History and Discovery of Microorganisms

80問 • 4ヶ月前

HERSHEY VALERIE BERNARDINO

通報

問題一覧

Study of microscopic organisms

Microbiology

Unicellular - single cell

bacteria

Multicellular - cell colony

fungi & algae

Acellular - lacking cells

virus

Bio means

life

The first observers ( choose 2 )

Hooke

Observed cells on cork

Robert Hooke

Reported to the world that life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or “cells” that he was able to see using his improved version of a compound microscope.

Robert Hooke

His discovery marked the beginning of the "Cell Theory" stating that all living things are composed of cells.

Robert Hooke

Father of Microbiology

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Considered to be the first microbiologist

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

First to observe tiny living organisms and named them as "animalcules" through his single-lens microscope.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Spontaneous generation is the

Theory of Abiogenesis

The idea that living organisms could arise from non living matter

Theory of Abiogenesis

He performed an experiment on maggots to refute spontaneous generation.

Francesco Redi

Demonstrated that maggots appear on decaying meat only when flies are able to lay eggs on the meat.

Francesco Redi

He claimed that microbes developed spontaneously from the fluids.

John Needham

Claimed that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth and interpreted this as spontaneous generation.

John Needham

In contrast to the experiment done by Redi, he claimed that “vital force” is necessary for spontaneous generation to happen.

John Needham

He repeated the experiment by Needham to disprove spontaneous generation.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Suggested that Needham's results were due to microorganism in the air entering his broth.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Experimented using meat

Francesco Redi

Experimented using nutrient broth but opened flask

John Needham

Experimented using nutrient broth but closed flask

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Introduced the "Concept of Biogenisis" stating that living cells come from pre-existing cells.

Rudolf Virchow

He demonstrated that microbes are present in nonliving matter.

Louis Pasteur

Demonstrated that microorganisms are in the air everywhere and offered proof of biogenesis.

Louis Pasteur

A chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization.

Louis Pasteur

Performed the swan-neck experiment and invented the Pasteur pipet.

Louis Pasteur

His discoveries led to the development of aseptic techniques used in the laboratory and medicalmprocedures to prevent contamination by microorganisms that are in the air.

Louis Pasteur

Known as the major discovery era

Golden Age

Rapid advances in the science of microbiology were made between 1857 and 1914.

Golden Age

Pasteur found that ___ ferments sugars to alcohol

yeast

Pastuer found that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to ___

acetic acid

A heating process or sterilization technique used to kill bacteria in some alcoholic beverages and milk.

Pasteurization

Agostino Bassi and Pasteur showed a causal relationship between microorganisms and disease through the ____, which means that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

Germ Theory of Disease

He studied the silkworm disease called Muscardine and anticipated the work of Pasteur by 10 years in discovering that numerous diseases are caused by microorganisms.

Agostino Bassi

Father of Antiseptic Surgery

Joseph Lister

He introduced the use of a disinfectant, phenol or carbolic acid, to clean surgical dressings in order to control infections in humans.

Joseph Lister

phenol is also known as ___

carbolic acid

Proved that microorganisms cause disease.

Robert Koch

He used a sequence of procedures called Postulates, which are used today to prove that amparticular microorganism causes a particular disease

Robert Koch

Not all microorganism can be grown using artificial culture media because microorganisms like ___ need host to live.

viruses

In a vaccination, ____ (resistance to a particular disease) is conferred by inoculation with a vaccine

immunity

Father of Immunology

Edward Jenner

Used cowpox virus against smallpox

Edward Jenner

Demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox material provides humans with immunity from smallpox which led to the eradication of small pox, the world’s first vaccine.

Edward Jenner

The world's first vaccine was for the disease called __

smallpox

He discovered that avirulent bacteria could be used as a vaccine for fowl cholera; he coined the word vaccine

Louis Pasteur

Modern vaccines are prepared from living avirulent microorganisms or killed pathogens,mfrom isolated components of pathogens, and be recombinant DNA techniques.

true

Father of Handwashing

Ignaz Semmelweis

He strictly implemented the practice of washing of hands using chlorinated lime among all personnel to prevent the spread of infection

Ignaz Semmelweis

Other term for chlorinated lime

calcium hydroxide

He found a way to eradicate the bacterial spores that came to be known as “Fractional Sterilization"

John Tyndall

Fractional sterilization is also known as ___

Tyndallization

A process that allows the destruction of spores through the introduction of a gap between treatments.

Tyndallization

Resistant to high temperature

endospores

Used vegetative cells and proved that not all microorganisms die from one heating.

John Tyndall

Era known as the Dreams of a Magic Bullet

Birth of Modern Chemotherapy

A chemical treatment of a disease; it dreamt of a magic bullet that could destroy pathogenic microorganisms without damaging the infected animal or human.

chemotherapy

Chemotherapeutic agents chemically prepared in the laboratory

synthetic drugs

Chemotherapeutic agents or substances produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to inhibit the growth of other microorganisms

antibiotics

Introduced an arsenic-containing chemical called salvarsan to treat syphilis.

Paul Ehrlich

Also known as arsphenamine or compound 606 which is used to treat syphilis.

salvarsan

Observed that the mold (fungus) Penicillium inhibited the growth of a bacterial culture. He named the active ingredient as Penicillin.

Alexander Fleming

Has been used clinically as an antibiotic since the 1940s against streptococci, staphylococci, and other GN infections.

penicillin

Studied the pharmacological activity of Penicillin

Boris Chain & Howard Florey

Discovered Penicillin

Alexander Fleming

He discovered two antibiotics, tyrocidine and gramicidin, produced by the bacterium Bacillus.

Rene Dubos

Proposed a classification system for streptococci based on certain components in the cell walls of bacteria, allowing the classification of streptococci into serotypes.

Rebecca Lancefield

Rebecca Lancefield contributed in

Immunology

Dmitri Iwanowski contributed in

Virology

Wendell Stanley contributed in

Virology

Reported that the organism causing mosaic disease of tobacco was so small that it passed through filters fine enough to stop all known bacteria, known to be a virus at present.

Dmitri Iwanowski

Facilitated the study of viral structure ad chemistry.

Wendell Stanley

Demonstrated the relationship between genes and enzymes

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

Discovered that the genetic material could be transferred from one bacterium to another by a process called conjugation.

Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum

Proposed the double helical structure and replication of the DNA

James Watson and Francis Crick

Discovered messenger RNA, a chemical involved in protein synthesis, and later made the first major discoveries about regulation of gene function in bacteria.

Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod

Showed that fragments of human or animal DNA that code for important proteins (genes) can be attached to bacterial DNA. The resulting hybrid was the first example of recombinant DNA.

Paul Berg

examen Alexandru

ユーザ名非公開 · 40問 · 7日前

examen Alexandru

40問 • 7日前

ユーザ名非公開

Types of Microorganisms and Their Characteristics

HERSHEY VALERIE BERNARDINO · 39問 · 4ヶ月前

Types of Microorganisms and Their Characteristics

39問 • 4ヶ月前

HERSHEY VALERIE BERNARDINO

L.O. | The Threat Intelligence Cycle

The R.S.S.H Delivery Company · 40問 · 4ヶ月前

L.O. | The Threat Intelligence Cycle

40問 • 4ヶ月前

The R.S.S.H Delivery Company

4.1

Sab Sescon · 34問 · 4ヶ月前

4.1

34問 • 4ヶ月前

Sab Sescon

15 ) EX. 14 | COMPLETE

The R.S.S.H Delivery Company · 90問 · 6ヶ月前

15 ) EX. 14 | COMPLETE

90問 • 6ヶ月前

The R.S.S.H Delivery Company

BIO LESSON 2

Jamila Escudero · 27問 · 6ヶ月前

BIO LESSON 2

27問 • 6ヶ月前

Jamila Escudero

HPC 102 FINALS

Leah Jean Better · 27問 · 1年前

HPC 102 FINALS

27問 • 1年前

Leah Jean Better

Finals elective

Dasay Montes · 54問 · 1年前

Finals elective

research strategies

research strategies

chapter 18

chapter 18

awards and honours 2

Pratyasha Acharya · 37問 · 1年前

awards and honours 2

37問 • 1年前

Pratyasha Acharya

Enu2

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo · 23問 · 1年前

Enu2

23問 • 1年前

Sabrina Mikhaela Canindo

quiz éléments

ユーザ名非公開 · 53問 · 1年前

quiz éléments

53問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

test 1

Leslie Munoz Diaz · 86問 · 1年前

test 1

86問 • 1年前

Leslie Munoz Diaz

BIO - part 1

Claire Sadaya · 100問 · 1年前

BIO - part 1

100問 • 1年前

Claire Sadaya

chn quiz 1

Lawrence Nathan Corsiga · 29問 · 1年前

chn quiz 1

29問 • 1年前

Lawrence Nathan Corsiga

MAJORSHIP 2

Madelyn Carillo · 100問 · 1年前

MAJORSHIP 2

100問 • 1年前

Madelyn Carillo

Lynzey Bataller · 70問 · 1年前

70問 • 1年前

Lynzey Bataller

Enterobacteriaceae

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy · 39問 · 1年前

Enterobacteriaceae

39問 • 1年前

Tameyra Stefani Al-Suhairy

CropProt 01

Anne Ranay · 100問 · 1年前

CropProt 01

100問 • 1年前

Anne Ranay

問題一覧

Study of microscopic organisms

Microbiology

Unicellular - single cell

bacteria

Multicellular - cell colony

fungi & algae

Acellular - lacking cells

virus

Bio means

life

The first observers ( choose 2 )

Hooke

Observed cells on cork

Robert Hooke

Reported to the world that life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or “cells” that he was able to see using his improved version of a compound microscope.

Robert Hooke

His discovery marked the beginning of the "Cell Theory" stating that all living things are composed of cells.

Robert Hooke

Father of Microbiology

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Considered to be the first microbiologist

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

First to observe tiny living organisms and named them as "animalcules" through his single-lens microscope.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Spontaneous generation is the

Theory of Abiogenesis

The idea that living organisms could arise from non living matter

Theory of Abiogenesis

He performed an experiment on maggots to refute spontaneous generation.

Francesco Redi

Demonstrated that maggots appear on decaying meat only when flies are able to lay eggs on the meat.

Francesco Redi

He claimed that microbes developed spontaneously from the fluids.

John Needham

Claimed that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth and interpreted this as spontaneous generation.

John Needham

In contrast to the experiment done by Redi, he claimed that “vital force” is necessary for spontaneous generation to happen.

John Needham

He repeated the experiment by Needham to disprove spontaneous generation.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Suggested that Needham's results were due to microorganism in the air entering his broth.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Experimented using meat

Francesco Redi

Experimented using nutrient broth but opened flask

John Needham

Experimented using nutrient broth but closed flask

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Introduced the "Concept of Biogenisis" stating that living cells come from pre-existing cells.

Rudolf Virchow

He demonstrated that microbes are present in nonliving matter.

Louis Pasteur

Demonstrated that microorganisms are in the air everywhere and offered proof of biogenesis.

Louis Pasteur

A chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization.

Louis Pasteur

Performed the swan-neck experiment and invented the Pasteur pipet.

Louis Pasteur

His discoveries led to the development of aseptic techniques used in the laboratory and medicalmprocedures to prevent contamination by microorganisms that are in the air.

Louis Pasteur

Known as the major discovery era

Golden Age

Rapid advances in the science of microbiology were made between 1857 and 1914.

Golden Age

Pasteur found that ___ ferments sugars to alcohol

yeast

Pastuer found that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to ___

acetic acid

A heating process or sterilization technique used to kill bacteria in some alcoholic beverages and milk.

Pasteurization

Agostino Bassi and Pasteur showed a causal relationship between microorganisms and disease through the ____, which means that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

Germ Theory of Disease

He studied the silkworm disease called Muscardine and anticipated the work of Pasteur by 10 years in discovering that numerous diseases are caused by microorganisms.

Agostino Bassi

Father of Antiseptic Surgery

Joseph Lister

He introduced the use of a disinfectant, phenol or carbolic acid, to clean surgical dressings in order to control infections in humans.

Joseph Lister

phenol is also known as ___

carbolic acid

Proved that microorganisms cause disease.

Robert Koch

He used a sequence of procedures called Postulates, which are used today to prove that amparticular microorganism causes a particular disease

Robert Koch

Not all microorganism can be grown using artificial culture media because microorganisms like ___ need host to live.

viruses

In a vaccination, ____ (resistance to a particular disease) is conferred by inoculation with a vaccine

immunity

Father of Immunology

Edward Jenner

Used cowpox virus against smallpox

Edward Jenner

Demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox material provides humans with immunity from smallpox which led to the eradication of small pox, the world’s first vaccine.

Edward Jenner

The world's first vaccine was for the disease called __

smallpox

He discovered that avirulent bacteria could be used as a vaccine for fowl cholera; he coined the word vaccine

Louis Pasteur

Modern vaccines are prepared from living avirulent microorganisms or killed pathogens,mfrom isolated components of pathogens, and be recombinant DNA techniques.

true

Father of Handwashing

Ignaz Semmelweis

He strictly implemented the practice of washing of hands using chlorinated lime among all personnel to prevent the spread of infection

Ignaz Semmelweis

Other term for chlorinated lime

calcium hydroxide

He found a way to eradicate the bacterial spores that came to be known as “Fractional Sterilization"

John Tyndall

Fractional sterilization is also known as ___

Tyndallization

A process that allows the destruction of spores through the introduction of a gap between treatments.

Tyndallization

Resistant to high temperature

endospores

Used vegetative cells and proved that not all microorganisms die from one heating.

John Tyndall

Era known as the Dreams of a Magic Bullet

Birth of Modern Chemotherapy

A chemical treatment of a disease; it dreamt of a magic bullet that could destroy pathogenic microorganisms without damaging the infected animal or human.

chemotherapy

Chemotherapeutic agents chemically prepared in the laboratory

synthetic drugs

Chemotherapeutic agents or substances produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to inhibit the growth of other microorganisms

antibiotics

Introduced an arsenic-containing chemical called salvarsan to treat syphilis.

Paul Ehrlich

Also known as arsphenamine or compound 606 which is used to treat syphilis.

salvarsan

Observed that the mold (fungus) Penicillium inhibited the growth of a bacterial culture. He named the active ingredient as Penicillin.

Alexander Fleming

Has been used clinically as an antibiotic since the 1940s against streptococci, staphylococci, and other GN infections.

penicillin

Studied the pharmacological activity of Penicillin

Boris Chain & Howard Florey

Discovered Penicillin

Alexander Fleming

He discovered two antibiotics, tyrocidine and gramicidin, produced by the bacterium Bacillus.

Rene Dubos

Proposed a classification system for streptococci based on certain components in the cell walls of bacteria, allowing the classification of streptococci into serotypes.

Rebecca Lancefield

Rebecca Lancefield contributed in

Immunology

Dmitri Iwanowski contributed in

Virology

Wendell Stanley contributed in

Virology

Reported that the organism causing mosaic disease of tobacco was so small that it passed through filters fine enough to stop all known bacteria, known to be a virus at present.

Dmitri Iwanowski

Facilitated the study of viral structure ad chemistry.

Wendell Stanley

Demonstrated the relationship between genes and enzymes

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

Discovered that the genetic material could be transferred from one bacterium to another by a process called conjugation.

Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum

Proposed the double helical structure and replication of the DNA

James Watson and Francis Crick

Discovered messenger RNA, a chemical involved in protein synthesis, and later made the first major discoveries about regulation of gene function in bacteria.

Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod

Showed that fragments of human or animal DNA that code for important proteins (genes) can be attached to bacterial DNA. The resulting hybrid was the first example of recombinant DNA.

Paul Berg