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Pharmacology

Anesthesia pharmacology

Pharmacology
46問 • 1年前Anesthesia pharmacology
  • ユーザ名非公開
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Choose the correct loading dose equation:

    (Vd x desired cp) / biovailabilty

  • 2

    A drug with a Vd that exceeds TBW >0.6L/kg is assumed to be

    lipophilic

  • 3

    Choose the 2 answers that correctly describe hydrophilic drugs:

    Distributes into the total body water, but it does not distribute into fat, Requires a lower dose to achieve a given plasma concentration

  • 4

    How much water dose Total Body contain? (L)

    42

  • 5

    How much water does the ECF contain? (L)

    14

  • 6

    How much water does the ICF contain? (L)

    28

  • 7

    How much water does the plasma volume contain? (L)

    4

  • 8

    How much water does the interstitial fluid contain? (L)

    10

  • 9

    Clearance is directly proportional to:

    Blood flow to clearing organ, Extraction ratio

  • 10

    Steady state is achieved after how many half-lives?

    5

  • 11

    The time it takes 50% of the drug to be removed from the plasma during elimination phase:

    Elimination Half-time

  • 12

    What is the “context” in context-sensitive half-time?

    Duration of infusion

  • 13

    A drug that is a weak ____ will donate a proton to water

    Acid

  • 14

    The non-ionized fraction predominates if: (choose 2)

    The molecule is a weak base, and the pH of the solution is > the pka of the drug, The molecule is a weak acid, and the pH of the solution is < pka of the drug

  • 15

    Which circumstance creates the STRONGEST gradient for the passage of local anesthetic from mother to the fetus?

    Maternal alkalosis and fetal acidosis

  • 16

    How is the volume of distribution affected when plasma protein binding increases?

    Decreases

  • 17

    Which process is a phase 2 reaction?

    Conjugation

  • 18

    Choose which belong to a phase 1 reaction:

    Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis

  • 19

    Identify drugs that undergo perfusion-dependent hepatic elimination: (3)

    Fentanyl, Lidocaine, Propofol

  • 20

    Co-administration of which drug reduces the observed potency of codeine?

    Fluoxetine

  • 21

    Which enzyme is considered the most important in the cytochrome P450 system?

    CYP 3A4

  • 22

    Which of the following describes an Enzyme Inducer accurately?

    Decreased drug plasma level

  • 23

    SSRI’s, Omeprazole, and Erythromycin are:

    Enzyme Inhibitors

  • 24

    Which of the following are organic anion transporters (OAT)?

    Furosemide, Thiazide Diuretics, Penicillin

  • 25

    Which of the statements regarding Basic Urine is true?

    Excretes acidic drugs

  • 26

    Choose the two that acidify urine:

    Ammonium Chloride, Cranberry Juice

  • 27

    Identify the drugs that are metabolized by nonspecific plasma esterases (3)

    Esmolol, Remifentanil, Atracurium

  • 28

    Drugs with an ester linkage are MOST susceptible to which type of metabolism?

    Hydrolysis

  • 29

    Which drugs may exhibit increased potency in a patient who frequently drinks grapefruit?

    Midazolam, Fentanyl

  • 30

    Pharmacodynamics is the study of:

    Effect site concentration and clinical effect

  • 31

    Which of the following are related to pharmacodynamics?

    Potency, ED50, Antagonist

  • 32

    The X-axis on the dose responsive curve correlates with:

    The dose required to achieve a given effect

  • 33

    A left shift on the dose-responsive curve indicates: (choose 3)

    Increased affinity for receptor, Higher potency, Lower dose required

  • 34

    Once the plateau phase is reached, additional drug does not produce additional effect.

    True

  • 35

    Choose the true statements regarding Propofol:

    Onset: 30-60 seconds, Decreased respiratory drive, GABA-A agonist

  • 36

    Stimulating GABA-A receptors increases the influx of which ion to reduce the resting membrane potential?

    Chloride

  • 37

    Propofol infusion syndrome is categorized by the presence of: (2)

    Bradycardia, Metabolic acidosis

  • 38

    Which preservative in propofol formulations should be avoided in infants?

    Benzyl alcohol

  • 39

    Ketamine: (3)

    Causes emergence delirium, Relieves somatic pain, Increases the CMRO2

  • 40

    Central nervous system effects of Etomidate include:

    Myoclonus, Decreased ICP

  • 41

    Which drug should be avoided in patients with acute adrenal failure due to its inhibition of 11-beta-hydroxylase?

    Etomidate

  • 42

    Which anesthetic agent produces sedation the MOST closely resembles natural sleep?

    Dexmedetomidine

  • 43

    Which of the following are true regarding Dexmedetomidine?

    Onset: 10-20 min, Preserved respiratory drive, Alpha-2 agonist

  • 44

    What is the initial IV dosage for Flumazenil to reverse benzodiazepines? (Numerical only of mg)

    0.2

  • 45

    Choose the BEST medication to reduce the risk of emergence delirium in the patient who has received ketamine:

    Midazolam

  • 46

    Which anesthetic agent changes from a water-soluble drug to a lipid-soluble drug after intravenous injection?

    Midazolam

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Choose the correct loading dose equation:

    (Vd x desired cp) / biovailabilty

  • 2

    A drug with a Vd that exceeds TBW >0.6L/kg is assumed to be

    lipophilic

  • 3

    Choose the 2 answers that correctly describe hydrophilic drugs:

    Distributes into the total body water, but it does not distribute into fat, Requires a lower dose to achieve a given plasma concentration

  • 4

    How much water dose Total Body contain? (L)

    42

  • 5

    How much water does the ECF contain? (L)

    14

  • 6

    How much water does the ICF contain? (L)

    28

  • 7

    How much water does the plasma volume contain? (L)

    4

  • 8

    How much water does the interstitial fluid contain? (L)

    10

  • 9

    Clearance is directly proportional to:

    Blood flow to clearing organ, Extraction ratio

  • 10

    Steady state is achieved after how many half-lives?

    5

  • 11

    The time it takes 50% of the drug to be removed from the plasma during elimination phase:

    Elimination Half-time

  • 12

    What is the “context” in context-sensitive half-time?

    Duration of infusion

  • 13

    A drug that is a weak ____ will donate a proton to water

    Acid

  • 14

    The non-ionized fraction predominates if: (choose 2)

    The molecule is a weak base, and the pH of the solution is > the pka of the drug, The molecule is a weak acid, and the pH of the solution is < pka of the drug

  • 15

    Which circumstance creates the STRONGEST gradient for the passage of local anesthetic from mother to the fetus?

    Maternal alkalosis and fetal acidosis

  • 16

    How is the volume of distribution affected when plasma protein binding increases?

    Decreases

  • 17

    Which process is a phase 2 reaction?

    Conjugation

  • 18

    Choose which belong to a phase 1 reaction:

    Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis

  • 19

    Identify drugs that undergo perfusion-dependent hepatic elimination: (3)

    Fentanyl, Lidocaine, Propofol

  • 20

    Co-administration of which drug reduces the observed potency of codeine?

    Fluoxetine

  • 21

    Which enzyme is considered the most important in the cytochrome P450 system?

    CYP 3A4

  • 22

    Which of the following describes an Enzyme Inducer accurately?

    Decreased drug plasma level

  • 23

    SSRI’s, Omeprazole, and Erythromycin are:

    Enzyme Inhibitors

  • 24

    Which of the following are organic anion transporters (OAT)?

    Furosemide, Thiazide Diuretics, Penicillin

  • 25

    Which of the statements regarding Basic Urine is true?

    Excretes acidic drugs

  • 26

    Choose the two that acidify urine:

    Ammonium Chloride, Cranberry Juice

  • 27

    Identify the drugs that are metabolized by nonspecific plasma esterases (3)

    Esmolol, Remifentanil, Atracurium

  • 28

    Drugs with an ester linkage are MOST susceptible to which type of metabolism?

    Hydrolysis

  • 29

    Which drugs may exhibit increased potency in a patient who frequently drinks grapefruit?

    Midazolam, Fentanyl

  • 30

    Pharmacodynamics is the study of:

    Effect site concentration and clinical effect

  • 31

    Which of the following are related to pharmacodynamics?

    Potency, ED50, Antagonist

  • 32

    The X-axis on the dose responsive curve correlates with:

    The dose required to achieve a given effect

  • 33

    A left shift on the dose-responsive curve indicates: (choose 3)

    Increased affinity for receptor, Higher potency, Lower dose required

  • 34

    Once the plateau phase is reached, additional drug does not produce additional effect.

    True

  • 35

    Choose the true statements regarding Propofol:

    Onset: 30-60 seconds, Decreased respiratory drive, GABA-A agonist

  • 36

    Stimulating GABA-A receptors increases the influx of which ion to reduce the resting membrane potential?

    Chloride

  • 37

    Propofol infusion syndrome is categorized by the presence of: (2)

    Bradycardia, Metabolic acidosis

  • 38

    Which preservative in propofol formulations should be avoided in infants?

    Benzyl alcohol

  • 39

    Ketamine: (3)

    Causes emergence delirium, Relieves somatic pain, Increases the CMRO2

  • 40

    Central nervous system effects of Etomidate include:

    Myoclonus, Decreased ICP

  • 41

    Which drug should be avoided in patients with acute adrenal failure due to its inhibition of 11-beta-hydroxylase?

    Etomidate

  • 42

    Which anesthetic agent produces sedation the MOST closely resembles natural sleep?

    Dexmedetomidine

  • 43

    Which of the following are true regarding Dexmedetomidine?

    Onset: 10-20 min, Preserved respiratory drive, Alpha-2 agonist

  • 44

    What is the initial IV dosage for Flumazenil to reverse benzodiazepines? (Numerical only of mg)

    0.2

  • 45

    Choose the BEST medication to reduce the risk of emergence delirium in the patient who has received ketamine:

    Midazolam

  • 46

    Which anesthetic agent changes from a water-soluble drug to a lipid-soluble drug after intravenous injection?

    Midazolam