UTS 1

100問 • 1年前

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Is one of the disciplines used to gain a deeper understanding of oneself

psychology

It is a multifaceted and evolving discipline that has made remarkable progress in understanding human behavior, cognition, and emotional complexities

psychology

One of its fundamental areas of study revolves around understanding man's behavior through COGNITIVE and BEHAVIORAL explanations of the self

psychology

One of the fundamental areas of PSYCHOLOGY revolves around understanding man's behavior through ______ and ______ explanations of the self

cognitive and behavioral

It is by exploring how individuals perceive, interpret, and relate to their own identities through PSYCHOLOGIST'S explanations

psychology

From _______ early writings to the current research of well-known psychologists, the concept of the SELF has evolved through many methods and scopes

WILLIAM JAMES'

From WILLIAM JAMES' early writings to the current research of well-known psychologists, the concept of the _____ has evolved through many methods and scopes

SELF

In order to understand the self from a psychological perspective, it is essential to grasp the ______, as explained by the following psychological disciplines based on human behavior

multifaceted nature

What are the different viewpoints to understand the SELF from a psychological perspective

psychoanalytic viewpoint behaviorist viewpoint or behaviorism cognitive viewpoint humanistic viewpoint

What theory was developed by SIGMUND FREUD?

Psychoanalytic Theory

The PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY was developed by?

Sigmund Freud

What are the three types of consciousness?

conscious subconscious unconscious

Was developed by SIGMUND FREUD and studied the conscious, subconscious, and unconscious minds of people

Psychoanalytic theory

Each of which individually have an impact on a person's behavior and decision-making processes that make up the self

id ego superego

are three different, interacting agents in the psychic apparatus as Sigmund Freud summarized and defined it in his structural model of the psyche.

id ego superego

_____, embodied by figures such as B.F. SKINNER, focuses on observable behavior and conditioning.

BEHAVIORISM

BEHAVIORISM, embodied by figures such as ______, focuses on observable behavior and conditioning.

B.F. SKINNER

This viewpoint holds that the self is solely the result of ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI (external forces) and TRAINED REACTIONS (internal forces).

behaviorist viewpoint or behaviorism

BEHAVIORIST viewpoint holds that the self is solely the result of _______ (external forces) and _______ (internal forces).

ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI TRAINED REACTIONS

BEHAVIORIST viewpoint holds that the self is solely the result of ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI (______) and TRAINED REACTIONS (______).

external forces internal forces

The assumption is that the self learns his behavior through conditioning.

behaviorist viewpoint or behaviorism

The importance was shifted from behavior to internal mental processes by cognitive psychologists like ______ and ______.

JEAN PIAGET ALBERT BANDURA

They placed special importance on how people perceive and process information about themselves

cognitive viewpoint JEAN PIAGET and ALBERT BANDURA

Its main goal is to gain a cognitive understanding of the self by studying how people think through, solve, and make decisions

cognitive viewpoint

Two humanistic psychologists who took a more optimistic and growth-oriented approach when studying the self.

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

They placed a strong importance on personal development, self actualization, and the value of unique experiences within a given culture.

humanistic viewpoint ABRAHAM MASLOW and CARL ROGERS

Positive and growth-oriented perspectives on the self were adopted by humanistic psychologists such as ______

ABRAHAM MASLOW and CARL ROGERS

They emphasize the value of unique experiences within a given society, as well as self-actualization and personal development.

humanistic viewpoint ABRAHAM MASLOW and CARL ROGERS

______, a SWISS clinical psychologist is known for his pioneering child development work.

JEAN PIAGET

JEAN PIAGET, a _____ clinical psychologist is known for his pioneering child development work.

SWISS

He pioneered the "THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT"

Jean Piaget

Jean Piaget pioneered the "________"

THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

A comprehensive theory about the development of human intelligence.

THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

He wanted to know how children learn through the development in the study of knowledge.

JEAN PIAGET THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

JEAN PIAGET's theory is based on the idea that the developing child builds cognitive structures.

theory of cognitive development

He believed that the child's cognitive structure increases with development.

JEAN PIAGET THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Piaget's theory of infant development was based on his observations of his _____.

three children

Occurs in gradual and orderly changes that make the mental process more complex and sophisticated.

cognitive development

It means that the essential development of condition is the establishment of new schemes (_____).

schema

It means that the essential development of condition is the establishment of new ______.

schemes (schema)

Involves incorporating added information or experiences into existing mental structures or schemas.

assimilation

Involves modifying existing mental structures or schemas to fit current information or experiences.

accommodation

Is how children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding.

equilibriation

Ties assimilation and accommodation together by explaining how children actively construct their understanding of the world.

equilibration

Children actively construct their understanding of the world through the dynamic interplay of ASSIMILATING added information from existing schemas and ACCOMMODATING their schemas to fit added information, leading to ______

equilibriation cognitive equilibrium

What are the three processes of ADAPTATION?

assimilation accommodation equilibriation

What are the three essential components to Piaget's Cognitive Theory?

schema adaptation stages of cognitive development

Is our mental concept of what we expect from varied experiences and positions.

schema

This information helps individuals understand the world they live in.

schema

Are more refined psychological configurations that allow us to combine schemous rationally (reasonably).

operations

Are learned through interacting with others and environment.

schemas and operations

It involves the child's learning processes to act and meet situational demands to survive.

adaptation

They reflect the increasing sophistication of the child's thought processes.

stages of cognitive development

Piaget describes the two processes an individual must adopt.

assimilation and accommodation

Using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation.

assimilation

Here, the learner fits the new idea into what he already knows.

assimilation

For example, a 2-year-old child sees a man who is bald on top of his head with long, frizzy hair on the sides. To his father's horror, the toddler shouts "Clown, clown."

assimilation

Happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work and must be changed to deal with a new object or situation.

accommodation

The schema is altered; a new schema may be developed.

accommodation

Example; in the "clown" incident, the boy's father explained to his son that the man was not a clown and that his hair was like a clown's; who's not wearing a funny costume and wasn't doing silly things to make people laugh.

accommodation

Jean Piaget's ______ suggests that children move through four stages of intellectual development, reflecting the increasing sophistication of children's thoughts.

theory of cognitive development

What are the four stages of Cognitive Development?

Sensorimotor Pre-operational Concrete Operational Formal Operational

Ages of the Stages Of Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Pre-operational Concrete Operational Formal Operational

Sensorimotor Birth to 18-24 months old Pre-operational 2 to 7 years old Concrete Operational 7 to 11 years old Formal Operational Adolescence to adulthood

What is the goal of SENSORIMOTOR stage?

object permanence

What is the goal of PRE-OPERATIONAL stage?

symbolic thought

What is the goal of CONCRETE OPERATIONAL stage?

operational thought

What is the goal of FORMAL OPERATIONAL stage?

abstract concepts

Coordination of sense with motor responses, like sensory and curiosity about things.

Sensorimotor

Language starts to appear because they realize that words can be used to represent objects and feelings.

Sensorimotor

Separation anxiety develops during this stage.

Sensorimotor

In this stage, the child develops egocentrism, tone down, and learns to enjoy games with other children.

pre-operational

In PRE-OPERATIONAL stage, the child develops ______, tone down, and learns to enjoy games with other children.

egocentrism

Thus, imagination and intuition are strong, but complex abstract ideas are still difficult to understand.

pre-operational

The child develops conservation and demonstrates animism during this stage.

pre-operational

This concept is attached to concrete situations and begins to think logically about concrete events.

concrete operational

Whether it is time, space, and quantity, are understood and can think logically and can thus add and subtract.

concrete operational

The child also understands conservation, can mentally reverse things, and become less egocentric.

concrete operational

Children can deal with abstract ideas and reasoning.

formal operational

Strategy and planning become possible.

formal operational

It can follow the form of a logical argument without reference to its content.

formal operational

_______ is a Professor Emerita Of Psychology at the University Of Denver.

SUSAN HARTER, PH.D

SUSAN HARTER, PH.D is a ______ at the University Of Denver.

Professor Emerita Of Psychology

SUSAN HARTER, PH.D is a Professor Emerita Of Psychology at the ______.

University Of Denver

_____ is a prolific author of journal articles and book chapters, and her acclaimed book "THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SELF" provides an accessible account of her decades of research.

DR. HARTER

DR. HARTER is a prolific author of journal articles and book chapters, and her acclaimed book "_______" provides an accessible account of her decades of research.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SELF

Her contribution to the self development process is to revitalize the I-self to its unique place for regulating pathological conditions if there is a preoccupation with things that are considered a critical base for the cognitive developmental process of every individual that indeed hampers the individuals logical maturity.

SUSAN HARTER, PH.D

Implies that each period has a unique personal difference, and those personal backgrounds can lead to healthy self-development.

SUSAN HARTER PH

_____ can distract personal development, resulting in maladaptive outcomes or behaviors

Societal influences SUSAN HORTER PHD

The ______ is a self report scale, that measures a school age (8 years and older) child's sense of general software and self-competence in the domain of academic skills (Harter 1982, 1985)

SELF-PERCEPTION PROFILE FOR CHILDREN (SPPC)

The SELF-PERCEPTION PROFILE FOR CHILDREN (SPPC) is a self report scale, that measures a school age (______) child's sense of general software and self-competence in the domain of academic skills (Harter 1982, 1985)

8 years and older

The SELF-PERCEPTION PROFILE FOR CHILDREN (SPPC) is a self report scale, that measures a school age (8 years and older) child's sense of general software and self-competence in the domain of academic skills (______)

Harter 1982, 1985

______ claimed that during ADOLESCENCE, they develop more self-observation and self-reflection toward the environment and the people surrounding them.

DR. HARTER (2001)

DR. HARTER (2001) claimed that during ______, they develop more self-observation and self-reflection toward the environment and the people surrounding them.

ADOLESCENCE

During the _____, their self-concept becomes an organized method; the real self-concept and the possible selves become connected and integrated into a reasonably balanced structure (HARTER, 1990).

LATE ADOLESCENCE STAGE

During the LATE ADOLESCENCE STAGE, their self-concept becomes an organized method; the real self-concept and the possible selves become connected and integrated into a reasonably balanced structure (______).

HARTER, 1990

Psychologist, author, and professor ______ comprehensively discussed the initiation of self-concept.

DR. SUSAN HARTER (1999, 2015)

DR. SUSAN HARTER (1999, 2015) comprehensively discuss the initiation of self-concept and emphasize that the progress of each individual and changes that have been carefully observed across childhood, later childhood, and adolescence could be interpreted within the _______.

PIAGETIAN FRAMEWORK

What are the four stages of Development Of The Self-concept?

early childhood middle childhood adolescence emerging adulthood

Age range of stages of Harter's Self-development Concept:

early childhood 2 to 6-years-old middle childhood 7 to 11 years old adolescence 12 to 18 years old emerging adulthood 17 to 22 years old 28 to 33 years old

100

It describes the "SELF" in terms of concrete, observable characteristics, such as physical attributes, material possessions, behaviors, and preferences.

early childhood 2 to 6 years old

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