a process; consists of recognizing and analyzing the cues, prioritizing hypotheses, generating solutions, taking actions, and evaluating outcomes

licensed nurse, paired with a nursing assistant or assistive personal assigned to a group of clients

primary healthcare providers, clinics, diagnostic centers, preventing illness and promoting illness prevention activities

Helps public understand value of nursing, Helps differentiate activities of nursing from those of medicine, Helps students understand what’s expected of them

Process reviews, Outcome reviews, Structure reviews

consists of collecting and analyzing info and carefully considering options for action

Novice, Advanced beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert

“The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems.”

one to one care, used in intensive care units, labor delivery, and private duty

Health promotion, Illness prevention, Health restoration, End-of-Life care

Programs offered at the worksite

one nurse manages to care for a group of clients

“Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatments of human responses, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.”

Nurse practice acts, State board of nursing, Standards of practice

National economy, Growing proportion of older adults in the U.S., Changes in healthcare consumer, Legislation, Women’s movement, Collective bargaining

American Nurses Association (ANA), National League for Nursing (NLN), International Council of Nurses (ICN), National Student Nurses’ Association (NSNA), Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI), Specialty

considers an issue and attempts to find a satisfactory outcome

Technical and scientific knowledge; be evaluated by a community of peers; have a service orientation and a code of ethics (Starr, 1982)

Individual, Individual private insurance, Employment-based private insurance, Government (Medicare/DRGs and Medicaid), Charitable organizations

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), Preferred provider organizations (PPOs), Point of service (POS), Integrated delivery systems (IDNs)

Increased use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), Expanded variety of care locations, Interprofessional collaboration, Expanded career roles for nurses, Increased use of unlicensed assistive personnel, Influence of nurses on health policy, Divergence between high-tech and high-touch

Nursing is often described as an occupation or job, Most nurses are hourly wage earners, The employer, not the nurse, decides the conditions of practice and the nature of the work, Nurse practice acts do not prevent nurses from functioning more autonomously

Physicians (MDs or DOs), Advanced practice nurses (APNs)/nurse practitioners (NPs), Physician assistants (PAs), RNs and LPNs, Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs), Pharmacists, Therapists

Diploma programs (3-year program, hospital-based), Associate degree programs (2-year program, community college), Baccalaureate degree programs (8 semesters, colleges, and universities), RN to BSN program (Associate degree to BSN degree), Master’s (2 years, must have baccalaureate degree first), Doctorate

acute care (the goal is to prevent deterioration and restore health), long-term support services (encompass “human assistance, assistive technologies and devices, environmental modifications, care and service coordination” on a regular or intermittent basis, Hospitals, Extended care facility (assisted living facilities and rehabs), Ambulatory care centers, Home healthcare agencies, Community or public health centers

Nursing practice is individualized, Nurses care by establishing partnerships , Caring is central to the practice of the RN, RNs use the nursing process to plan and provide individualized care to the healthcare consumers, A strong link exists between the professional work environment and the RN’s ability to provide quality healthcare and achieve optimal outcomes

Individuals (referred to as patients, clients, persons), Groups, Families, Communities, Types of care (Direct and Indirect)

Standardizing education requirements, Uniform continuing educational requirements , Increased participation of nurses in professional organizations, Educating the public about the true nature of nursing practice

Smartphones, computers, and the internet, Mobile care units, Convenience care and retail clinics, Urgent care, Freestanding emergency departments, Work-based clinics, Primary care clinics, Specialty care and high-tech centers

home, outpatient settings, rehab, hospice, long term rehab or care for dying

Nursing is the scientifically based and self-governed profession that focuses on the ethical care of others, Nursing is a discipline, driven by aspects of theory and practice, Nursing demands mastery of both theoretical knowledge and clinical skills

surgery centers, offices, outpatient centers, early diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, and injury

individual nurses with specific and similar expertise are put together to take care of clients

each task assigned to a staff member with the appropriate knowledge and skills

Professional strategy to maintain current clinical knowledge, Many states require CE courses for renewal of a nursing license

Critical-thinking skills, Caring and compassionate, Detail-oriented, Organizational skills, Speaking skills, Listening skills, Patience, Competence, Emotional stability, Physical stamina