, preserve social order.

Conflict Theory

It states that individuals learn about society through interactions with other people, and that society as a whole is created by a multitude of individual interactions.

Interactionist Theory

This views society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society.

Structural Functionalism Theory

Relationship and Bonds

Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft

Often translated as "community," this notion refers to groups of people who are connected by shared values, frequently as a result of a common physical location and worldview.

Gemeinschaft

Often translated as "society." this word describes groups where membership is primarily motivated by self-interest. Relationships are businesslike, specialized, and impersonal.

Gesellschaft

Occurs when a person changes their occupation but their overall social standing remains unchanged.

Horizontal Social Mobility

The movement or displacement of individuals or groups from one social class to another. This may take the form of upward mobility or downward mobility.

Vertical Social Mobility

Intergenerational

Intragenerational

Major Social Institution

Family School Religion Government Economy

Basic and smallest unit of society and its primary functions are reproduction, cultural transmission, and affection.

Family

Agent of socialization transmitting knowledge to give information and skills that people need to perform their role in society and succeed in life.

School

Religion

The ruling body of a society, providing leadership. maintaining order, providing public services, providing national security providing economic security, and providing economic assistance.

Government

Organizes the production, distribution, and consumption of a society's goods and services.

Economy

Types of Families based on Composition

Nuclear Extended Blended Single Parent Empty Nest

The primary or elementary family, composed of the father, the mother and their children.

Nuclear

This family is generally composed of grandparents, married sons, their wives and children, and unmarried sons and daughters living together in one household.

Extended

A family of one or two previously separated man and woman with children from their first spouse who is now living "blending" together family.

Blended

A family comprised of a parent caregiver and one or more dependent children without the presence and support of a spouse.

Single Parent

A family of two elderly with children leaving the nuclear/ancestral household to build their own families.

Empty Nest

Types of Families based on Residence

Neolocal Patrilocal Matrilocal Ambilocal Avunculocal Amitalocal

Newly married having a new location. The couple sets up residence apart from the family of either bride or groom.

Neolocal

Requires the couple to reside in the groom's home. This specifies that a son stays with or near his family after marriage and his wife moves to where his family resides.

Partrilocal

Matrilocal

Newly married couple has the choice of living with or near the groom's or the bride's family. The couple may also live for a while with one set of parents and then move to live with the other.

Ambilocal

The couple lives with or near the husband's mother's brother

Avunculocal

The norm whereby wives take their husbands to the residence of the bride's father's sister.

Amitalocal

Types of Families based on Tracing Descent

Bilateral Matrilineal Patrilineal

Descent allows the children to trace their lineage through both the father and the mother.

Bilateral

Descent requires the children to trace their family line to the mother and mother's kin.

Matrilineal

Descent is traced through the father and kinship relations

Patrilineal

Types of Families based on Authority

Equalitarian or Egalitarian Patriarchal Matriarchal

The husband and wife both exercise equal authority, duties, and responsibilities.

Equalitarian or Egalitarian

The father or a male elder has absolute authority

Patriarchal

The mother or a fernale elder has absolute authority.

Matriarchal

Types of Families based on Marriage

Monogamy Polygamy Endogamy Exogamy

A couple with a single spouse or partner.

Monogamy

Having more than one spouse

Polygamy

means a wife having several husband

Polyandry

means a husband having several wives.

Polygyny

Marrying within one's ethnic, class, or social groups.

Endogamy

Marriage outside one's group.

Exogamy

Emile Durkheim's Four types of Suicide

Egoistic Altruistic Anomic Fatalistic

This is caused by a lack of social integration, committed by people unable to find their own place in society and who are social outcasts.

Egoistic

Occurs when social group participation is excessive. People give up their life for the good of the group or to fulfill their obligations.

Altruistic

Stems from sudden and unanticipated events. This happens when there is a lot of tension and dissatisfaction and is brought on by a lack of social regulation.

Anomic

Fatalistic

Types of Knowledge

Natural Knowledge Technological Knowledge Supernatural Knowledge Magical Knowledge

Accumulated facts about the natural world, including both the biological and physical aspects.

Natural Knowledge

Useful in dealing with practical problems

Technological Knowledge

Perceptions about the actions of gods. goddesses, demon, angels

Supernatural Knowledge

Perceptions about methods of influencing supernatural events by manipulating certain laws of nature.

Magical Knowledge

Culture

Duplication of culture

Imitation

Culture is formally taught

Indoctrination

Learning own culture for necessity

Enculturation

Learning other culture through long contacts

Acculturation

Learned through rewards and punishments

Conditioning

Intermarriage

Amalgamation

New mode of acquiring culture through exposure

Immersion

Fitting into the organized way of life

Socialization