BIO - part 1

通報

問題一覧

What is biology

study of life and living things

Bio means

life

Logos means

to study

The person who studies biology

biologist

Branches of Biology

Zoology botanist

Sub branches of Biology

Ecology anatomy physiology genetics evolution cytology microorganisms taxonomy

Deals with the identification, classification and nomenclature of living organism

taxonomy

Deals with the structure of organism and their body parts Deals with human body

anatomy

Deals with the normal function of living organism and their body parts

physiology

Deals with with the structure, composition and function cell

cytology

Deals with the transmission of heridetary characteristics from one generation to next generation

genetics

Study of various sequencial and development changes of the organism from the time of its origin

evolution

Study of interaction of organism with each other and with their environment

ecology

Primary building block of life

cells

Smallest cell

mycoplasma gallicepticum (0.3 manometer)

Largest cell

Ostrich egg (6 inches in diameter)

Example of cells

- Bacteria - red blood cells - nerve cell - columnar Epethial cell - skeletal muscle cell - fat cell - Smooth muscle cell - Skin cell - algae

Latin word of Cell

cella

Cell also called as _____

small room

Rooms in cell is called ______

light microscopes

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek ()

1674

Who observe the cell

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Who name "Very Little Animalcules" of cell

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Robert Brown ()

1831

who is the Scottish bonatist

Robert Brown (1831)

Describe the Nucleus present in the cell and orchids

Robert Brown

Who discover the cell

Robert Hooke (1665)

German Botanist

Mattias Schleiden

Mattias Schleiden ()

1838

Who discover that all parts of plant is composed of cells

Mattias Schleiden (1838)

Theodor Schwan ()

1839

Who prove that basic unit of animal tissue is cell

Theodor Schwan (1839)

Rodulf Virchow ()

1858

Prove that all cell come from free existing cell

Rodulf Virchow (1858)

3 cell theory

1. all organism is made up of cell 2. all life function of an organism happen within the cell 3. all cell come from other cell that is already existing

Are the different structure inside a cell that each have different jobs or function

organelles

Known as "security guard"

cell membrane

As it has small holes that let some molecules in but keep out any harmful molecules

cell membrane

Helps keep everything inside the cell protected

cell wall

The fluid that fill the cell

cytoplasm

Known as "control center"

nucleus

Controls growth and reproductions

nucleus

Can be found inside the nucleus

nucleolus

Convert sun energy of the sun into sugars

chloroplast

Also known as "Power house" Perform cellular respiration

Mitochondria

Turns combination of molecules into new, more complex molecules and then sends them out of the cell or stores them

Golgi apparatus

Important in the creation and storage of lipids

Smooth ER

Works with ribosomes attached to it to help with the synthesis and packing of proteins

ROUGH ER

Storage bubble that stores food nutrients the cell needs to survive

vacuole

Also known as "protein builders"

ribosomes

Small organelles that build long chains of amino acids for the cell

Ribosomes

Organelle that digest nutrients and helps break down toxic materials

peroxisome

Helps digest and break down food in the cell with the help of enzymes that are stored here

lysosome

Helps provide structure to the cell and also helps with cell devision

microtubules

Helps the cell divide during mitosis and meiosis

centrioles

Have larger Vacuole

plant cell

Only have cell membrane

animal cell

Have cell walls

plant cell

Process that accurs after cell division,

cell modification

3 types of cell modification

- Apical modification - lateral modification - basal modification

Accurs at the top of the cell

apical modification

Accurs at the side of the cell

lateral modification

Accurs at the bottom of the cell

basal modification

Types of Apical modification

- Pseudopods - Celia - Flagella - Villi - micro villi - Extra cellular matrix

Also known as "false feet"

pseudopods

Short hair like structure

Celia

Whip like modification

flagella

Finger like projections

Villi

Smaller protections

Micro villi

Compound secreted by the cell on its apical surface Plants cell that distinguishes them from animal cell

extra cellular matrix

Types of Lateral Modification

- Gap junction - Tight Junction - adhering junction

Also known as communicating junction

Gap Junction

Allows direct flow of molecules between cells

Gap junction

Held two adjacent cell tightly

tight junction

It anchors junction on the lateral surface of the cell

adhering junction

Types of Basal modification

Desmosomes / Hemidesmosomes

Rivit like links between cytoskeleton

Desmosomes/ Hemidesmosomes

Prokaryotic came from Greek word Pro - Karyo -

- before - kernel

Lack of true nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles

prokaryotic

Eukaryotic came from Greek word Eu- Karyo -

- true - kernel

Have true nucleus and internal membranes that compartmentalize cellular function

eukaryotic cell

Group of cells that have the same structure and function

tissues

4 basic types of Tissue

- Epithelial tissue - Connective tissue - muscle tissue - nervous tissue

Found throughout the body as covering of both internal and external surface

epithelial tissue

classified based on the layers of cells

epithelial tissue

One layer of cell

simple

More than one layer of cell

stratified

Gives wrong impression that there is more than 1 layer of cell

pseudostratifies

Connecting tissues to one another Supporting and moving Storing Cushioning and insulating Transporting Protecting

connective

4 types of connective tissue

blood connective tissue proper cartilage bone loose connective tissue

Transfort oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients waste products and other substances

blood

Loose packing and supporting for the structures with which it is associated

loose connective tissue

Types of cartilage

- Hyline cartilage - Fibrocartilage - Elastic Cartilage

Support and flexibility, forms smooth surface of joint

hyline cartilage

Flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure.

fibrocartilage

Provide regidity but more flexible than hyline cartilage because elastic fibers return to their normal shape

elastic cartilage

Provide great strength, support and protect internal organs

bone

Types of muscle tissue

- skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - cardiac muscle

Composed of long cells called muscle fibers that allow the body to move voluntarily or involuntary

Muscle Tissue

100

Voluntary movements of the body

Skeletal muscle

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