Ch. 19 Outline

16問 • 1年前

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A variety in the GI tract features limit digestive system infection. • A number of ___ limit what microbes may colonize the GI tract: - ___ in saliva - Acidity of ___ juices - ___ ___ kill many bacteria - ___ lining acts as a physical barrier preventing many microbes from attaching - Specific ___ cells and ___ tissue

barriers; lysozyme; gastric; bile salts; mucus; immune; lymphatic

Digestive System Microbiome • According to studies from the Human Microbiome Project: - There are ___ of different species that call our digestive tract home. • Normal gut ___ have essential roles in both our health and in disease - ___ available surfaces for colonization - ___ for nutrients - ___ antimicrobial products - ___ in digestion

thousands; microbiota; limit; compete; excrete; assist;

• Normal gut microbiota have essential roles in both our health and disease - ___ metabolism and obesity - ___ the development of depression and diseases (diabetes) - Trains and modulates ___ responses - Provides ___ for the body (E. Coli produces vitamin K)

impacts; affects; immune; nutrients

Clinical Vocab • ___: frequent passing of loose or watery stool • ___: inflammation of the intestines • ___: inflammation of the stomach •___: inflammation of the stomach and intestines • ___: diarrhea accompanied by pain, blood, and/or mucus

diarrhea; enteritis; gastritis; gastroenteritis; dysentery

Clinical Vocab •___: excessive loss of body fluid; may develop due to severe diarrhea and/or vomiting • ___: low blood volume due to loss of blood or severe dehydration; can lead to organ failure

dehydration; hypovolemic shock

Digestive system • Most intestinal pathogens that cause diarrhea or dysentery transmit via the ___-___ route • Most common means of fecal-oral transmission is contaminated ___ and ___ • All of us are exposed to some degree of ___ contamination in our daily lives • ___ washing, ___ management, ___ sanitation practices, and ___ processing regulation all help limit fecal-oral transmission

fecal-oral; food; water; fecal; hand; sewer; water; food

Digestive System • World-wide, ___ and ___ kill about 2.2 million people each year • Majority of deaths occur in children under ___ years old in developing nations

diarrhea; dysentery; five

Many viruses cause gastroenteritis • The immune system tends to mount a rapid and effective response to ___-___ viral infections • These illnesses are usually ___ rather than chronic - Sudden ___ of symptoms - Quickly ___ (usually within a few days)

GI-tract; acute; outset; resolve

Rotavirus (acute viral gastroenteritis) • Etiological agent - ___ • Characteristics - Leading cause of ___ in children under five years old

Rotavirus; enteritis

Rotavirus • Transmission - ___-___ transmission - contaminated ___ (doorknobs) • Complications - ___

fecal-oral; fomites; dehydration

Norovirus (acute viral gastroenteritis) • Etiological agent - ___ - “cruise ship virus” • Characteristics - Leading cause of acute viral ___ in the U.S. - ___ of all outbreaks occur in long term-care facilities

norovirus; gastroenteritis; >50%

Norovirus • Transmission - ID 50 of all viral particles - Feces and vomit spread via the ___-___ route • Signs and symptoms - Develop within ___-___ hours - Acute ___ and projectile ___ lasting 36-72 hours

fecal-oral; 12-48; diarrhea; vomiting

Bacteria are common causes of food borne illnesses • CDC estimates that each year 1 in 6 Americans suffer from a ___-___ illness • There are ___ characterized pathogens that are known to cause food-borne illness • Majority of food-borne illness are due to ___ contamination in food and water

food-borne; 31; fecal

• Food-borne illness can be sorted into - ___-___ infection - ___ poisoning (food intoxication)

food-borne; food

Helicobacter pylori can cause gastritis and stomach ulcers • Etiological agent - ___ ___ • Characteristics - CDC estimates ~60% of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori

heliobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori • Transmission - ___-___ route • Signs and Symptoms - Many are ___ - Symptomatic individuals may develop: - ___ - ___ - ___ pain due to gastritis - stools tinged with ___

fecal-oral; asymptomatic; belching; vomiting; abdominal; blood

Spanish - A (Part 1)

ava studios · 100問 · 2年前

Spanish - A (Part 1)