問題一覧
1
Choose the correct loading dose equation:
(Vd x desired cp) / biovailabilty
2
A drug with a Vd that exceeds TBW >0.6L/kg is assumed to be
lipophilic
3
Choose the 2 answers that correctly describe hydrophilic drugs:
Distributes into the total body water, but it does not distribute into fat , Requires a lower dose to achieve a given plasma concentration
4
How much water dose Total Body contain? (L)
42
5
How much water does the ECF contain? (L)
14
6
How much water does the ICF contain? (L)
28
7
How much water does the plasma volume contain? (L)
4
8
How much water does the interstitial fluid contain? (L)
10
9
Clearance is directly proportional to:
Blood flow to clearing organ, Extraction ratio
10
Steady state is achieved after how many half-lives?
5
11
The time it takes 50% of the drug to be removed from the plasma during elimination phase:
Elimination Half-time
12
What is the “context” in context-sensitive half-time?
Duration of infusion
13
A drug that is a weak ____ will donate a proton to water
Acid
14
The non-ionized fraction predominates if: (choose 2)
The molecule is a weak base, and the pH of the solution is > the pka of the drug , The molecule is a weak acid, and the pH of the solution is < pka of the drug
15
Which circumstance creates the STRONGEST gradient for the passage of local anesthetic from mother to the fetus?
Maternal alkalosis and fetal acidosis
16
How is the volume of distribution affected when plasma protein binding increases?
Decreases
17
Which process is a phase 2 reaction?
Conjugation
18
Choose which belong to a phase 1 reaction:
Oxidation , Reduction , Hydrolysis
19
Identify drugs that undergo perfusion-dependent hepatic elimination: (3)
Fentanyl , Lidocaine , Propofol
20
Co-administration of which drug reduces the observed potency of codeine?
Fluoxetine
21
Which enzyme is considered the most important in the cytochrome P450 system?
CYP 3A4
22
Which of the following describes an Enzyme Inducer accurately?
Decreased drug plasma level
23
SSRI’s, Omeprazole, and Erythromycin are:
Enzyme Inhibitors
24
Which of the following are organic anion transporters (OAT)?
Furosemide , Thiazide Diuretics , Penicillin
25
Which of the statements regarding Basic Urine is true?
Excretes acidic drugs
26
Choose the two that acidify urine:
Ammonium Chloride , Cranberry Juice
27
Identify the drugs that are metabolized by nonspecific plasma esterases (3)
Esmolol , Remifentanil , Atracurium
28
Drugs with an ester linkage are MOST susceptible to which type of metabolism?
Hydrolysis
29
Which drugs may exhibit increased potency in a patient who frequently drinks grapefruit?
Midazolam , Fentanyl
30
Pharmacodynamics is the study of:
Effect site concentration and clinical effect
31
Which of the following are related to pharmacodynamics?
Potency , ED50, Antagonist
32
The X-axis on the dose responsive curve correlates with:
The dose required to achieve a given effect
33
A left shift on the dose-responsive curve indicates: (choose 3)
Increased affinity for receptor , Higher potency , Lower dose required
34
Once the plateau phase is reached, additional drug does not produce additional effect.
True
35
Choose the true statements regarding Propofol:
Onset: 30-60 seconds , Decreased respiratory drive , GABA-A agonist
36
Stimulating GABA-A receptors increases the influx of which ion to reduce the resting membrane potential?
Chloride
37
Propofol infusion syndrome is categorized by the presence of: (2)
Bradycardia , Metabolic acidosis
38
Which preservative in propofol formulations should be avoided in infants?
Benzyl alcohol
39
Ketamine: (3)
Causes emergence delirium, Relieves somatic pain, Increases the CMRO2
40
Central nervous system effects of Etomidate include:
Myoclonus, Decreased ICP
41
Which drug should be avoided in patients with acute adrenal failure due to its inhibition of 11-beta-hydroxylase?
Etomidate
42
Which anesthetic agent produces sedation the MOST closely resembles natural sleep?
Dexmedetomidine
43
Which of the following are true regarding Dexmedetomidine?
Onset: 10-20 min , Preserved respiratory drive, Alpha-2 agonist
44
What is the initial IV dosage for Flumazenil to reverse benzodiazepines? (Numerical only of mg)
0.2
45
Choose the BEST medication to reduce the risk of emergence delirium in the patient who has received ketamine:
Midazolam
46
Which anesthetic agent changes from a water-soluble drug to a lipid-soluble drug after intravenous injection?
Midazolam