問題一覧
1
How many fluorine atoms does Isoflurane have?
5
2
How many fluorine atoms does Desflurane have?
6
3
How many fluorine atoms does Sevoflurane have?
7
4
What correlates with potency of our inhalational gases?
Oil:gas solubility
5
Vapor Pressure is directly proportionate to ______
Temperature
6
Which law states the total gas pressure in a container is equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each gas?
Dalton’s Law
7
Select the correct choices that best accurately describe agents with a low blood:gas solubility: (3)
Decreased uptake into the blood , Increased rate of rise , Faster onset
8
Which 3 factors determine anesthetic uptake into the blood?
Agent solubility , Partial pressure difference between alveoli and the blood , Cardiac Output
9
Which 3 factors reduce the rate of rise of FA/FI?
Increased cardiac output , Increased FRC, Decreased FGF
10
Which tissue groups receive 75% of cardiac output?
Vessel rich group
11
Which tissue group accounts for 50% of body mass?
Muscle group
12
Which concept BEST explains why the rate of rise of FA/FI is faster for nitrous oxide than desflurane?
Concentrating effect
13
Right-to-left intracardiac shunt causes: (2)
Slower induction with a volatile agent , Faster induction with an IV agent
14
Which 2 factors have the MOST significant impact on anesthetic uptake into the blood?
Cardiac output, Blood:gas solubility
15
What is the blood:gas partition coefficient of nitrogen?
0.014
16
Choose the factors that increase MAC (3)
Chronic alcohol consumption, Infants 1-6 months , Hyperthermia
17
Select the factors that have no effect on MAC: (3)
Gender , Duration , Hyperthyroidism
18
The Meyer-Overton rule states:
Lipid solubility is directly proportional to potency
19
Modern theory of anesthetic action suggests inhaled anesthetic: (2)
Interact with stereoselective receptors, Facilitate GABA transmission
20
Choose the receptors that inhalational gases will STIMULATE
GABA-A receptor , Glycine channel , Potassium channel
21
Choose the receptors that inhalational gasses will INHIBIT:
NMDA receptors , Dendritic spine function and motility , Nicotinic receptors
22
What is the most important site of volatile anesthetic action in the brain?
GABA-A receptor
23
The primary site where halogenated anesthetics produce immobility is the ventral horn of the spinal cord
True
24
Which site of action do we see the pharmacodynamic effect, amnesia, with volatile anesthetics ?
Hippocampus
25
Choose the regions that volatile anesthetics will produce unconsciousness: (3)
Cerebral cortex , Thalamus , Reticular activating system
26
Choose the 2 best choices below that describe cardiovascular effects regarding halogenated anesthetics:
Reduce MAP in a dose-dependent fashion , Decrease contractility in a dose-dependent fashion
27
Regarding the modern halogenated anesthetics in the adult at 1 MAC:
Respiratory rate increases
28
As the carotid bodies relay afferent input to the respiratory center through CN9, the aortic bodies relay afferent traffic through CN ___
10
29
Which of the halogenated ethers impairs the hypoxic drive the LEAST?
Desflurane
30
Electrical activity and cellular homeostasis help define:
CMRO2
31
Halogenated ethers affect somatosensory evoked potentials by: (2)
Decreasing amplitude , Increasing latency
32
SSEPs monitor the integrity of the:
Dorsal column
33
MEPs monitor the integrity of the:
Corticospinal tract
34
Decreased by volatile agents, amplitude that drops more than ___ indicates concern for nerve ischemia
50%
35
Increased by volatile anesthetics, latency that increases more than ___ indicates concern for nerve ischemia
10%