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Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
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  • 問題数 28 • 6/10/2024

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Which leads give us an ischemic detection rate up to 96%

    Lead II, V4, V5

  • 2

    Which cardiac biomarker is least sensitive for MI?

    CK-MB

  • 3

    What are the 3 best EKG leads to monitor intraoperative ST changes?

    V3 , V4 , V5

  • 4

    Ventricular compliance is determined by which equation?

    Ventricular Volume / Ventricular Pressure

  • 5

    ______ filling pressures are required to prime the poorly compliant ventricle

    Higher

  • 6

    Which of these increase myocardial compliance?

    Aortic Insufficiency , Dilated Cardiomyopathy

  • 7

    Which is a compensatory mechanism in a patient with CHF?

    Increased sympathetic tone

  • 8

    Which of these is not correct regarding physiologic adaptations with heart failure?

    Up-regulation of Beta receptors

  • 9

    Which of the two most commonly causes hypertension?

    Elevated SVR

  • 10

    Hypertensive patients are ______ contracted, and agents that cause myocardial depression and vasodilation will expose this state

    Volume

  • 11

    Select the two options that can be used to reverse the vasoplegia produced by ACEI/ARBs

    Vasopressin , Methylene Blue

  • 12

    What is the most common cause of secondary HTN?

    Renal artery stenosis

  • 13

    Which antihypertensive class will lower BP from vasodilation and decreased SVR?

    A1 antagonist

  • 14

    Choose the 2 drug types that target myocardium and vascular smooth muscle

    Calcium channel blockers, Arteriodilators

  • 15

    Thiazide diuretics works by:

    Inhibiting Na-Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule

  • 16

    All clinically used CCB’s bind to the alpha 1 subunit of which voltage gates calcium channels?

    L-type

  • 17

    In order from highest to lowest, rank the ability for these CCBs to impair contractility:

    Verapamil, Nifedipine , Diltiazem, Nicardipine

  • 18

    Identify the 2 anesthetic considerations for constrictive pericarditis:

    Kussmaul’s sign is usually present , Bradycardia should be avoided

  • 19

    Antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is NOT required for which pts?

    Unrepaired cardiac valve disease , CABG, Coronary stent placement

  • 20

    Choose the following procedures that are considered “dirty” where the risk of transient bacteremia is higher:

    Dental work involving gingival manipulation , Biopsy of infective lesions on skin or muscle , Respiratory procedures

  • 21

    Which interventions is MOST likely to precipitate hemodynamic instability in the patient with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

    Nitroglycerin

  • 22

    What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?

    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • 23

    Choose the names for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

    Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM), Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)

  • 24

    Priming the cardiopulmonary bypass machine with a balanced salt solution reduces all of the following EXCEPT:

    Microvascular flow

  • 25

    Which pump is preferred for cardiopulmonary bypass?

    Centrifugal Pump

  • 26

    Which cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator is preferred?

    Membrane oxygenator

  • 27

    Essentially, 1mg of protamine how many units of heparin?

    100

  • 28

    What should the ACT be greater than to be considered adequate heparinization for bypass?

    400