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問題一覧
1
Which leads give us an ischemic detection rate up to 96%
Lead II, V4, V5
2
Which cardiac biomarker is least sensitive for MI?
CK-MB
3
What are the 3 best EKG leads to monitor intraoperative ST changes?
V3 , V4 , V5
4
Ventricular compliance is determined by which equation?
Ventricular Volume / Ventricular Pressure
5
______ filling pressures are required to prime the poorly compliant ventricle
Higher
6
Which of these increase myocardial compliance?
Aortic Insufficiency , Dilated Cardiomyopathy
7
Which is a compensatory mechanism in a patient with CHF?
Increased sympathetic tone
8
Which of these is not correct regarding physiologic adaptations with heart failure?
Up-regulation of Beta receptors
9
Which of the two most commonly causes hypertension?
Elevated SVR
10
Hypertensive patients are ______ contracted, and agents that cause myocardial depression and vasodilation will expose this state
Volume
11
Select the two options that can be used to reverse the vasoplegia produced by ACEI/ARBs
Vasopressin , Methylene Blue
12
What is the most common cause of secondary HTN?
Renal artery stenosis
13
Which antihypertensive class will lower BP from vasodilation and decreased SVR?
A1 antagonist
14
Choose the 2 drug types that target myocardium and vascular smooth muscle
Calcium channel blockers, Arteriodilators
15
Thiazide diuretics works by:
Inhibiting Na-Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
16
All clinically used CCB’s bind to the alpha 1 subunit of which voltage gates calcium channels?
L-type
17
In order from highest to lowest, rank the ability for these CCBs to impair contractility:
Verapamil, Nifedipine , Diltiazem, Nicardipine
18
Identify the 2 anesthetic considerations for constrictive pericarditis:
Kussmaul’s sign is usually present , Bradycardia should be avoided
19
Antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis is NOT required for which pts?
Unrepaired cardiac valve disease , CABG, Coronary stent placement
20
Choose the following procedures that are considered “dirty” where the risk of transient bacteremia is higher:
Dental work involving gingival manipulation , Biopsy of infective lesions on skin or muscle , Respiratory procedures
21
Which interventions is MOST likely to precipitate hemodynamic instability in the patient with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Nitroglycerin
22
What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
23
Choose the names for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM), Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)
24
Priming the cardiopulmonary bypass machine with a balanced salt solution reduces all of the following EXCEPT:
Microvascular flow
25
Which pump is preferred for cardiopulmonary bypass?
Centrifugal Pump
26
Which cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator is preferred?
Membrane oxygenator
27
Essentially, 1mg of protamine how many units of heparin?
100
28
What should the ACT be greater than to be considered adequate heparinization for bypass?
400