GS (TOPOGRAPHY)

49問 • 1年前

Na Me

通報

問題一覧

the configuration or shape and roughness of the ground

Topography

Topo came from word "topo" means ____ and "graphia" means _____

place , writing

Points on or near the surface of the earth have either _____ or _______ elevations

positive , negative

vertical distance above or below mean sea level or any other selected datum

Elevation

Enumerate the Representation of Reliefs

Spot Heights , Hachures , Form Lines, Contour Lines, Ridge and Stream Lining, Layer Tinting , Relief and Terrain Models, Shading

estimated with reasonable accuracy on even surfaces with fairly close contouring

Spot Heights

elevations of important features and critical points

Spot Heights

What are some features where spot heights are used for

Road Junctions, Summits, Sags, Highway Crossings, Peaks

For steep slope - the lines are _____ and _______ spaced

heavy, closely

For gentle slope - they are _____ and _____ spaced

fine, widely

series of short lines drawn in the direction of the slope

Hachures

drawn when not enough vertical control is available

Form Lines

Form Lines are usually represented as _________$

dashed lines

lying between two particular contours that may be colored in order the distribution of high and low land can be seen at a glance

Layer Tinting

old method used to show relative elevations on maps

Shading

_____ can be provided as an overprint on conventional contour map

Hill shading

in fact a miniature of the terrain it represents

Relief or Terrain Models

To emphasize ridge and stream linings, _______ are drawn along the main ridges

brown dashed lines

mainly used to emphasize the location of low and high ground

Ridge and Stream Lining

most widely used method of quantitatively representing hills, mountains, depression and ground surface undulations on a two-dimensional sheet of paper

Contour Lines

lines joining points of equal value.

Contour

constant vertical distance between two adjacent contour lines

Contour Interval

Type of Contours

Index Contour , Intermediate Contour , Supplemental Contour, Approximate Contour, Depression Contour

Index contours are usually drawn every ____ contour

fifth

heavier lines which are normally twice the gauge of the standard contours

Index Contours

four lighter weight contours found between the index contours

Intermediate Contour

They are drawn as dashed lines or lines of dots that begin and end when they approach the areas where the regular contours close in on each other

Supplemental Contour

Supplemental Contours are usually drawn at ______ the specified contour interval of the map

one-half

In Depression Contour, symbol used is the ______ or _____ contour to which ticks are drawn ______ to the contour line on the downhill side

index, intermediate , perpendicular

Characteristics of Contours

Contours on the ground cannot cross one another except where an overhanging cliff, a vertical ledge or wall is represented on the map, contour which closes within the limit of the map indicates either a summit or a depression. Contours which increase in elevation represent hills; those which decrease in elevation portray valleys or excavations., Every contour closes on itself, either within or beyond the limits of the map. The closure may occur within the mapped area, but often happens outside the area and hence will not appear on the map sheet., All points on any one contour have the same elevation., As a contour approaches a stream, the contour turns upstream until it intersects the shore line., Contours cross curbs and crowned sloping street in typical U-shaped curves.,  The horizontal distance between adjacent contours indicates the steepness of the slope of the ground. Where the contours are relatively close together, the slope is steep; the contours are far apart, the slope is , Irregular contours signify rough, rugged terrain., Contours are straight and parallel to each other on a plane surface., Contours are spaced evenly on a uniform slope.

Factors Considered in Contour Interval

Purpose of the Map, Relative Cost, Nature of the Terrain, Scale of the Map

Methods of Plotting Contours

By Estimation , Analytical Method , Rubber Band Method, Template Method, Triangle and Scale Method

method is suitable on small-scale maps

By Estimation

first step is to make a careful study of the positions of the contour points

By Estimation

How many person is required in Rubber Band Method?

suited for drawing large-scale maps.

Analytical Method

provides an accurate and rapid procedure for interpolating contour lines

Triangle and Scale Method

series of equally spaced parallel lines

Template Method

series of equally spaced parallel lines

Template Method

Two Types of Template Method

Converging Lines, Parallel Lines

suitable for the close contouring of small areas where considerable precision is required

Direct Method

Things to Consider in Direct Methid

Purpose of Survey, Size and Type of Area Surveyed, Equipment and Time Available , The Map Scale and Contour Interval , Intended Use of The Map, Cost of Survey, Experience of Personnel

consists of a series of rod readings taken along the same contour line from successive setups of instruments

Indirect Method

is one of the most accurate and direct procedure of locating contours

Trace Contour Method

procedure takes a series of set-ups of instruments and series of rod readings taken along a contour line

Trace Contour Method

readily visible and well defined points on the area surveyed will form a framework on which other map details may be indicated or upon which the interpolation of contours

Controlling Point Method

used when relatively high degree of precision is required, the map is drawn in a large scale.

Coordinate Method

used in locating contours along a route or other narrow area of terrain

Cross Profile Method

General Procedure of Coordinate Method • On a grid system lay out the area by establishing _____ and _____ stakes. • At the ________ of the grid lines, determine the ______. • Plot the points of known elevation to the desired _____ in plan. • Draw the contour lines by ______.

corner, perimeter , intersection , elevation , scale, interpolation

carto

carto

Mesozoic Era

Mesozoic Era

Mesozoic Marine Life and Dinosaurs

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Cenozoic

Cenozoic

RA 8371 (CHAPTER 1 & 2)

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RA 8371 (CHAPTER 1 & 2)

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RA 8371 (CHAPTER 3 & 4)

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RA 8371 (CHAPTER 3 & 4)

RA 8371 (NCIP)

RA 8371 (NCIP)

GS (Leveling, Lesson 6)

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GS (Leveling, Lesson 6)

GS (CONTROL SURVEY)

GS (CONTROL SURVEY)

Hydrography

Hydrography

GEO 124 LEC 1

GEO 124 LEC 1

COMA

COMA

GS 2 Control Survey

GS 2 Control Survey

GS 2 - Control Survey

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GS 2 - Control Survey

8問 • 1年前

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Hydrography (Lesson 2)

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Hydrography (Lesson 2)

HYDRO (LEC 3)

HYDRO (LEC 3)

Law (Lecture 1)

Law (Lecture 1)

GS 2 (Lec 1 & 2)

GS 2 (Lec 1 & 2)

問題一覧

the configuration or shape and roughness of the ground

Topography

Topo came from word "topo" means ____ and "graphia" means _____

place , writing

Points on or near the surface of the earth have either _____ or _______ elevations

positive , negative

vertical distance above or below mean sea level or any other selected datum

Elevation

Enumerate the Representation of Reliefs

Spot Heights , Hachures , Form Lines, Contour Lines, Ridge and Stream Lining, Layer Tinting , Relief and Terrain Models, Shading

estimated with reasonable accuracy on even surfaces with fairly close contouring

Spot Heights

elevations of important features and critical points

Spot Heights

What are some features where spot heights are used for

Road Junctions, Summits, Sags, Highway Crossings, Peaks

For steep slope - the lines are _____ and _______ spaced

heavy, closely

For gentle slope - they are _____ and _____ spaced

fine, widely

series of short lines drawn in the direction of the slope

Hachures

drawn when not enough vertical control is available

Form Lines

Form Lines are usually represented as _________$

dashed lines

lying between two particular contours that may be colored in order the distribution of high and low land can be seen at a glance

Layer Tinting

old method used to show relative elevations on maps

Shading

_____ can be provided as an overprint on conventional contour map

Hill shading

in fact a miniature of the terrain it represents

Relief or Terrain Models

To emphasize ridge and stream linings, _______ are drawn along the main ridges

brown dashed lines

mainly used to emphasize the location of low and high ground

Ridge and Stream Lining

most widely used method of quantitatively representing hills, mountains, depression and ground surface undulations on a two-dimensional sheet of paper

Contour Lines

lines joining points of equal value.

Contour

constant vertical distance between two adjacent contour lines

Contour Interval

Type of Contours

Index Contour , Intermediate Contour , Supplemental Contour, Approximate Contour, Depression Contour

Index contours are usually drawn every ____ contour

fifth

heavier lines which are normally twice the gauge of the standard contours

Index Contours

four lighter weight contours found between the index contours

Intermediate Contour

They are drawn as dashed lines or lines of dots that begin and end when they approach the areas where the regular contours close in on each other

Supplemental Contour

Supplemental Contours are usually drawn at ______ the specified contour interval of the map

one-half

In Depression Contour, symbol used is the ______ or _____ contour to which ticks are drawn ______ to the contour line on the downhill side

index, intermediate , perpendicular

Characteristics of Contours

Factors Considered in Contour Interval

Purpose of the Map, Relative Cost, Nature of the Terrain, Scale of the Map

Methods of Plotting Contours

By Estimation , Analytical Method , Rubber Band Method, Template Method, Triangle and Scale Method

method is suitable on small-scale maps

By Estimation

first step is to make a careful study of the positions of the contour points

By Estimation

How many person is required in Rubber Band Method?

suited for drawing large-scale maps.

Analytical Method

provides an accurate and rapid procedure for interpolating contour lines

Triangle and Scale Method

series of equally spaced parallel lines

Template Method

series of equally spaced parallel lines

Template Method

Two Types of Template Method

Converging Lines, Parallel Lines

suitable for the close contouring of small areas where considerable precision is required

Direct Method

Things to Consider in Direct Methid

Purpose of Survey, Size and Type of Area Surveyed, Equipment and Time Available , The Map Scale and Contour Interval , Intended Use of The Map, Cost of Survey, Experience of Personnel

consists of a series of rod readings taken along the same contour line from successive setups of instruments

Indirect Method

is one of the most accurate and direct procedure of locating contours

Trace Contour Method

procedure takes a series of set-ups of instruments and series of rod readings taken along a contour line

Trace Contour Method

readily visible and well defined points on the area surveyed will form a framework on which other map details may be indicated or upon which the interpolation of contours

Controlling Point Method

used when relatively high degree of precision is required, the map is drawn in a large scale.

Coordinate Method

used in locating contours along a route or other narrow area of terrain

Cross Profile Method

corner, perimeter , intersection , elevation , scale, interpolation