used to measure the elevation of the points in the survey area.

well suited for reconnaissance surveys where approximate elevations are required

Mountainous and hilly: Flat, Open Terrain:

_____ are measured more accurately than ______ .

method of surveying and mapping that uses a set of standard survey points as reference points for all subsequent surveys.

used to establish the horizontal position of points in a survey network and also used to measure distances and angles between points and to establish the relative positions of points in a plane.

method of surveying and mapping that uses a set of standard survey points as _________ or all subsequent surveys.

Parts of Markings of Monuments

method of surveying and mapping that uses a set of ___________ as reference points for all subsequent surveys.

the surveys conducted covering extensive areas

3 Types of Veetical Control Survey

consist of networks of geometric figures with almost all of the angles measured directly in the field and with relatively few of sides, measured.

used when transferring elevations from precise leveling circuits to selected triangulation stations.

best run over level or gently sloping terrain.

typically placed in locations that are easily identifiable

lengths of the sides of a series of triangles are measured and the angles from the lengths

series of horizontal distances and directions are observed to connect points whose positions are to be determined

surveys conducted to establish the positions of points of reference for projects with a limited geographic coverage

consist of closed polygons with most of the sides and angles measured directly in the field

determination of the precise position of a number of stations which are distributed over a large area.

Three Types of Horizontal Control Survey